Ọrụ nke enyemaka Leaching na Mwepụta ọla edo sodium Cyanide

Okwu Mmalite

Cyanide leaching abụwo usoro kachasị na mmịpụta ọla edo n'ihi oke arụmọrụ ya yana ọnụ ala dị ala. Otú ọ dị, usoro ahụ abụghị ihe ịma aka ya, dị ka mkpa maka ogologo oge leaching, dị elu cyanide oriri, na ọnụnọ nke mineral refractory nke nwere ike igbochi mgbasa ọla edo. Nke a bụ ebe Ihe enyemaka leaching bata n'egwuregwu. Ihe enyemaka nke leaching bụ ihe agbakwunyere na ngwọta cyanide leaching iji kwalite mmịpụta ọla edo, na-enye ụzọ dị mma na ọnụ ahịa dị irè maka ngwupụta ọla edo.

Olee otú Leaching Aids si arụ ọrụ

Oxygen agbazere na-abawanye

Otu n'ime ọrụ ndị bụ isi nke ọtụtụ ihe enyemaka ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri bụ ịbawanye ọdịnaya oxygen gbazere na ngwọta cyanide. Maka ọla edo ka ọ gbazee na ngwọta cyanide, a chọrọ oxygen ka ọ bụrụ onye na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe oxidation nke ọla edo na nchikota ya na ion cyanide. N'ọnọdụ nkịtị, ikuku oxygen a na-enye site na ikuku adịghị ezughị oke, nke na-egbochi ọnụego nke ọla edo na-agbaze. Ihe enyemaka na-enye ume dị ka peroxides na persulfates nwere ike ịkụda ma hapụ oxygen, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo elu nke ikuku oxygen gbazere na slurry. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, hydrogen peroxide na-emebi emebi iji nyekwuo ikuku oxygen maka mmeghachi omume n'etiti ọla edo na cyanide.

Ịmepụta mkpụrụ ndụ Galvanic (nnu metal dị arọ)

Ụfọdụ nnu ígwè dị arọ, dị ka nnu nnu, Obi ụtọ nnu, na nnu bismuth, nwere ike rụọ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-enye aka na-egbu egbu site na ịmepụta mkpụrụ ndụ galvanic mpaghara. Mgbe agbakwunyere na cyanide slurry, ọla ndị a dị arọ na-edobe n'elu ụmụ irighiri ọla edo. Nke a na-emepụta ihe dị iche n'etiti ọla edo na ọla dị arọ nke edobere, nke na-eme ka mgbasa ọla edo dị ngwa ngwa. Ọlaedo ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka anode ebe oxidation na-eme, na ígwè dị arọ - ebe mkpuchi na-arụ ọrụ dị ka cathode. Nke a electrochemical-dị ka usoro na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọla edo na-agba ọsọ ọsọ.

Chelation na mwepu adịghị ọcha

Ụfọdụ ihe enyemaka ịcha mmiri nwere ike ijikọ ma ọ bụ wepụ ihe adịghị ọcha dị n'ime igwe nke nwere ike igbochi usoro ntanye cyanide. N'ime ores nwere ion ígwè dị ka ọla kọpa, zinc, ígwè, adịghị ọcha ndị a nwere ike imeghachi omume na cyanide, na-eri ya ma belata ego dị maka mgbasa ọla edo. Ndị na-aghọ aghụghọ n'ime ihe enyemaka ịsa ahụ na-etolite ogige kwụsiri ike na ion adịghị ọcha ndị a, na-ewepụ ha ma gbochie mmeghachi omume ha na cyanide. Ọ bụghị naanị na nke a na-ebelata oriri cyanide kamakwa ọ na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ọla edo - usoro leaching.

Ụdị ihe enyemaka Leaching na ọrụ ha pụrụ iche

Ndị na-achọpụta Oxidizing

1.Peroxides

• nwụrụ peroxide: Hydrogen peroxide bụ otu n'ime ihe enyemaka oxidizing a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Ọ nwere ike ịbawanye ọdịnaya oxygen gbazere na cyanide ngwa ngwa. N'ime ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ịgbakwụnye hydrogen peroxide na sistemu leaching cyanide nwere ike belata oge ịsa ahụ nke ukwuu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ụfọdụ ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo, enwere ike ibelata oge mkpofu ihe ruru 50% mgbe a na-eji hydrogen peroxide mee ihe dị ka ihe enyemaka. Ọ na-enye aka n'ibelata oriri cyanide dị ka oxidation ọla edo na-enye ohere maka iji cyanide rụọ ọrụ nke ọma karị.

