Ọrụ nke enyemaka Leaching na Mwepụta ọla edo sodium Cyanide

Okwu Mmalite

Ọ dịla anya a na-eji Cyanide leaching eme ihe n'ịmịpụta ọlaedo n'ihi na ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma na-efu obere ego. Agbanyeghị, usoro a enweghị nsogbu, dịka mkpa ọ dị ogologo oge ịmịpụta ọlaedo, oke oriri cyanide , na ọnụnọ nke mineral ndị na-anaghị agbaze ọlaedo nke nwere ike igbochi ya ịgbaze ọlaedo. Nke a bụ ebe ihe enyemaka ịmịpụta ọlaedo na-abata. Ihe enyemaka ịmịpụta ọlaedo bụ ihe ndị a na-etinye na ngwọta ịmịpụta ọlaedo iji mee ka mwepụta ọlaedo dịkwuo mma, na-enye ụzọ dị irè ma dị ọnụ ala karịa iji egwupụta ọlaedo.

Olee otú Leaching Aids si arụ ọrụ

Oxygen agbazere na-abawanye

Otu n'ime ọrụ ndị bụ isi nke ọtụtụ ihe enyemaka ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri bụ ịbawanye ọdịnaya oxygen gbazere na ngwọta cyanide. Maka ọla edo ka ọ gbazee na ngwọta cyanide, a chọrọ oxygen ka ọ bụrụ onye na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe oxidation nke ọla edo na nchikota ya na ion cyanide. N'ọnọdụ nkịtị, ikuku oxygen a na-enye site na ikuku adịghị ezughị oke, nke na-egbochi ọnụego nke ọla edo na-agbaze. Ihe enyemaka na-enye ume dị ka peroxides na persulfates nwere ike ịkụda ma hapụ oxygen, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo elu nke ikuku oxygen gbazere na slurry. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, hydrogen peroxide na-emebi emebi iji nyekwuo ikuku oxygen maka mmeghachi omume n'etiti ọla edo na cyanide.

Ịmepụta mkpụrụ ndụ Galvanic (nnu metal dị arọ)

Nnu ígwè dị arọ ụfọdụ, dị ka nnu lead, nnu MERCURY , na nnu bismuth, nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ihe enyemaka na-amịpụta site n'ịmepụta mkpụrụ ndụ galvanic dị n'ógbè ahụ. Mgbe etinyere ya na slurry cyanide, ọla ndị a dị arọ na-abanye n'elu ihe ndị dị na ọlaedo. Nke a na-emepụta ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọlaedo na ọla dị arọ e tinyere, nke na-eme ka ọ gbazee ọlaedo ngwa ngwa. Ọlaedo na-arụ ọrụ dị ka anode ebe oxidation na-eme, ebe a kpuchiri ígwè dị arọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka kathode. Usoro electrochemical a na-eme ka ọsọ nke a na-amịpụta ọlaedo dịkwuo ngwa ngwa.

Chelation na mwepu adịghị ọcha

Ụfọdụ ihe enyemaka ịcha mmiri nwere ike ijikọ ma ọ bụ wepụ ihe adịghị ọcha dị n'ime igwe nke nwere ike igbochi usoro ntanye cyanide. N'ime ores nwere ion ígwè dị ka ọla kọpa, zinc, ígwè, adịghị ọcha ndị a nwere ike imeghachi omume na cyanide, na-eri ya ma belata ego dị maka mgbasa ọla edo. Ndị na-aghọ aghụghọ n'ime ihe enyemaka ịsa ahụ na-etolite ogige kwụsiri ike na ion adịghị ọcha ndị a, na-ewepụ ha ma gbochie mmeghachi omume ha na cyanide. Ọ bụghị naanị na nke a na-ebelata oriri cyanide kamakwa ọ na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ọla edo - usoro leaching.

Ụdị ihe enyemaka Leaching na ọrụ ha pụrụ iche

Ndị na-achọpụta Oxidizing

1.Peroxides

• Hydrogen Peroxide : Hydrogen peroxide bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ka ọ dị ọcha. Ọ nwere ike ime ka ikuku oxygen gbazee ngwa ngwa na mmiri cyanide. N'ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, itinye hydrogen peroxide na sistemụ ịcha cyanide nwere ike ime ka oge ịcha ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ nke ukwuu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ụfọdụ ebe a na-egwupụta ọlaedo, oge ịcha ahụ nwere ike ibelata ruo 50% mgbe ejiri hydrogen peroxide mee ihe dị ka ihe enyemaka ịcha ahụ. Ọ na-enyekwa aka belata oriri cyanide ebe ọ bụ na ịcha ahụ ọlaedo na-eme ka oxidation dịkwuo mma na-enye ohere maka iji cyanide eme ihe nke ọma.

