Iweghachite ọla edo dị irè iji sodium Cyanide: Nyochaa usoro nhazi nke carbon

A na-eji mmịpụta ọla edo nke Cyanide mee ihe n'ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo n'ihi ngbanwe ya siri ike na ọla, ikike imepụta ọla edo na saịtị, yana ọnụego mgbake dị elu. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi okwu nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, a na-eme usoro iji gwọọ mmiri na-ekpofu tupu na mgbe a gachara echekwa ya iji nweta mwepu efu, ma ọ bụ iji obere-cyanide ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-anaghị amịpụta mmiri iji chebe gburugburu ebe obibi mpaghara. Isiokwu a na-akọwa ọrụ nke cyanide na carbon-n'ime-pulp (CIP), ebumnuche ịghọta ụkpụrụ nke mwepụ ọlaedo ebe ọ na-ewepụ mmetọ ma na-aga n'ihu na igwu ala nke na-adịghị emebi gburugburu ebe obibi.

Mwepụta ọla edo Cyanide

Ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-agụnye ntinye nke cyanide na oxygen, okpomọkụ, nha na ọdịdị nke ọla edo dị na ore, njupụta pulp, ọdịnaya slurry, ihe nkiri dị elu na ihe ndị dị na ọla edo, na oge nkwụsị.

Mgbe ntinye nke cyanide dị ala, solubility nke oxygen dị oke elu, na nkwụsị nke ọla edo na-adabere na ntinye nke cyanide; Mgbe ntinye nke cyanide dị elu, a na-ekpebi ọnụọgụ ọla edo naanị site na ikuku oxygen, n'ozuzu sitere na 0.03% ruo 0.05%. A na-agbakwunye ụfọdụ oxidants, ihe enyemaka ịhịa aka n'ahụ, ma ọ bụ injection oxygen kpọmkwem iji meziwanye arụmọrụ leaching. N'otu osisi carbon-in-pulp, iji gas nwere oxygen dochie ikuku (ihe karịrị 90% oxygen) n'ime tankị leaching mụbara ọnụego ntanye ahụ site na pasent 0.89. N'ime osisi ọzọ, ịgbakwụnye 0.1 kg/ton nke 98% lead acetate na tankị leaching nke mbụ butere mbelata ọkwa ọla edo ọdụdụ site na 0.218 g/ton ruo 0.209 g/ton. Ọnụego mgbaze nke ọla edo na ngwọta cyanide na-abawanye na okpomọkụ, a na-echekwa ya n'etiti 10°C na 20°C; N'okpuru 1.34 Celsius C, ọla edo na-egbuke egbuke, nke mere na osisi ndị dị n'ebe ugwu na-ejikarị ọkụ ọkụ na-agbaze ọkpọkọ egbochiri n'oge oyi. N'elu 34.7ºC, ọla edo na-aghọ mmiri mmiri, na-ahapụkarị gas. Iji kwụsie ike ma belata mfu kemịkalụ, a na-agbakwunye alkali kwesịrị ekwesị iji kwalite mmeghachi omume na hydrolysis; A na-akpọ alkali a dị ka alkali nchebe.

