Ntụle nsi nke sodium Cyanide na usoro mgbochi ihe ize ndụ dị mkpa

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), dịka ihe kemịkalụ na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, na-arụ ọrụ a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe n'ọhịa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, dịka igwu ọlaedo, electroplating, na mmepụta ọgwụ. Agbanyeghị, ihe egwu nke nsí ya nwere ike ịbụ ihe iyi egwu dị ukwuu nye ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Isiokwu a ga-enyocha usoro nsí, ngosipụta ihe egwu, na usoro mgbochi nke Sodium Cyanide n'usoro , na-enye ntọala sayensị maka njikwa nchekwa.

I. Usoro nsi na ihe egwu ahụike

1. Nnukwu nsi

Nsí sodium cyanide na-esikarị na cyanide ion (CN⁻) nke kewapụrụ na ya. CN⁻ nwere ike ibute nsí site na ụzọ ndị a:

• Na-egbochi iku ume mkpụrụ ndụ : Ọ na-ejikọ na cytochrome oxidase dị na mitochondria, na-egbochi usoro njem elektrọn ma na-egbochi anụ ahụ iji oxygen ("intracellular asphyxia").

• Ọgwụ ngwa ngwa : Ọgwụ a na-aṅụ n'ọnụ bụ ihe dị ka 1-2 mg/kg (a na-agbakọ ya dị ka CN⁻), iku ume ma ọ bụ imetụ akpụkpọ ahụ aka na mmiri ọgwụ nwere nnukwu njupụta nwekwara ike ịkpata ọnwụ.

• Mgbaàmà Ndị A Na-ahụkarị :

• Nsi dị nro: isi ọwụwa, ọgbụgbọ, dyspnea, mgbagwoju anya;

• Nsi siri ike: Nrụgide, coma, njide obi, na ọnwụ na-emekarị n'ime nkeji ole na ole.

2. Nsi na-adịghị ala ala

Ikpughe ogologo oge na obere doses nwere ike ibute:

• Mmebi nke akwara ozi : Mfu ncheta, neuritis nke akụkụ ahụ;

• Nsogbu thyroid : CN⁻ na-egbochi metabolism iodine, na-eduga na goiter ma ọ bụ hypothyroidism;

• Nsí Mmebi Ọmụmụ : Nnwale anụmanụ na-egosi na ọ nwere ike imetụta mmepe nke usoro ọmụmụ.

II. Ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi

1. Nsi nye ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri

Sodium cyanide na-enwe mmetụta nke ukwuu maka ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri. Ọmụmaatụ:

Azụ : Ọnụọgụ dị n'etiti ihe na-egbu egbu (LC₅₀) dị ala dịka 0.05-0.5 mg/L (agbakọ dị ka CN⁻);

Plankton : 0.01 mg/L nwere ike igbochi photosynthesis.

N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ihe mberede mwụfu ọla edo Baia Mare na Romania na 1995 kpatara ọnụ ọgụgụ azụ̀ nwụrụ n'osimiri Danube, o werekwa ọtụtụ afọ maka mweghachi nke gburugburu ebe obibi.

2. Ala na mmiri dị n'ime ala

• Ngagharị : Ọ na-adịgide n'ala alkaline, mana o nwere ike ịkpata gas HCN dị oke njọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ acidic;

• Mmebi nke ihe ndị dị ndụ : Ụfọdụ obere ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere ike ịgbanwe CN⁻ ka ọ bụrụ formamide (NH₂CHO) site na cyanide hydrolase, mana ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi na-ebelata ọnụego mmebi.

III. Usoro mgbochi ihe ize ndụ

1. Njikwa Injinia

• Sistemụ Emechiri Emechi : Jiri ngwa mmepụta emechiri emechi iji belata ihe egwu nke ikpughe cyanide;

• Nhazi ikuku : Kwado sistemu ikuku dị mma iji hụ na mkpokọta cyanide n'ebe ọrụ dị ala karịa oke ikpughe ọrụ (dịka 5 mg/m³ nke OSHA kwuru);

• Teknụzụ Akpaaka : Jiri rọbọt ma ọ bụ njikwa anya iji belata ọrụ aka.

