Ọdịiche dị n'etiti Potassium Hydroxide na Sodium Hydroxide

N'akụkụ kemistri, ma Mmiri hydroxide (KOH) na sodium hydroxide (NaOH), nke a na-akpọkarị caustic potash na caustic soda, na-arụ nnukwu ọrụ. N'agbanyeghị na-ekerịta ụfọdụ myirịta dị ka ntọala siri ike, ha nwere njirimara dị iche iche na-ekewa ha n'akụkụ dị iche iche. Edemede a bu n'obi ịnye nkọwa zuru oke nke ọdịiche dị n'etiti potassium hydroxide na sodium hydroxide.

Chemical na arụrụ arụ

Ọdịdị Molecular na Nhazi

Potassium hydroxide nwere otu atom potassium (K), otu oxygen (O) atọm, na otu hydrogen (H) atọm, ya na usoro kemịkalụ KOH. Sodium hydroxide, n'aka nke ọzọ, mejupụtara otu sodium (Na) atọm, otu ikuku oxygen, na otu atom hydrogen, nke a kọwara dị ka NaOH. Ọdịiche dị na cation metal (potassium vs. sodium) bụ ihe dị mkpa ma na-enye aka n'ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche ha.

Ọdịdị anụ ahụ na ịdị nro

Ogige abụọ a na-acha ọcha, hygroscopic solids na ụlọ okpomọkụ, na-amịkọrọ mmiri ngwa ngwa site na ikuku. Otú ọ dị, ha na-egosipụta ọdịiche dị na solubility. Potassium hydroxide na-agbaze nke ukwuu na mmiri, na-ahapụ oke okpomọkụ n'oge mgbasa, nke nwere ike ime ka ngwọta na-ekpo ọkụ. Ọ dịkwa soluble na ethanol na methanol. Sodium hydroxide na-agbaze n'otu aka ahụ na mmiri, yana mmeghachi omume exothermic pụtara ìhè. Mana n'otu aka ahụ, potassium hydroxide n'ozuzu nwere oke solubility dị elu na ụfọdụ ihe mgbaze organic, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nhọrọ kacha amasị na ụfọdụ usoro kemịkalụ pụrụ iche.

Ebe na-agbaze na esi esi

Potassium hydroxide nwere ebe mgbaze nke ihe dịka 360 Celsius C (680 Celsius F) na etuto na gburugburu 1.324 Celsius C (2.415 °F). Sodium hydroxide, n'aka nke ọzọ, nwere ebe mgbaze dịtụ elu nke ihe dịka 318 Celsius (604 Celsius F) na esi na 1.388 °C (2.530 °F). Esemokwu ndị a na-agbaze na isi ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nwere ike imetụta ojiji ha na-eji ngwa okpomọkụ dị elu, na-ahọrọ nke ọ bụla dabere na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị iche iche nke usoro.

Ụzọ nkwadebe

Mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ nke Potassium Hydroxide

Na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, a na-emepụta potassium hydroxide karịsịa site na electrolysis nke ngwọta potassium chloride (KCl), usoro a maara dị ka usoro chloralkali. N'ime usoro a, a na-agafe ọkụ eletrik site na ngwọta potassium chloride na cell electrolytic. Na anode, ion chloride na-eme ka ọ bụrụ gas chlorine, ebe na cathode, mmiri na-ebelata, na-emepụta hydrogen gas na ion hydroxide. ion potassium na-ejikọta ya na ion hydroxide na-emepụta potassium hydroxide.

