Iji Sayensị eme ihe nke sodium Cyanide na-enweghị mmerụ ahụ na gburugburu ebe obibi

Okwu Mmalite

sodium cyanide, Ngwakọta kemịkalụ nwere usoro NaCN, na-ejikarị arụ ọrụ dị iche iche n'ihi njirimara kemịkal pụrụ iche. Otú ọ dị, a makwaara ya maka oke nsi ya dị elu, nke na-ebute nchegbu banyere iji ya eme ihe nke ọma na mmetụta nwere ike ime na gburugburu ebe obibi. Edemede a bu n'obi inyocha otú sodium cyanide enwere ike iji ya na sayensị iji belata ihe egwu ma gbochie mmerụ ahụ ọ bụla na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Ngwongwo na ngwa nke sodium Cyanide

Chemical Properties

Sodium cyaide bụ ọcha, kristal siri ike nke na-agbaze nke ukwuu na mmiri. O nwere cyanide ion (CN-), nke na-akpata nsi ya. N'okpuru acid, sodium cyanide nwere ike ịhapụ hydrogen cyanide gas, ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke na-egbu egbu.

Ngwa Ngwaọrụ

Ụlọ ọrụ 1.Ngwuputa

• N'ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo, sodium cyanide na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'iwepụta ọlaedo site na ọla. Usoro a, nke a maara dị ka cyanidation ma ọ bụ cyanide leaching, abụrụla teknụzụ mwepụ ọlaedo kachasị ewu ewu kemgbe afọ 1970. A na-eji ngwọta sodium cyanide dị nro, nke na-adịkarị site na 100 ppm ruo 500 ppm (0.01% ruo 0.05% cyanide), iji gbazee ọlaedo site na ọla ahụ n'ụzọ dị iche iche. Usoro abụọ a na-ejikarị cyanide eme ihe maka mgbake ọlaedo bụ mkpokọ na igwe egweri (a makwaara dị ka carbon - na - leach, CIL). Ọ bụ ezie na e meela nnyocha sara mbara, achọpụtabeghị ihe ọzọ metụtara kemịkalụ nke dabara na àgwà akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi nke cyanide n'ịgwọta ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa. Ebe a na-egwupụta ihe, dịka akụkụ nke omume kacha mma ha, na-eji obere cyanide dị ka o kwere mee maka ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi, nchekwa, na akụ na ụba. Mgbe agbazere ọlaedo ahụ, a na-ahazi ihe ngwọta ndị ahụ iji weghachite ọlaedo ahụ, nke a na-agbaze ka ọ bụrụ ọla edo.

2.Electroplating Industry

• Na electroplating, a na-eji sodium cyanide mee ihe iji kwalite ịdị mma nke usoro ntinye. Ọ nwere ike ibelata polarization anode, na-eme ka mgbasa nke anode na-emekarị. Nke a na-enyere aka mee ka ihe ngwọta nke plating guzosie ike ma mee ka cathode polarization dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka oyi akwa akwa akwa.

3.Chemical Synthesis

• Sodium cyanide bụ isi akụrụngwa maka imepụta kemịkalụ dị iche iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji ya emepụta ihe dị mkpa inorganic cyanides dị ka odo prussiate nke soda, odo prussiate nke potash, potassium cyanide, zinc cyanide, barium cyanide, cuprous cyanide, sodium thiocyanate, na potassium thiocyanate. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ organic, a na-eji ya emepụta ogige dị ka cyanoacetic acid, malononitrile, methionine, cyanobenzyl, na cyanuric chloride.

Iji Sayensị eme ihe nke sodium Cyanide

Ijikwa nchekwa n'ebe ọrụ

1. Ọzụzụ ndị mmadụ

• Ndị ọrụ niile na-ejikwa sodium cyanide ga-enweta ọzụzụ zuru oke na nke pụrụ iche. Ha kwesịrị ịmara nke ọma njirimara sodium cyanide, gụnyere nsi ya, ihe egwu nwere ike ime, na usoro nchekwa. Ọzụzụ kwesịrị ikpuchi akụkụ dị ka nchekwa kwesịrị ekwesị, ụgbọ njem, na nzaghachi ihe mberede ma ọ bụrụ na mwụfu ma ọ bụ ntapu. Dị ka ihe atụ, ha kwesịrị ịma na e kwesịrị ịchekwa sodium cyanide n’ebe dị jụụ, kpọrọ nkụ, nke ọma na-ekuku ikuku, na-esi n’ebe a na-esi enweta okpomọkụ, ọkụ, na acid.