• Calcium peroxide: Calcium peroxide bara uru karịsịa na ọla ndị nwere sọlfọ dị elu. Ọ na-agbaji nwayọ karịa hydrogen peroxide, na-enye ntọhapụ oxygen na-adịgide adịgide. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwere ike ibelata ire ere nke cyanide site na sọlfọ - nwere mineral. N'ime ọla ọla kọpa sọlfọ dị elu, iji calcium peroxide dị ka ihe inyeaka nwere ike ime ka mgbake ọla edo dị 10-15% ma e jiri ya tụnyere cyanide leaching.

• Barium peroxide: Barium peroxide nwere ihe pụrụ iche nke inye ntọhapụ oxygen ngwa ngwa na nke kwụsiri ike. Nke a na-eme ka ị nweta ikuku oxygen na-agbaze mgbe niile na slurry ruo ogologo oge. Ọnụego mgbasa ọla edo na-abawanye n'ahịrị site na mmụba na mgbakwunye barium peroxide, ebe oriri cyanide na-anọgide na-akwụsi ike. Ọ dịkwa mfe ịkwadebe na itinye n'ọrụ ngwungwu bara uru.

2. Na-eche

• Persulfates bụ ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ike. Mgbe agbakwunyere na sistemu leaching cyanide, ha na-akụda ka ha wee mepụta radical sulfate na-arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu. Ndị a radicals nwere ike oxidize ọla edo n'ụzọ dị irè karịa ikuku oxygen, na-eduga n'ịba ụba dị ịrịba ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntanye ọla edo. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, enwere ike ịbawanye ọnụego mgbasa ọla edo ruo okpukpu 8 ma e jiri ya tụnyere ikuku cyanide a na-ahụkarị dị ka isi iyi oxygen.

Nnu ọla dị arọ

1.Lead nnu

• A na-eji nnu lead eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na leaching cyanide. N'ime ores nwere mineral sulfide dị ka pyrite na arsenopyrite, mineral ndị a nwere ike meghachi omume na cyanide na oxygen, na-eri ha ma na-ebelata arụmọrụ nke ịcha ọla edo. Nnụnụ nnu nwere ike ime akwa na-agafe agafe n'elu mineral sulfide, na-egbochi mmeghachi omume ha na cyanide na oxygen. N'otu oge ahụ, ndu nwere ike ịmepụta cell galvanic na ọla edo, na-akwalite mgbasa ọla edo. N'ime osisi cyanide nke Canada, site n'ịgbakwụnye nnu nnu na ịnọgide na-enwe ikuku oxygen gbazere nke ọma, a meriri mmetụta ọjọọ nke mineral sulfide na cyanidation nke ọma, na-ebute mmụba 10-15% na mgbake ọla edo.

2.Mercury na bismuth nnu

• Nnụ Mercury na nnu bismuth nwekwara ike rụọ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-eme ngwa ngwa na leaching cyanide. Dị ka nnu nnu, ha nwere ike ịmepụta mkpụrụ ndụ galvanic nwere ọla edo, na-eme ka ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ mmiri dị elu. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na toxicity nke Mercury na ọnụ ahịa bismuth dị oke ọnụ, ngwa ha nwere oke ma e jiri ya tụnyere nnu nnu. Ma n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ kpọmkwem ebe ọla nwere ihe pụrụ iche, nnu ndị a ka nwere ike iwere dị ka ihe enyemaka ịhịa aka n'ahụ dị irè.

Ndị ọrụ aghụghọ na ndị ọzọ

1. Citric acid

• Enwere ike iji citric acid mee ihe dị ka ihe inyeaka n'ime Cyanide gold mmịpụta. N'ime ọla ndị nwere ion ọla dị ka ọla kọpa, zinc, ígwè, ion ndị a nwere ike iri cyanide na oxygen, na-ebelata arụmọrụ nke ịcha ọla edo. Citric acid nwere ike jikọta ya na ion ọla ndị a, na-akpụ ụlọ siri ike. Dị ka ihe atụ, ọ na-emepụta ọla kọpa - citrate complex. Ọ bụghị nanị na nke a na-ebelata oriri cyanide na oxygen site na ion adịghị ọcha, kamakwa ọ na-enye aka n'ịgbasa mineral gangue, na-eme ka gburugburu ebe obibi na-ekpo ọkụ dịkwuo mma. N'ime ụfọdụ nnwale ụlọ nyocha, ịgbakwunye citric acid na cyanide leaching solution mụbara mgbake ọla edo site na 5-10%.