Mmepụta mmepụta ihe nke sodium Hydroxide

A na-emepụtakwa sodium hydroxide site na usoro chloralkali, mana iji sodium chloride (NaCl) dị ka ihe mmalite. Dị ka mmepụta nke potassium hydroxide, electrolysis nke ngwọta sodium chloride na-eduga na nhazi sodium hydroxide na cathode, yana ọgbọ nke chlorine gas na anode na hydrogen gas na cathode. Isi ihe dị iche na nkwadebe ahụ dabere na akụrụngwa eji eme ihe, yana mmepụta potassium hydroxide na-adabere na potassium - nwere nnu na mmepụta sodium hydroxide na sodium - nwere nnu.

ngwa

Na mmepụta kemịkalụ

N'ichepụta kemịkalụ, a na-eji potassium hydroxide eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'imepụta kemịkalụ nke nwere potassium dị ka potassium phosphates, nke bụ fatịlaịza dị mkpa. A na-ejikwa ya n'ọrụ na njikọ nke ụfọdụ polymers na dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali na ụfọdụ mmeghachi omume organic. Sodium hydroxide, n'aka nke ọzọ, bụ isi ihe na-emepụta ncha na ncha. Site na usoro a na-akpọ saponification, ọ na-eji abụba na mmanụ emeghachi omume iji mepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ncha na glycerol. Tụkwasị na nke a, a na-eji ya na-emepụta akwụkwọ, ebe ọ na-enyere aka n'ime usoro pulping imebi lignin, na-ekewapụ eriri cellulose maka mmepụta akwụkwọ.

Na Electroplating na Metal Processing

Potassium hydroxide na-achọta ngwa n'ime bath electroplating, karịsịa maka ịkwanye ụfọdụ ọla dị ka zinc. Ikike ya igbari metal oxides na ịnọgide na-enwe ihe alkaline gburugburu ebe obibi bara uru maka nweta a ire ụtọ na otu mkpuchi metal. A na-eji sodium hydroxide mee ihe na nhicha ígwè na usoro ọgwụgwọ elu. Ọ nwere ike wepu griiz, mmanụ, na nchara n'elu igwe, na-akwadebe ha maka nhazi ọzọ dị ka eserese ma ọ bụ ịkwanye.

Na nri na ngwaahịa ngwaahịa

Potassium hydroxide nwere oke mana ojiji a kapịrị ọnụ na ụlọ ọrụ nri. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike iji ya na mmepụta nke koko iji dozie pH, na-emetụta ekpomeekpo na agba nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ. A na-ejikwa ya na mmepụta nke pretzels dị nro iji mepụta àgwà chewy. N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-eji sodium hydroxide mee ihe na nhazi nke oliv iji wepụ obi ilu. A na-ejikwa ya na mmepụta nke ụfọdụ nri - ọkwa thickeners na stabilizers.

Nchekwa na ijikwa

Ma potassium hydroxide na sodium hydroxide bụ ihe na-emebi emebi nke ukwuu. Ha nwere ike ibute oke ọkụ na akpụkpọ ahụ, anya, na akụkụ iku ume mgbe a na-akpakọrịta. Mgbe ị na-eji kemịkalụ ndị a, a ga-eyirịrị akụrụngwa nchedo onwe onye kwesịrị ekwesị (PPE) dị ka uwe, enyo enyo, na uwe ụlọ nyocha. Ọ bụrụ na a na-akpakọrịta na akpụkpọ ahụ ma ọ bụ anya, iji ọtụtụ mmiri na-asọpụta ozugbo na ogologo oge dị mkpa. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi ọdịiche dị na mmeghachi omume ha na solubility ha, ọdịdị nke ihe ize ndụ nwere ike ịdị iche iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, potassium hydroxide dị elu nke solubility na ụfọdụ ihe mgbaze pụtara na ọ nwere ike gbasaa ngwa ngwa n'ebe ụfọdụ, na-abawanye ohere nke ikpughe na mberede n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ.

N'ikpeazụ, ebe potassium hydroxide na sodium hydroxide na-ekerịta àgwà a na-ahụkarị nke ịbụ ntọala siri ike, ọdịiche ha na ihe ndị dị na kemịkalụ na nke anụ ahụ, ụzọ nkwadebe, ngwa na nchekwa nchekwa na-eme ka ha dị mma maka ebumnuche dị iche iche. Ịghọta ọdịiche ndị a dị oke mkpa maka ndị na-ahụ maka kemist, ndị injinia, na ndị ọrụ mmepụta ihe ka ha jiri kemịkalụ ndị a rụọ ọrụ nke ọma na n'enweghị nsogbu n'ọtụtụ ngwa.