Ụzọ na usoro maka iwepụ Cyanide na mbara igwe Sulfide

Okwu Mmalite

N'ime usoro ịgbaze na ịgbaze nke ihe ndị na-abụghị ígwè sulfide, a na-ejikarị Cyanide eme ihe iji mee ka ọnụego mgbake ígwè dịkwuo elu. Agbanyeghị, cyanide fọdụrụ n'elu ihe ndị na-adịghị mma anaghị emetụta usoro ndị na-esote kamakwa ọ na-akpata nnukwu nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi. Ya mere, mmepe nke ụzọ dị irè na nke na-adịghị emerụ gburugburu ebe obibi maka iwepụ cyanide n'elu ihe ndị na-adịghị na sulfide dị oke mkpa.

Ọnọdụ dị ugbu a na ihe egwu nke ihe fọdụrụ na Cyanide na mbara igwe Sulfide

Ọnọdụ dị ugbu a

Na usoro flotation ọdịnala nke sulfide ore, a na-eji cyanide eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ihe mgbochi. Ọ nwere ike họrọ igbochi ụfọdụ mineral ndị a na-achọghị na sulfide ores, si otú a na-enweta nkewa nke mineral ndị a na-achọsi ike na mineral gangue. Ma mgbe ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri gasịrị, nnukwu cyanide ga-adaba n'elu sulfide ore. Dị ka nchọpụta dị mkpa, na ụfọdụ concentrators, cyanide ọdịnaya n'elu nke sulfide ore concentrates mgbe flotation nwere ike dị ka ọtụtụ narị milligrams kwa kilogram.

Nsogbu

Site na teknụzụ teknụzụ, cyanide fọdụrụnụ ga-egbochi usoro mgbaze na-esote. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge a na-agbaze ọla kọpa sulfide ore, cyanide ga-emepụta ogige ndị nwere ọla kọpa, na-ebelata arụmọrụ nke ọla kọpa na ịba ụba ike. N'ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi, cyanide bụ ihe na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu. Mgbe a na-ebupụ ọdụdụ mmiri mkpofu nwere cyanide n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ ga-emerụ ahụ mmiri na ala, tinye ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ime mmiri na ahịhịa ndị gbara ya gburugburu n'ihe ize ndụ, na ọbụna na-ebute ahụike mmadụ egwu site n'usoro nri.

Ụzọ maka iwepụ Cyanide na mbara igwe Sulfide

Usoro oxidation

1.Chemical Oxidation Method

• Ụkpụrụ: Jiri ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị ike rụọ ọrụ iji mee ka cyanide ghara ịdị oke njọ ma ọ bụ na-adịghị egbu egbu. Ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO2), wdg. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na iji hydrogen peroxide, usoro mmeghachi omume ya bụ: (2CN+5H2O2 = 2HCO3 + N2↑+4H2O).

• Usoro Ọrụ : Nke mbụ, tinye mkpụrụ osisi sulfide nke nwere cyanide n'ime tankị mmeghachi omume ma gbanwee uru pH nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ ruo n'ókè kwesịrị ekwesị (n'ozuzu, maka oxidation hydrogen peroxide, uru pH kacha mma dị n'etiti 9 - 11). Mgbe ahụ, jiri nwayọ tinye mmiri hydrogen peroxide ka ị na-akpali iji mee ka oxidant ahụ metụ aka nke ọma ma meghachi omume na mkpụrụ osisi ahụ. Oge mmeghachi omume na-abụkarị site na awa 1 - 3, oge a kapịrị ọnụ dabere na mkpokọta cyanide dị na mkpụrụ osisi ahụ na njirimara nke ọla ahụ.

• Uru : Ọsọ mmeghachi omume ahụ dị ngwa ngwa, mmetụta mwepụ nke cyanide dịkwa mma, nke nwere ike ibelata mkpokọta cyanide ruo ọkwa dị ala.

• Ihe ọghọm : Ihe ndị na-eme ka oxidation dị ka hydrogen peroxide dị oke ọnụ, oke oxidants nwekwara ike imetụta usoro ịgbaze ma ọ bụ ịgbaze ihe na-esote.