• Calcium Peroxide : Calcium peroxide bara uru nke ukwuu n'ime ihe ndị e ji sọlfọ mee. Ọ na-agbaze nwayọ nwayọ karịa hydrogen peroxide, na-enye oxygen na-adịgide adịgide. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwere ike ibelata mmebi nke cyanide site na mineral nwere sọlfọ. N'ime ihe ndị e ji sọlfọ mee, iji calcium peroxide dị ka ihe enyemaka na-agbaze nwere ike ibute mmụba nke 10 - 15% na mgbake ọlaedo ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe e ji sishọn mee ochie.

• Barium Peroxide : Barium peroxide nwere ihe pụrụ iche nke inye ntọhapụ oxygen nwayọ nwayọ ma kwụsie ike. Nke a na-eme ka ikuku oxygen gbazee na slurry dị elu mgbe niile ruo ogologo oge. Ọnụego mgbasa ọlaedo na-abawanye n'usoro ka mmụba nke mgbakwunye barium peroxide, ebe oriri cyanide ka kwụsiri ike. Ọ dịkwa mfe ịkwadebe ma tinye ya n'ọrụ n'ọrụ igwu ala bara uru.

2. Na-eche

• Persulfates bụ ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ike. Mgbe agbakwunyere na sistemu leaching cyanide, ha na-akụda ka ha wee mepụta radical sulfate na-arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu. Ndị a radicals nwere ike oxidize ọla edo n'ụzọ dị irè karịa ikuku oxygen, na-eduga n'ịba ụba dị ịrịba ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntanye ọla edo. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, enwere ike ịbawanye ọnụego mgbasa ọla edo ruo okpukpu 8 ma e jiri ya tụnyere ikuku cyanide a na-ahụkarị dị ka isi iyi oxygen.

Nnu ọla dị arọ

1.Lead nnu

• A na-eji nnu lead eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na leaching cyanide. N'ime ores nwere mineral sulfide dị ka pyrite na arsenopyrite, mineral ndị a nwere ike meghachi omume na cyanide na oxygen, na-eri ha ma na-ebelata arụmọrụ nke ịcha ọla edo. Nnụnụ nnu nwere ike ime akwa na-agafe agafe n'elu mineral sulfide, na-egbochi mmeghachi omume ha na cyanide na oxygen. N'otu oge ahụ, ndu nwere ike ịmepụta cell galvanic na ọla edo, na-akwalite mgbasa ọla edo. N'ime osisi cyanide nke Canada, site n'ịgbakwụnye nnu nnu na ịnọgide na-enwe ikuku oxygen gbazere nke ọma, a meriri mmetụta ọjọọ nke mineral sulfide na cyanidation nke ọma, na-ebute mmụba 10-15% na mgbake ọla edo.

2.Mercury na bismuth nnu

• Nnu Mercury na nnu bismuth nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-eme ka cyanide ghara ịpụta ìhè. Dị ka nnu lead, ha nwere ike ịmepụta mkpụrụ ndụ galvanic na ọlaedo, na-eme ka ọnụego mbelata dịkwuo elu. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi nsị nke Mercury na ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke bismuth, ojiji ha dị oke elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere nnu lead. Mana n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ebe ọla ahụ nwere ihe pụrụ iche, a ka nwere ike iwere nnu ndị a dị ka ihe enyemaka mbelata dị irè.

Ndị ọrụ aghụghọ na ndị ọzọ

1. Citric acid

• A pụrụ iji citric acid mee ihe dị ka ihe enyemaka maka iwepụ ọlaedo Cyanide . N'ime ores nwere ion ígwè dị ka ọla kọpa, zinc, iron, ion ndị a nwere ike iri cyanide na oxygen, na-ebelata arụmọrụ nke ịkụ ọlaedo. Citric acid nwere ike ijikọ na ion ígwè ndị a, na-emepụta ihe mgbagwoju anya kwụsiri ike. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ na-emepụta ihe mgbagwoju anya ọla kọpa - citrate. Nke a anaghị ebelata oriri nke cyanide na oxygen site na ion ndị a na-adịghị ọcha kamakwa ọ na-enyere aka ịgbasa mineral gangue, na-eme ka gburugburu ebe obibi ịkụ ọlaedo ka mma. N'ụfọdụ nnwale ụlọ nyocha, itinye citric acid na ngwọta ịkụ cyanide mụbara mgbake ọlaedo site na 5 - 10%.