Ngwakọta 2.Amonia dabeere

• N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, enwere ike iji ogige ndị dabeere na amonia mee ihe dị ka ihe enyemaka leaching, karịsịa na ọla nwere ọla kọpa - mineral gold. Amonia nwere ike ịmepụta ogige nwere ion ọla kọpa, na-ebelata nnyonye anya nke ọla kọpa na cyanide leaching nke ọla edo. Site n'ịgbanwe amonia - cyanide ratio na ngwọta leaching, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịhọrọ agbaze ọla edo mgbe ị na-ebelata mgbasa nke ọla kọpa, nke bara uru maka usoro mgbake ọla edo na-esote.

Ihe Ngwa

1.N'ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo na Australia

• Ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na-edozi ọla edo dị ala, dị elu - sọlfọ. Site n'iji nchikota hydrogen peroxide na nnu nnu mee ihe dị ka ihe na-enye aka n'ịkụnye mmiri, e nwetara ezigbo nkwalite. Ọnụego ntanye ọla edo mụbara site na 8-10% ma e jiri ya tụnyere leaching cyanide ọdịnala. Mgbakwunye nke hydrogen peroxide nyere oxygen ọzọ, na-eme ka oxidation nke ọla edo dịkwuo mma, ebe nnu nnu na-egbochi mmetụta ọjọọ nke mineral sulfide. E belatara oriri Cyanide site na ihe dịka 20%, na-eduga na nchekwa ego dị oke ọnụ.

2.A Chinese Gold Mine na-emekọ ihe na mgbagwoju ọla

• Ọla dị n'ime ogbunigwe a nwere nnukwu ọla kọpa na adịghị ọcha nke ígwè. Site na iji citric acid dị ka ihe enyemaka leaching na usoro cyanide leaching, ọnụego mgbake ọla edo mụbara site na 70% ruo 78%. Citric acid jikọtara ya na ọla kọpa na ion ígwè, na-ebelata nnyonye anya ha na ọla edo - mmeghachi omume cyanide. A na-ebelatakwa oge nlegharị anya ntakịrị, na-eme ka nrụpụta ọrụ nke Ngwuputa na-arụpụta n'ozuzu ya.

Atụmatụ maka ịhọrọ na iji ihe enyemaka leaching

1.Ore Characteristics

• Ngwakọta nke ore ahụ dị oke mkpa n'ịchọpụta ihe enyemaka leaching kwesịrị ekwesị. Maka ọla sọlfọ dị elu, ihe ndị na-eme ka oxidizing dị ka calcium peroxide ma ọ bụ barium peroxide nwere ike ịka mma n'ihi na ọ bụghị nanị na ha nwere ike inye oxygen kamakwa belata mmetụta ọjọọ nke sọlfọ. N'ime ọla ndị nwere nnukwu ion ọla adịghị ọcha, a ga-atụle ihe ndị na-emebi emebi dị ka citric acid ma ọ bụ ogige amonia.

2.Cost - irè

• Ọ dị mkpa ka enyocha ọnụ ahịa ihe enyemaka leaching, gụnyere ọnụ ahịa azụrụ ya, ụgbọ njem na nchekwa ya. Ụfọdụ ihe enyemaka iji leaching, dị ka ụfọdụ nnu bismuth, nwere ike ịdị irè mana ọ dị oke ọnụ. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, nguzozi n'etiti ọnụ ahịa na mmelite nke mgbake ọla edo kwesịrị ka a kụrie ya. Na mgbakwunye, mbelata nke oriri cyanide na oge ịsa ahụ n'ihi iji ihe enyemaka leaching kwesịrị ka etinyere na ọnụ ahịa - nyocha arụmọrụ.

3.Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi

• Ebe ọ bụ na leaching cyanide enweelarị ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi nsi nke cyanide, nhọrọ nke enyemaka leaching kwesịkwara ịtụle mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụfọdụ ihe na-enye oxidizing nwere ike imepụta ngwaahịa ndị kwesịrị ka a gwọọ ya nke ọma. Ojiji nke Mercury nnu, n'agbanyeghị na ọ dị irè n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, amachibidoro ya nke ukwuu n'ihi oke nsi ha na ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi.

mmechi

Ihe enyemaka leaching na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmịpụta ọla edo cyanide. Ha nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke usoro ịhịa aka n'ahụ site n'ịbawanye mgbake ọla edo, ibelata oge ntanye, na ibelata oriri cyanide. Site n'ịghọta ụdị ihe enyemaka dị iche iche nke leaching, usoro ha si arụ ọrụ, na otu esi ahọrọ nke kachasị mma dabere na njirimara ọla, ndị na-egwu ọla edo nwere ike ịkwalite ọrụ ha. Dị ka ọchịchọ maka ọla edo na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto, iji ihe enyemaka leaching na cyanide leaching ga-abụ na ọ na-agbasawanye karịa, na-enye aka na omume ngwuputa ọla edo na-adigide na nke ọma.