Usoro mgbasa ozi

Ụzọ mgbasa ozi Carbon arụ ọrụ

• Ụkpụrụ : Carbon a na-arụ ọrụ nwere nnukwu oke elu yana nnukwu oghere dị n'ime ya, nke nwere ike ịmịnye cyanide n'elu ya site na mmịpụta anụ ahụ na nke kemịkalụ.

• Usoro Ọrụ : Tinye Carbon Emelitere na mkpụrụ osisi sulfide nke nwere cyanide ma gwakọta ya nke ọma ka carbon emelitere metụ aka na cyanide dị na mkpụrụ osisi ahụ. Oge a na-etinye ya na-abụkarị nkeji iri atọ ruo awa abụọ. Mgbe a gbasasịrị ya, kewapụ carbon emelitere na mkpụrụ osisi ahụ site na nzacha ma ọ bụ ụzọ ndị ọzọ.

• Uru : Ọrụ a dị mfe, ọ na-enwekwa mmetụta dị mma n'ịbawanye ihe na obere cyanide. Enwere ike imegharị ma jiri carbon arụ ọrụ mee ihe ọzọ.

• Ihe Ọjọọ : Maka nnukwu cyanide, ikike mmịpụta ahụ pere mpe, ọgwụgwọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị nke carbon a na-etinye n'ime ahụ ga-akpata mmetọ nke abụọ.

2.Ion - Exchange Resin Adsorption Method

• Ụkpụrụ : Resin mgbanwe Ion nwere otu ọrụ pụrụ iche nke nwere ike ịgbanwe na ion dị na cyanide, si otú a na-amịkọrọ cyanide na resin ahụ.

• Usoro Ọrụ : Tinye ion - mgbanwe resin n'ime kọlụm mgbanwe ma mee ka sulfide ore pulp nke nwere cyanide gafere kọlụm mgbanwe. Na-achịkwa ọsọ nke pulp iji hụ na cyanide na resin na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ọma. Mgbe resin jupụtara na adsorption, jiri eluent kpọmkwem iji wepụ ma mee ka resin ahụ dịghachi ọhụrụ.

• Uru : O nwere nhọrọ nnabata dị elu maka cyanide ma nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu.

• Ihe Ọjọọ : Ọnụ ahịa resin dị elu, usoro mwepụ ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya, enwere ike ịmepụta mmiri mkpofu nke nwere cyanide.

Ụzọ ndị ọzọ

1.Acid - Isi Nnọpụiche Ụzọ

• Ụkpụrụ : N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, cyanide ga-enweta mmeghachi omume hydrolysis n'ebe acidic ma ọ bụ alkaline dị iji mepụta ihe ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu ma ọ bụ ndị na-anaghị egbu egbu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ọnọdụ acidic, cyanide ga-emeghachi omume na ion hydrogen iji mepụta hydrocyanic acid (HCN), nke enwere ike iwepụ site na volatilization; n'ọnọdụ alkaline, cyanide na-agbanwe iji mepụta cyanate na ihe ndị ọzọ.

• Usoro Ọrụ : Ọ bụrụ na ejiri acid hydrolysis mee ihe, jiri nwayọ tinye ihe ngwọta acid dị ka sulfuric acid dị nro na pulp sulfide ore nke nwere cyanide, gbanwee uru pH ka ọ bụrụ 2 - 4. wee mee ka ikuku dị jụụ iji mee ka hydrocyanic acid emepụtara ghara ịdị mma. Ọ bụrụ na ejiri alkaline hydrolysis mee ihe, tinye ihe alkaline dị ka sodium hydroxide, gbanwee uru pH ka ọ bụrụ 10 - 12. wee meghachi omume maka oge ụfọdụ (n'ozuzu awa 2 - 4).

• Uru : Ọnụ ego ya dị obere, ọrụ ahụ dịkwa mfe.