2.Njikwa injinia

• Ebe ọrụ ebe a na-eji sodium cyanide kwesịrị inwe njikwa injinia siri ike na ebe. Nke a na-agụnye ịnye ikuku ikuku zuru oke na mpaghara iji wepụ uzuzu ma ọ bụ gas ọ bụla nwere ike imerụ ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ọrụ ngwuputa ọla edo ebe a na-eji ngwọta cyanide eme ihe, ebe a na-agbapụta mmiri kwesịrị ịbụ nke nwere usoro ikuku ikuku siri ike iji gbochie nchikota nke gas hydrogen cyanide, nke nwere ike ịmepụta ma ọ bụrụ na cyanide batara na acids. Ekwesịrị idobe usoro ikuku ventilashị mgbe niile ma na-enyocha ya iji hụ na ha na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.

3.Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Ndị ọrụ na-ejikwa sodium cyanide kwesịrị iyi PPE kwesịrị ekwesị mgbe niile. Nke a na-agụnye kemịkalụ - gloves na-eguzogide ọgwụ, uwe nchebe, na nchebe iku ume. N'ebe enwere ike ikpughe na cyanide ikuku, ndị ọrụ kwesịrị iji respirators nwere nzacha kwesịrị ekwesị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ụlọ ọrụ electroplating, ndị ọrụ kwesịrị iyi uwe mkpuchi ahụ zuru oke nke ihe eji eme ihe na-enweghị ike ịnweta ngwọta sodium cyanide iji gbochie mmetụ akpụkpọ ahụ.

Nkwalite usoro

1.Precise Chemical Reactions

• N'ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị ka ngwupụta ọla edo, ịkwalite usoro cyanidation dị oke mkpa. Nke a gụnyere iji nlezianya na-achịkwa ntinye nke ngwọta sodium cyanide, pH nke gburugburu mmeghachi omume, na oge mmeghachi omume. Site n'ịgbanwe nke ọma paramita ndị a, enwere ike ibelata ọnụọgụ sodium cyanide eji eme ihe ma ka na-enweta mmịpụta ọla edo nke ọma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ụfọdụ ogbunigwe ọla edo nke ọgbara ọhụrụ, a na-eji sistemụ nleba anya dị elu iji tụọ ma mezie pH nke ngwọta cyanide leaching. Nke a na-eme ka mmeghachi omume ahụ pụta n'okpuru ọnọdụ kachasị mma, na-ebelata oriri nke sodium cyanide n'ozuzu ya.

2.Recycling na Reuse

• N'ime usoro ndị na-eji sodium cyanide eme ihe, ekwesịrị ime mgbalị iji megharịa na iji kemịkalụ. N'ịgbapụta ọla edo, dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe e wepụsịrị ọla edo ahụ, a pụrụ ịgwọ ihe ngwọta ndị nwere cyanide fọdụrụnụ site n'iji kemịkal dị iche iche na nke anụ ahụ mee ihe iji nwetaghachi cyanide. Enwere ike iji teknụzụ dị ka mgbanwe ion na nzacha akpụkpọ ahụ kewapụ cyanide na ihe ndị ọzọ dị na ngwọta, na-ekwe ka ejiri ya mee ihe na ọrụ leaching na-esote. Ọ bụghị nanị na nke a na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa nke iji sodium cyanide ma na-ebelata ego mkpofu a na-emepụta.