Ngwakọta ọla edo ndị dị mma nwere nnukwu ebe a na-ekpughere ya, na-eme ka ha na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na cyanide. Na mgbakwunye, ọla edo na-akpụ akpụ, obere irighiri ọla edo dị okirikiri, na ụmụ irighiri ọla edo nwere oghere dị n'ime na-agbaze ngwa ngwa. Njupụta pulp dị ala na-ebute viscosity dị ala, na-ekwe ka ion cyanide na oxygen na-agbasa ngwa ngwa n'elu ụmụ irighiri ọla edo, na-eduga na mgbasa ngwa ngwa yana ọnụego leaching dị elu. Agbanyeghị, itinye uche dị ala nwere ike ịbawanye ụda nke pulp, na-ebuli akụrụngwa na ọnụ ahịa reagent. Njupụta pulp kwesịrị ekwesị bụ n'ozuzu 40% ruo 50%, ma n'ọnọdụ ndị nwere nnukwu apịtị na ihe mgbagwoju anya, ekwesịrị ịchịkwa ya na 20% ruo 30%. Ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha nwere ike ịmepụta ihe nkiri dị iche iche n'elu ihe ọla edo, na-emetụta nsị ọla edo. Mineral ndị emetụtara na-emeghachi omume na oxygen, cyanide na alkali, na-egbochi mmịpụta ọla edo. Ka oge leaching na-abawanye, ọnụọgụ leaching na-akawanye mma ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọnụego ahụ na-ebelata n'ihi mbelata nke olu na nha ọla edo, na-abawanye ohere dị n'etiti cyanide, ikuku oxygen na-agbaze, na ogige ọla edo, ebe adịghị ọcha na-agbakọta na-emepụta ihe nkiri na-emerụ ahụ. The "na-arapara" nke leaching tank agitator na-abụkarị n'ihi na elu itinye uche, ala fineness, na ezughị ikuku eruba, nakwa dị ka bughi oghere n'etiti ala impeller na tank ala. N'otu ụlọ ọrụ cyanide, mgbe tankị ahụ kwụsịrị, a chọrọ enyemaka aka na aka, na-eji egbe mmiri dị elu, egbe ikuku, na ogologo ígwè ígwè na-ekpochapụ ọkpọkọ ndị ahụ egbochiri. Achọpụtara ya n'ikpeazụ na ọdịiche dị n'etiti obere impeller na tank ala bụ okpukpu anọ karịa nke a na-emekarị, ma ozugbo edozi ya, edozi nsogbu ahụ.

Carbon-in-pulp (CIP) Mwepụta ọla edo

Ihe ndị a na-arụ ọrụ gụnyere Carbon arụ ọrụ mmịpụta, mwepụ na electrolysis, na mmeghari ohuru nke carbon.

Tupu iji carbon arụnyere ọrụ, ekwesịrị ka “ịkọ ma kpochapụ ya” site na ichicha ya. Mgbe ị na-azụta carbon, ọ dị mkpa iji hụ na ma ikike mgbasa ozi na ike dị mma, yana njupụta nke 0.50 kg / L ruo 0.55 kg / L. Ogo urughuru kwesịrị ịdị otu, n'ozuzu n'etiti 6 ntupu ruo 12 ntupu ma ọ bụ 6 ntupu ruo 16 ntupu, na ash ọdịnaya na undersized ihe ekwesịghị gafere 3%. N'otu osisi mkpụrụ osisi carbon, nnukwu ọdịnaya nke carbon ntụ ntụ butere ọkwa ọla edo na-akụ ọdụdụ karịa ọkwa ọdịnala karịa ugboro 16, na-eduga na mfu ọla edo, na-eme ka e dochie carbon ahụ kpamkpam. Njupụta nke carbon na tank adsorption na-abawanye na gradient; na-atụle ịka nká, mgbanwe carbon ugboro ugboro bara uru maka mgbake ọla edo. N'otu osisi mkpụrụ osisi carbon, a gbanwere okirikiri carbon ngbanwe site na ụbọchị 3 ọ bụla gaa n'ụbọchị ọ bụla ọzọ, na-ebute mmụba 25% na mmepụta.

Ọnwụ carbon n'oge oke mmiri ga-edugakwa na mfu ọla edo, nke bụ isi na-akpata site na ikpuchi ihuenyo nkewa carbon. Ọ dị mkpa iji wepụ ihe mkpofu mgbe nkewa na cyclone gasịrị. Ihuenyo nkewa nke carbon kwesịrị iji ihuenyo cylindrical kwụ ọtọ, na enwere ike idozi okwu site na ibelata mkpokọta slurry ma ọ bụ imezi njupụta carbon dị ala na ikuku ikuku n'akụkụ ikuku ikuku nke ihuenyo nkewa. Ihe kacha emetụ n'ahụ bụ ikuku carbon sitere na tank ọdụ ọdụdụ adsorption; Ihuenyo nchekwa 40-mesh na ọdụ ọdụ ọdụ na-arụ ọrụ "ichekwa ọnụ ụzọ" dị oke mkpa, a ga-enyochakwa ya mgbe niile iji hụ na ọ dịghị. Iji belata ike ikuku carbon, a na-ejikarị mkpali obere ọsọ eme ihe.