2. Ngwa nchekwa nkeonwe (PPE)

• Nchedo Iku Ume : Jiri ihe na-eku ume nke nwere ihe na-eku ume gas (dịka ihe na-eku ume gas ụdị A), ma yikwasị ihe na-eku ume nke nwere onwe ya (SCBA) ma ọ bụrụ na ihe mberede emee;

• Nchedo Akpụkpọ Ahụ : Yiri uwe na uwe aka nchebe kemịkalụ (ihe a ga-eji mee ihe kwesịrị iguzogide ịbanye cyanide, dịka rọba nitrile);

• Nchedo Anya : Yiri enyo nchekwa kemịkalụ ma ọ bụ ihe mkpuchi ihu.

3. Usoro nchịkwa

• Ọzụzụ na Asambodo : Na-eme ọzụzụ mgbe niile gbasara ọrụ nchekwa nke cyanide maka ndị ọrụ, ha nwekwara ike ịnọ n'ọrụ naanị mgbe ha gafere nyocha ahụ;

• Sistemụ Ikikere : Na-achịkwa nke ọma ịzụrụ, nchekwa, na njem nke cyanide, ma tinye njikwa "onye abụọ na mkpọchi abụọ" n'ọrụ;

• Nlekota na Mmeghachi Omume Mberede : Wụnye ihe mmetụta cyanide dị n'ịntanetị, na-achọpụtakarị mkpokọta dị n'ikuku na mmiri mgbe niile, ma na-emepụta atụmatụ nzaghachi mberede maka mmiri na-agbapụta.

4. Ọgwụgwọ Mberede

• Mwepụ mmiri ozuzo :

1. Ngwa ngwa kewapụ ebe mmetọ ma bepụ isi iyi ọkụ (HCN na-ere ọkụ);

2.Wepụ ya na oke sodium hypochlorite ma ọ bụ sodium thiosulfate ngwọta:

CN⁻ + ClO⁻ → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ (a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ CO₂ na N₂);

3. Tinye mmiri fọdụrụ (dịka nke e ji carbon arụ ọrụ ) iji gbochie mgbasa nke mmetọ.

• Enyemaka Mbụ Maka Nsị :

1. Ngwa ngwa pụọ ​​na saịtị ahụ ma mee ka traktị iku ume ghara igbochi;

2.Ozugbo jiri ọgwụ mgbochi (dị ka iku ume amyl nitrite + intravenous injection of sodium thiosulfate);

3.Mee resuscitation cardiopulmonary (CPR) ruo mgbe nnapụta ndị ọkachamara rutere.

IV. Nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ na-eme n'ọdịnihu

1. Dochie usoro Cyanide na-enweghị

• Mwepụta Ọlaedo : Usoro mmịpụta Thiourea, usoro mmịpụta ihe ndị dị ndụ (iji obere nje mee ka ọ gbawaa ihe ndị dị n'ime ala);

• Ụlọ Ọrụ Electroplating : Nabata electrolytes na-enweghị cyanide dịka zincate na citrate.

2. Digital Monitoring System

Nyochaa itinye uche nke cyanide ozugbo site na ịntanetị nke Ihe (IoT) na ọgụgụ isi (AI), wee kwalite ikike ịdọ aka ná ntị mbụ site na ijikọ na nyocha drone.

3. Mmelite nke ụkpụrụ na ụkpụrụ

• Ụkpụrụ Mba Nile : Soro Usoro Njikwa Cyanide Mba Nile (ICMI) mee ka nrubeisi gburugburu sikwuo ike;

• Ụkpụrụ Ndị China : GB 31574-2015 "Ụkpụrụ Mwepụ nke Ihe Ndị Na-emetọ Ihe Maka Ụlọ Ọrụ Kemịkalụ Na-adịghị Ezumike" na-egbochi mwepụta nke cyanide kpamkpam.

V. Mmechi

Agaghị eleghara ihe egwu dị na nsị nke Sodium cyanide anya, mana site na njikwa sayensị, mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ na teknụzụ, na nlekọta siri ike, enwere ike ijikwa ihe egwu ya nke ọma. N'ọdịnihu, site na ime ka usoro akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ gbasaa na mmepe nke teknụzụ nlekota nwere ọgụgụ isi, ojiji cyanide n'enweghị nsogbu ga-eru ọkwa dị elu. Ụlọ ọrụ kwesịrị ịgbaso ụkpụrụ nke "mgbochi mbụ, enwere ike ịchịkwa ihe egwu", ma mezuo ọrụ mmekọrịta ha nke ọma ma na-achụso uru akụ na ụba iji hụ na ahụike mmadụ na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi.