Usoro mmepụta Sodium Cyanide kacha ọhụrụ

1. Okwu Mmalite

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) bụ ihe dị mkpa e ji emepụta kemịkalụ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, dịka igwu ọlaedo, electroplating, na mmepụta kemịkalụ. Usoro mmepụta nke Sodium cyanide anọwo na-agbanwe agbanwe mgbe niile iji melite arụmọrụ, belata ọnụ ahịa, ma melite enyi na enyi gburugburu ebe obibi. Isiokwu a ga-ewebata ọtụtụ n'ime usoro mmepụta kachasị ọhụrụ nke Sodium Cyanide.

2. Amonia - usoro sodium

2.1 Ụkpụrụ Usoro

N'ụzọ ammonia - sodium, a na-ebu ụzọ tinye sodium metallic na petroleum coke na reaktọ n'otu oke. A na-ebuli okpomọkụ ahụ ruo 650 °C, a na-ewebatakwa gas ammonia. Ka okpomọkụ ahụ na-abawanye ruo 800 °C, mmeghachi omume na-eme n'ime awa 7, nke a na-agbanwe sodium metallic kpamkpam ka ọ bụrụ sodium cyanide . Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-enyocha ihe ndị na-emeghachi omume na okpomọkụ nke 650 °C iji wepụ coke petroleum gabigara ókè. A na-ewepụ ngwaahịa ahụ gbazere agbaze ma tụba ya n'ụdị achọrọ iji nweta ngwaahịa sodium cyanide.

2.2 Uru na ọghọm

• Uru : Usoro a nwere ụkpụrụ mmeghachi omume dị mfe, ihe ndị e ji emepụta ya bụ sodium na ammonia dịkwa na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ.

• Ihe Ọjọọ : Ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume okpomọkụ dị elu chọrọ nnukwu oriri ike. Ọzọkwa, ojiji nke sodium metal na-akpata ụfọdụ ihe egwu nchekwa n'ihi nnukwu mmeghachi omume ya.

3. Cyanide Melt Method

3.1 Ụkpụrụ Usoro

A na-agbakwunye Cyanide na-agbaze na oxide lead na tank nke mmịpụta. Ụdị nke cyanide gbazere na oxide lead bụ (500 - 700): 1. Mgbakwunye nke lead oxide na-enyere aka na desulfurization site n'ịmepụta ụzọ sulfide. A na-ahapụzi mmiri mmịpụta ahụ ka ọ dozie, mmiri mmiri doro anya na-esi na ya pụta nwere 80 - 90 g / L nke NaCN. N'ime igwe na-emepụta ihe, mmiri mmiri a na-eji sulfuric acid gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ emeghachi omume iji mepụta gas hydrogen cyanide. Mgbe condensation iji wepụ mmiri, hydrogen cyanide gas na-abanye n'ime ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emeghachi omume na alkali mmiri (sodium hydroxide solution) iji mepụta sodium cyanide.

3.2 Uru na ọghọm

• Uru : Usoro a nwere ike iwepụ ihe ruru unyi sọlfọ nke ọma site na itinye lead oxide, nke bara uru maka imeziwanye mma nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ.

• Ihe Ọjọọ : Ojiji nke lead oxide nwere ike ibute nsogbu mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi nke metụtara lead. Na mgbakwunye, usoro a gụnyere ọtụtụ usoro dịka mwepụ, mmeghachi omume, na ịmịkọrọ ihe, nke na-eme ka ọrụ dịkwuo mgbagwoju anya.

4. Usoro Andrussow (Usoro Anshig)

4.1 Ụkpụrụ Usoro

Usoro Andrussow na-eji gas eke, ammonia, na ikuku dị ka ihe eji emepụta ihe. Nke mbụ, a na-asa gas eke n'ime ụlọ elu mmiri iji wepụ sọlfọ na-adịghị emepụta ihe na akụkụ nke sọlfọ organic. Mgbe a sachara ya, gas eke a nụchara anụcha kwesịrị inwe sọlfọ nke ≤1 mg/m³ na ọdịnaya nke hydro Carbon s dị n'elu C₂ kwesịrị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 2%. A na-ekupụ ammonia mmiri mmiri n'ime vaporizer, a na-asakwa ikuku site na nzacha. A na-agwakọta ihe atọ ahụ na igwekota na nha nke ammonia:methane:air = 1:(1.15 - 1.17):(6.70 - 6.80). Gas agwakọtara na-abanye na reactor oxidation na platinum - rhodium alloy dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali. Na okpomọkụ nke 1070 - 1120 °C, mmeghachi omume na-eme iji mepụta gas agwakọtara nwere 8.5% hydrogen cyanide.

A na-eme ka gas dị jụụ wee banye n'ụlọ elu amonia, ebe sulfuric acid na-etinye amonia fọdụrụnụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-eme ka mmiri dị jụụ na hydrogen cyanide na-etinye uche na mmiri dị ala. A na-ahapụ gas ọdụ mgbe ụlọ elu alkali sachara ya. Ihe ngwọta nke cyanide hydrogen nke mmiri na-etinye bụ okpomọkụ - gbanwere wee banye n'ụlọ elu desorption. N'elu ụlọ elu desorption, a na-enweta hydrogen cyanide na ịdị ọcha nke 98%. Cyanide hydrogen a na-emeghachi omume na ngwọta alkali iji mepụta ngwọta sodium cyanide, bụ nke a na-esikwa n'ihu site na evaporation, crystallization, ihicha, na nhazi iji nweta ngwaahịa sodium cyanide ikpeazụ.

4.2 Uru na ọghọm

• Uru : N'ógbè ndị nwere akụ gas sitere n'okike bara ụba, ọnụ ahịa ihe eji arụ ọrụ dị obere. Usoro a etolitela nke ọma n'ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, oke mmepụta ya nwekwara ike ịdị oke ukwuu.

• Ihe Ọjọọ : N'ebe ndị na-enweghị akụrụngwa gas eke, nke ihe ndị dị ka ụkọ gas eke, amụma, na ọnụ ahịa na-emetụta, ọnụ ahịa mmepụta nwere ike ịgbanwe nke ukwuu. Ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume okpomọkụ dị elu chọrọ akụrụngwa na-eguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu ma na-eri nnukwu ike.

5. Usoro ọkụ

5.1 Ụkpụrụ Usoro

A na-eji gas, oxygen, na amonia eme ihe dị ka akụrụngwa. A na-enyocha gas atọ ndị a iche iche iji wepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha wee banye na igwekota mgbe emechara ya ma tụọ ya. A na-eji akụkụ nke ikuku oxygen dị ka isi oxygen iji banye na igwekota, na akụkụ nke ọzọ na-enye nri ozugbo n'ime oghere maka mgbanye. A na-ejikọta ngwa ngwa atọ ndị a n'otu akụkụ ma na-enweta mmeghachi omume combustion iji synthesize hydrogen cyanide na okpomọkụ nke 1500 Celsius.

A na-emenyụ gas mmeghachi omume site n'ịfesa mmiri wee mee ka ọ dị jụụ na ngwa nju oyi. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-abanye na amonia - ụlọ elu absorption, ebe amonia fọdụrụ na mmeghachi omume gas na-etinye uche na 15% - 20% sulfuric acid, na ammonium sulfate nwere ike nwetaghachi. A na-eji mmiri mee ka ikuku mmeghachi omume nwere hydrogen cyanide dị jụụ wee were mmiri dị ala na-amịnye ya iji mepụta ngwọta 1.5% hydrogen cyanide. A na-agbanye ihe ngwọta a na ụlọ elu distillation iji nweta hydrogen cyanide na ọdịnaya nke 98% - 99%. N'ikpeazụ, ihe ngwọta alkali na-etinye ya n'obi, na mgbe evaporation, crystallization, ihicha, na ịkpụzi, a na-enweta ngwaahịa sodium cyanide.

5.2 Uru na ọghọm

• Uru : Usoro a nwere ike ime ka mmepụta hydrogen cyanide dị ọcha nke ukwuu. Iweghachite ammonium sulfate dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma nwere ike iweta ụfọdụ uru akụ na ụba.

• Ihe Ọjọọ : Mmeghachi omume ọkụ dị elu na okpomọkụ chọrọ nnukwu ntinye ike. Usoro a gụnyekwara ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya dịka ịgwakọta gas, ọkụ, imenyụ ọkụ, na ịmịkọrọ mmiri, nke chọrọ njikwa usoro dị elu.

6. Ụzọ pyrolysis mmanụ ọkụ

6.1 Ụkpụrụ Usoro

A na-agwakọta mmanụ ọkụ na amonia n'ime atomizer n'otu akụkụ ma kpoo ọkụ ruo 280 Celsius. Ngwakọta ahụ wee banye n'ọkụ ọkụ eletrik maka mmeghachi omume pyrolysis. A na-eji coke mmanụ ala mee ihe dị ka ihe na-ebu, a na-ejikwa nitrogen dị ka gas nchebe iji gbochie oxidation na gburugburu ebe mechiri emechi. N'ebe okpomọkụ nke 1450 Celsius C, mmeghachi omume na-eme ka ịmepụta hydrogen cyanide gas. A na-ewepụ gas ahụ, mee ka ọ dị jụụ, ma na-esikwa ya n'ihu site na usoro dị ka iwepụ amonia, ịsacha mmiri, mmịnye, na distillation iji nweta hydrogen cyanide dị ọcha. N'ikpeazụ, hydrogen cyanide na-emeghachi omume na ngwọta alkali (sodium hydroxide) iji mepụta sodium cyanide.

