Ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke ịgbazite Cyanidation ọla edo

cyanidation ọla edo, usoro hydrometallurgical dị mkpa, abụrụla isi nkuku nke mmịpụta ọla edo ihe karịrị otu narị afọ kemgbe azụmaahịa ya na 1890s. Edemede a na-abanye n'ime usoro kemịkalụ na nke anụ ahụ na-akwado cyanidation leaching nke ọla edo, na-enye nghọta zuru oke nke usoro a dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ọla edo.

Mmeghachi omume Chemical: Obi nke Cyanidation

Usoro cyanidation na-adabere na reactivity pụrụ iche nke ọla edo n'ihu ion cyanide (CN⁻) na oxidant, nke na-abụkarị oxygen sitere na ikuku. Enwere ike ichikota mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ bụ isi dị ka ndị a: mole ọla edo anọ (Au), na-eji mole asatọ na-emeghachi omume. sodium cyanide (NaCN), otu mole nke oxygen (O₂) sitere na ikuku, na mole mmiri abụọ (H₂O), na-emepụta mole anọ nke sodium dicyanoaurate(I) (Na [Au (CN)₂]) na mole anọ nke sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Na mmeghachi omume a, atom ọla edo na-agbaze na steeti oxidation +1 wee mepụta ogige dicyanoaurate (I) kwụsiri ike ([Au (CN)_2]^- \). Cyanide ion na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mgbagwoju anya, na-eme ka ion ọla edo guzosie ike na ngwọta, ebe oxygen na-eje ozi dị ka onye na-anabata electron, na-eme ka oxidation nke ọla edo dị. Usoro mgbagwoju anya nke a redox na-enyere aka igbasa ọla edo site na ọla ya, ọbụlagodi na ọ dị obere. cyanide mkpokọta (0.01-0.1%).

Usoro anụ ahụ: Nyefee Mass na Leaching Kinetics

E wezụga mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, arụmọrụ nke cyanidation ọla edo A na-achịkwa usoro anụ ahụ dị ka nnyefe oke na mgbasa. A na-emetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ leaching n'ozuzu ya site na mgbasa nke reactants (cyanide na oxygen) n'elu ọla edo na mgbasa nke ogige dicyanoaurate kpụrụ akpụ pụọ n'elu. Dị ka ihe atụ nke mbelata - isi, ịcha ọla edo na-apụta n'usoro usoro atọ:

1. Nyefe oke dị na mpụga: Cyanide na oxygen na-agbasa site na oke ala gbara okirikiri ọla edo.

2. Mmeghachi omume elu: Oxidation na mgbagwoju anya na-ewere ọnọdụ na ọla edo - ngwọta ngwọta.

3. Mgbasa n'ime: The kpụrụ gold - cyanide complexes na-agbasa site na urughuru. Nke kacha nwayọ n'ime usoro ndị a na-ekpebi ọnụọgụ leaching n'ozuzu ya, na-abụkarị mbufe oke mpụta ma ọ bụ mmeghachi omume elu, dabere na ọnọdụ ọrụ.

Ihe ndị na-emetụta na arụmọrụ Cyanidation

Ọtụtụ isi ihe na-emetụta arụmọrụ nke cyanidation ọla edo:

• Ntụkwasị Cyanide: Achọrọ cyanide zuru oke iji mepụta ogige kwụsiri ike, mana oke oke nwere ike ibute ọnụ ahịa na-abawanye na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha mma na-adịgasị iche dabere na njirimara ọla.

• Nnweta oxygen: Oxygen zuru oke dị mkpa maka mmeghachi omume oxidation. A na-eji ụzọ ikuku ikuku, dị ka mgbakasị igwe ma ọ bụ sparging ikuku, iji kwalite nnyefe oxygen.

• Njikwa pH: A na-eme usoro a na pH dị elu (9 - 11) iji gbochie nhazi nke hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas. A na-ejikarị wayo na-ejigide ọkwa pH chọrọ.

• Ore MinerologyỌnụnọ nke sulfide, carbonihe ndị dị ka aceous, na mineral ndị ọzọ nwere ike igbochi cyanidation. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, sulfide nwere ike iri cyanide na oxygen, ebe ihe carbonaceous nwere ike ịmịkọrọ gold - cyanide complexes, na-akpata "preg - ohi."

Ụzọ iji kwalite arụmọrụ Cyanidation

Iji kwalite nrụpụta ọla edo, a na-eji usoro nkwalite dị iche iche:

• Tupu ọgwụgwọ: Enwere ike itinye anụ nri, oxidation nrụgide, ma ọ bụ bio-oxidation na ore refractory iji wepụ mineral ndị na-etinye aka na ikpughe ọla edo.

• nwekwara: Enwere ike ịgbakwunye ngwakọta dị ka thiourea ma ọ bụ amonia iji meziwanye ọnụego mgbasa ma ọ bụ gbochie mmeghachi omume akụkụ.

• Nhazi akụrụngwa kachasị mma: Advanced leaching reactors na mma ịgwakọta na oke ibufe ike, dị ka agitated - tank reactors ma ọ bụ ikpo - leaching sistem, nwere ike welie n'ozuzu usoro arụmọrụ.

N'ikpeazụ, leaching cyanidation ọla edo bụ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya ma dị oke irè nke na-ejikọta mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, nnyefe anụ ahụ, na njikwa nlezianya nke ọtụtụ paramita arụmọrụ. Ịghọta ụkpụrụ ndị a bụ isi dị mkpa maka ịkwalite usoro mmịpụta ọla edo, hụ na ike akụ na ụba, na ibelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ọla edo. Ka ọchịchọ ọla edo na-aga n'ihu, nchọpụta na-aga n'ihu na-elekwasị anya n'ịzụlite usoro cyanidation nke ọma, na-adigide na gburugburu ebe obibi.