A na-eme desorption na electrolysis na ngwọta nke 1% sodium hydroxide na sodium cyanide n'okpuru nrụgide nke 0.35 MPa na 0.39 MPa, na-enweta desorption na okpomọkụ nke 135 ° C ruo 160 Celsius C, nke dị n'elu ebe isi mmiri nke ngwọta. Ọla edo dị na carbon mebiri emebi dị n'okpuru 50 g / t, ma ugbu a, a na-etinye desorption na-abụghị cyanide na electrolysis n'ọtụtụ ebe.

Maka mmeghari carbon, a na-eji 3% ruo 5% dilute nitric acid ma ọ bụ hydrochloric acid ngwọta maka ịtinye maka awa 0.5 ruo 1 (otu ihe ahụ na-emetụta n'okpuru ebe a), na-akpali akpali oge. Mgbe ịsachara, a na-eji mmiri na-asacha carbon ahụ iji wepụ ihe ngwọta acid, na-esote ya na 1% sodium hydroxide ngwọta iji wepụ acid ọ bụla fọdụrụnụ. N'ikpeazụ, a na-asacha carbon ahụ na 2 ruo 3 ugboro nke mmiri dị n'akụkụ akwa carbon.

Ntụnye Cyanide, Alkalinity, na Njupụta Carbon

Mgbe ị tụlechara ntinye nke slurry ahụ, jiri mpempe akwụkwọ yochaa ya. Were otu olu (na milliliters) n'ime flask conical, tinye 3-5 tụlee nke methyl oroma, na ngwọta ga-egosi ìhè odo agba. Titrate na ngwọta nitrate ọlaọcha ọkọlọtọ ruo mgbe agba pink pụtara; olu nke nitrate ọlaọcha riri na tube titration acid na-egosi ọdịnaya cyanide, nke kwekọrọ na ntinye nke cyanide. Enwere ike imezi nke a site n'ịgbanwe ọsọ ọsọ nke sodium cyanide ngwọta. Na ngwọta a, tinye 1-2 tụlee nke phenolphthalein, nke ga-atụgharị pink, na titrate na ọkọlọtọ acetic acid ngwọta ruo mgbe agba pink na-apụ n'anya. Ọdịiche dị na ọkwa meniscus na tube titration acid tupu na mgbe titration na-egosi oke acetic acid riri (na milliliters), nke dabara na ọdịnaya lime. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eji oxalic acid mee ihe maka titration, na-achịkwa pH nke slurry dị n'etiti 10 na 12. Ọdịnaya calcium oxide na slurry bụ ihe dịka 0.01% ruo 0.02%. Enwere ike ịhazi alkalinity site n'ịgbanwe ọnụọgụ lime agbakwunyere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ụdị diski ụdị lime feeder, enwere ike ịchịkwa ego ahụ site n'ịgbanwe ọnọdụ nke baffle.

Otu ite carbon cylindrical 1-liter, nke ejiri aka mee δ8 rebar, nwere ogologo aka nke ihe dịka 75% nke omimi tank. A na-ejikọta elu nke aka ahụ na mkpuchi ígwè nke na-emeghe ọkara nke ite nwere waya ígwè dị mma ma ọ bụ eriri nylon. Site na ịgbachi ma ọ bụ ịtọpụ waya ma ọ bụ eriri, carbon slurry nwere ike ịbanye n'ite ahụ. Mgbe ị wepụsịrị ite ahụ na tank ahụ, wụsa carbon slurry anakọtara n'ime ihe nlele nlele, kpochaa ya nke ọma na mmiri dị ọcha, wepụ mmiri mmiri ọ bụla tupu ị tụọ ọnụọgụ carbon, nke na-enye njupụta carbon maka nha a, gosipụtara na gram kwa liter. A na-ewepụta ihe nlele site na elu, etiti, na akụkụ ala nke tank ahụ, a na-ewerekwa nkezi uru dị ka njupụta carbon nke tank. Usoro nke mmịpụta carbon, ịgba ntụtụ, ibutu, na ịsacha acid ka ejirila ụgbọ mmiri nrụgide rụọ ọrụ. Ya mere, enwere ike ijikwa ngbanwe nke njupụta carbon n'ime tank adsorption site na ikuku ikuku na-ebuli elu na carbon nke ike ndọda dabere na nsonaazụ nchọpụta.

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