Na-egbochi mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi

Ọgwụgwọ ọdụdụ na ngwọta mkpofu

1.Cyanide mbibi na Tailings

• N'ụlọ ọrụ na-egwuputa ihe, ọ dị mkpa ka a gwọọ ọdụdụ slurries na ihe ngwọta nwere ihe leaked, mmiri, na cyanide fọdụrụnụ tupu ahapụ ya. A na-eji usoro kemịkalụ na anụ ahụ dị iche iche belata ma ọ bụ wepụ cyanide nke fọdụrụ na usoro mgbasa ọla edo. Otu ụzọ a na-ahụkarị bụ iji hydrogen peroxide, nke nwere ike oxidize cyanide na ngwaahịa na-adịghị egbu egbu. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a nwekwara ike iji usoro ọgwụgwọ ndu, ebe a na-eji ụfọdụ microorganisms gbarie cyanide. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụfọdụ nje bacteria nwere ike ime ka cyanide metabolize ma mee ka ọ ghọọ ihe ndị na-adịghị emerụ ahụ.

2.Regulatory Compliance

• Iwu mpaghara, steeti na mba na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'ịmachi oke na ntinye nke cyanide nke enwere ike ịweba na gburugburu ebe obibi. Iwu ndị a dị iche iche site na ikike mana n'ozuzu ha chọrọ njikwa siri ike maka mkpofu cyanide nwere mkpofu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ọtụtụ mpaghara, a na-edobe ntinye kachasị nke cyanide na nkwụsị ọdụ ọdụ n'ogo dị ala, mgbe mgbe n'ime akụkụ 0.2 ruo 0.5 kwa nde (ppm) ma ọ bụ 0.00002% ruo 0.00005% cyanide. Igwe ogbunigwe na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-eji sodium cyanide ga-agbaso ụkpụrụ ndị a iji gbochie mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi.

Nleba anya na nkwado ihe mberede

1.Environmental nlekota oru

• Nleba anya gburugburu ebe obibi na nke zuru oke dị mkpa iji chọpụta ihe ọ bụla nwere ike ịtọhapụ sodium cyanide na gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ebe ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eji sodium cyanide dị, enwere ike ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ nlekota iji tụọ ntinye nke cyanide na ikuku, mmiri, na ala. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ebe a na-egwupụta ihe, a na-anwale ihe nlele mmiri sitere na osimiri na iyi dị nso mgbe niile maka ọdịnaya cyanide. Ọ bụrụ na achọpụtara ọkwa ọ bụla na-adịghị mma, enwere ike ịme ihe ozugbo iji chọpụta ebe mmetọ ahụ si ebute ma gbochie mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi ọzọ.

2. Atụmatụ nzaghachi mberede

• Ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eji sodium cyanide kwesịrị inwe atụmatụ nzaghachi mberede emepụtara nke ọma. Atụmatụ ndị a kwesịrị ịkọwapụta usoro maka ime ihe banyere mwụfu, ntapu, ma ọ bụ ihe mberede ndị ọzọ metụtara sodium cyanide. Ọ bụrụ na mwụfu, ekwesịrị iwere usoro njide kwesịrị ekwesị ozugbo, dị ka iji ihe na-amịkọrọ mmiri na-amịnye ihe ngwọta cyanide wụfuru. Ekwesịrị ịzụ ndị otu nzaghachi mberede ka ha na-ahụ maka ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ha kwesịkwara ịnweta akụrụngwa na kemịkalụ dị mkpa maka iwepụ na ihicha sodium cyanide a wụfuru. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na nnukwu ihe na-agbapụta, hydrogen peroxide ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị na-eme ihe ngwa ngwa na cyanide ma belata nsị ya.

mmechi

Sodium cyanide bụ kemịkalụ dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, mana oke nsi ya chọrọ nlezianya na njikwa sayensị iji gbochie mmerụ ahụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Site n'ịgbaso usoro nchekwa siri ike, ịkwalite usoro mmepụta ihe, ịgwọ ihe mkpofu nke ọma, na imejuputa nleba anya zuru oke na atụmatụ nzaghachi mberede, ojiji nke sodium cyanide nwere ike ime ka nchekwa na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ bụghị naanị na nke a na-eme ka ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide na-adabere na sodium cyanide kamakwa na-echekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike ọha.