• Ihe Ọjọọ : Acid hydrocyanic nke a na-emepụta n'oge a na-emepụta acid hydrolysis na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu ma chọọ usoro nchebe siri ike; ọsọ mmeghachi omume alkaline hydrolysis na-adị nwayọ, ọ ka nwere ike ịnwe obere ihe fọdụrụ na cyanide mgbe a gwọchara ya.

Usoro nhazi usoro iji wepụ Cyanide na mbara igwe Sulfide

Usoro ọgwụgwọ mbụ

1. Mgbanwe Pulp : Gbanwee njupụta nke pulp sulfide ore mgbe a kpụchara ya. N'ozuzu, a na-achịkwa njupụta pulp n'etiti 20% - 40% maka ọgwụgwọ ọzọ. N'otu oge ahụ, chọpụta njupụta cyanide mbụ dị na pulp ahụ iji nye ntọala maka ịchọpụta paramita usoro na-esote.

2. Iwepụ ihe na-adịghị ọcha : Wepụ ihe ndị dị oke njọ na ụfọdụ ihe siri ike a kpọchiri akpọchi n'ime pulp site na nzacha, sedimentation, wdg, iji gbochie ha itinye aka na usoro ọgwụgwọ ndị na-esote.

Oge mwepụ

1. Nhọrọ Usoro : Họrọ ụzọ mwepụ kwesịrị ekwesị dabere na ihe ndị dị ka ntinye cyanide na pulp, ihe onwunwe nke ọla, ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ, na ihe achọrọ maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka nnukwu mkpokọta cyanide na ikpe ebe ọnụ ahịa abụghị ihe na-echegbu onwe ya, a pụrụ inye usoro kemịkalụ Oxidation ụzọ mbụ; maka obere mkpokọta cyanide na oge ndị a maara gburugburu ebe obibi, usoro oxidation bayọlọji ma ọ bụ usoro adsorption nwere ike ịdị mma karịa.

2. Njikwa Usoro : Iji hydrogen peroxide oxidation mee ihe n'ụzọ kemịkalụ dịka ọmụmaatụ, chịkwaa oke hydrogen peroxide agbakwunyere (a na-agbakọ ya dịka ntinye cyanide na nha mmeghachi omume si dị), okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume (n'ozuzu 20 - 30℃), uru pH (9 - 11), na ọsọ mkpali (mgbanwe 100 - 300 kwa nkeji) na paramita ndị ọzọ iji hụ na mmeghachi omume dị irè.

Mbipute - ọgwụgwọ Ogbo

1. Nkewa siri ike - Mmiri mmiri : Kewaa pulp ahụ mgbe ewepụsịrị cyanide site na nzacha, centrifugation, wdg iji nweta mkpokọta sulfide ore dị ọcha na mmiri mkpofu nwere obere cyanide.

2. Ọgwụgwọ Mmiri Mkpofu : Jiri nlezianya gwọọ mmiri mkpofu kewapụrụ iche iji mezuo ụkpụrụ mba. Enwere ike iji oxidation nke abụọ, adsorption, na ụzọ ndị ọzọ wepụ cyanide n'ime mmiri mkpofu iji hụ na ọ dịghị ihe ga-egbochi ya ịpụ.

mmechi

Enwere ụzọ dị iche iche iji wepụ cyanide n'elu sulfide ores, na usoro ọ bụla nwere uru na ọghọm ya. N'ime ngwa bara uru, ọ dị mkpa iji nlezianya tụlee ihe ndị dị ka ihe onwunwe ore, ntinye nke cyanide, ụgwọ ọgwụgwọ, na ihe nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi chọrọ iji họrọ ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị na usoro nhazi. Site na mkpa nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike na-aga n'ihu na teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu, mmepe nke teknụzụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnụ ala dị ala maka iwepu cyanide n'elu ala sulfide ga-abụ ntụzịaka nyocha n'ọdịnihu. Site na njikarịcha usoro na-aga n'ihu, a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-enweta efu - mwepu nke cyanide na uru na usoro mgbaze nke sulfide ore na ịkwalite mmepe na-adigide nke ụlọ ọrụ igwe anaghị agba nchara.