6.2 Uru na ọghọm

• Uru : Teknụzụ usoro a etolitela nke ukwuu. Ọ nwere ike iji mmanụ dị mfe, ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ụlọ ọrụ petrochemical.

• Ihe Ọjọọ : E nwere nsogbu n'iwepụ ihe mkpofu na iwepụ ihe na-adịghị ọcha nke hydrogen cyanide. Ngwaahịa a nwere ike iri oke, ọgwụgwọ nke "ihe mkpofu atọ" (gas mkpofu, mmiri mkpofu, na ihe mkpofu fọdụrụ) siri ike. Ọnụ ego mmepụta ya dị elu.

7. Acrylonitrile Site - Usoro Ngwaahịa

7.1 Ụkpụrụ Usoro

N'ime usoro nke imepụta acrylonitrile site na ammoxidation nke propylene, a na-emepụta gas hydrogen cyanide dị ka ngwaahịa (ego ya bụ 4% - 10% nke mmepụta acrylonitrile). A na-etinye gas nwere hydrogen cyanide site na ngwọta alkali. Mgbe evaporation, itinye uche, nkewa, na ihicha, a na-enweta ngwaahịa sodium cyanide.

7.2 Uru na ọghọm

• Uru : Nke a bụ usoro ojiji ngwaahịa site na ngwaahịa, nke nwere ike iji akụrụngwa mee ihe nke ọma ma belata ọnụ ahịa mmepụta ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ.

• Ihe Ọjọọ : Mmepụta sodium cyanide nwere oke site na nha mmepụta nke acrylonitrile. Usoro mmepụta bụ isi nke acrylonitrile nwere ike imetụta ogo nke ngwaahịa site na hydrogen cyanide, nke chọrọ njikwa na nhicha siri ike.

8. Methanol Ammoxidation Method

8.1 Ụkpụrụ Usoro

Ikuku na-agafe na nzacha na onye na-ekpo ọkụ tupu mgbe ahụ wee banye n'ọkụ mmeghachi omume. Mmiri amonia na-ekpochapụ ma methanol na-ekpochapụ. Ha na-abanye na ngwakọta tupu ikpo ọkụ wee meghachi omume na ikuku na ọkụ mmeghachi omume. N'okpuru ọrụ nke ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ Fe - Mo oxide, mmeghachi omume na-emepụta hydrogen cyanide. Mmiri cyanide hydrogen na-abanye n'ụlọ elu de - amonia iji wepụ amonia wee nweta hydrogen cyanide. N'ikpeazụ, a na-etinye ya na ngwọta alkali iji kwadebe sodium cyanide.

8.2 Uru na ọghọm

• Uru : Ojiji methanol na ammonia dị ka ihe eji emepụta ihe bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, a pụkwara iji ihe na-akpali ya mee ihe ọzọ ma jiri ya mee ihe ọzọ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. Enwere ike ịgbanwe usoro a dịka mkpa mmepụta si dị.

• Ihe ọghọm : Ihe mkpali ahụ na-enwe mmetụta n'ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume, obere mgbanwe na okpomọkụ, nrụgide, na oke ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe nwere ike imetụta ọrụ na nhọrọ nke ihe mkpali ahụ, si otú a na-emetụta mmepụta na ịdị mma nke ngwaahịa ahụ.

9. Mmechi

Usoro mmepụta nke sodium cyanide nke ọ bụla nwere njirimara nke ya. Nhọrọ nke usoro mmepụta na-adabere n'ihe dị iche iche dị ka nnweta akụrụngwa, ọnụ ahịa, ihe ndị chọrọ gburugburu ebe obibi, na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta. Site na mmepe nke teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu, usoro mmepụta ọhụrụ nwere ike ịpụta n'ọdịnihu, na-achọ ịkwalite arụmọrụ na arụmọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmepụta sodium cyanide. Ka ọchịchọ nke sodium cyanide na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto, njikarịcha na mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ nke usoro mmepụta ga-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'igbo mkpa ahịa ma na-ahụ na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.