Ngwakọta 2.Amonia dabeere

• N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, enwere ike iji ogige ndị dabeere na amonia mee ihe dị ka ihe enyemaka leaching, karịsịa na ọla nwere ọla kọpa - mineral gold. Amonia nwere ike ịmepụta ogige nwere ion ọla kọpa, na-ebelata nnyonye anya nke ọla kọpa na cyanide leaching nke ọla edo. Site n'ịgbanwe amonia - cyanide ratio na ngwọta leaching, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịhọrọ agbaze ọla edo mgbe ị na-ebelata mgbasa nke ọla kọpa, nke bara uru maka usoro mgbake ọla edo na-esote.

Ihe Ngwa

1.N'ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo na Australia

• Ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na-edozi ọla edo dị ala, dị elu - sọlfọ. Site n'iji nchikota hydrogen peroxide na nnu nnu mee ihe dị ka ihe na-enye aka n'ịkụnye mmiri, e nwetara ezigbo nkwalite. Ọnụego ntanye ọla edo mụbara site na 8-10% ma e jiri ya tụnyere leaching cyanide ọdịnala. Mgbakwunye nke hydrogen peroxide nyere oxygen ọzọ, na-eme ka oxidation nke ọla edo dịkwuo mma, ebe nnu nnu na-egbochi mmetụta ọjọọ nke mineral sulfide. E belatara oriri Cyanide site na ihe dịka 20%, na-eduga na nchekwa ego dị oke ọnụ.

2.A Chinese Gold Mine na-emekọ ihe na mgbagwoju ọla

• Ọla dị n'ime ogbunigwe a nwere nnukwu ọla kọpa na adịghị ọcha nke ígwè. Site na iji citric acid dị ka ihe enyemaka leaching na usoro cyanide leaching, ọnụego mgbake ọla edo mụbara site na 70% ruo 78%. Citric acid jikọtara ya na ọla kọpa na ion ígwè, na-ebelata nnyonye anya ha na ọla edo - mmeghachi omume cyanide. A na-ebelatakwa oge nlegharị anya ntakịrị, na-eme ka nrụpụta ọrụ nke Ngwuputa na-arụpụta n'ozuzu ya.

Atụmatụ maka ịhọrọ na iji ihe enyemaka leaching

1.Ore Characteristics

• Ngwakọta nke ore ahụ dị oke mkpa n'ịchọpụta ihe enyemaka leaching kwesịrị ekwesị. Maka ọla sọlfọ dị elu, ihe ndị na-eme ka oxidizing dị ka calcium peroxide ma ọ bụ barium peroxide nwere ike ịka mma n'ihi na ọ bụghị nanị na ha nwere ike inye oxygen kamakwa belata mmetụta ọjọọ nke sọlfọ. N'ime ọla ndị nwere nnukwu ion ọla adịghị ọcha, a ga-atụle ihe ndị na-emebi emebi dị ka citric acid ma ọ bụ ogige amonia.

2.Cost - irè

• Ọ dị mkpa ka enyocha ọnụ ahịa ihe enyemaka leaching, gụnyere ọnụ ahịa azụrụ ya, ụgbọ njem na nchekwa ya. Ụfọdụ ihe enyemaka iji leaching, dị ka ụfọdụ nnu bismuth, nwere ike ịdị irè mana ọ dị oke ọnụ. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, nguzozi n'etiti ọnụ ahịa na mmelite nke mgbake ọla edo kwesịrị ka a kụrie ya. Na mgbakwunye, mbelata nke oriri cyanide na oge ịsa ahụ n'ihi iji ihe enyemaka leaching kwesịrị ka etinyere na ọnụ ahịa - nyocha arụmọrụ.

3.Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi

• Ebe ọ bụ na cyanide leaching enweela nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi nsị nke cyanide, nhọrọ nke enyemaka leaching kwesịkwara ịtụle mmetụta ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụfọdụ ihe na-eme ka oxidation nwee ike ịmepụta site na - ngwaahịa ndị kwesịrị ka a gwọọ nke ọma. Ojiji nke nnu mercury , ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị irè n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-ebelata oke nsí ha na ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi.

mmechi

Ihe enyemaka leaching na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmịpụta ọla edo cyanide. Ha nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke usoro ịhịa aka n'ahụ site n'ịbawanye mgbake ọla edo, ibelata oge ntanye, na ibelata oriri cyanide. Site n'ịghọta ụdị ihe enyemaka dị iche iche nke leaching, usoro ha si arụ ọrụ, na otu esi ahọrọ nke kachasị mma dabere na njirimara ọla, ndị na-egwu ọla edo nwere ike ịkwalite ọrụ ha. Dị ka ọchịchọ maka ọla edo na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto, iji ihe enyemaka leaching na cyanide leaching ga-abụ na ọ na-agbasawanye karịa, na-enye aka na omume ngwuputa ọla edo na-adigide na nke ọma.