Ọnụ ọgụgụ ntinye uche n'oge eji sodium cyanide

Okwu Mmalite

sodium cyanide (NaCN), ihe na-egbu egbu ma dị mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na-ejikarị na mpaghara dị iche iche dịka Ngwuputa ọla edo na electroplating. Njikwa ziri ezi nke oke ịta ahụhụ ya n'oge ngwa dị oke mkpa maka ịhụ na arụmọrụ usoro yana nchekwa. Akụkọ a na-abanye n'ime Oke itinye uche of sodium cyanide n'ụdị dị iche iche ojiji.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ ntinye uche na Ngwuputa ọla edo

Usoro nkuzi Cyanidation

1.Na-akpali tank leaching

• Na kpaliri tank leaching usoro maka gold mmịpụta, ahụkarị ịta nke sodium cyanide na leaching ngwọta dị na nso nke 0.01% - 0.1% (w / v). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ọtụtụ nnukwu - mines ọla edo, mgbe ị na-emeso ore nke nkezi ọdịnaya ọla edo na njirimara mineral kwesịrị ekwesị, a. sodium cyanide A na-ejikarị ịta ihe gburugburu 0.05% eme ihe. Ntinye uche a zuru oke igbari ọla edo site n'ịmepụta ọla edo soluble - cyanide complexes site na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ metụtara ọla edo, sodium cyanide, oxygen na mmiri.

• Ọ dị mkpa ka edobe uche nke ọma n'ime oke a. Ọ bụrụ na itinye uche ya dị oke ala, a ga-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ntanye nke ọla edo nke ukwuu, na-eduga n'oge ntanye ogologo oge yana belata ọnụego mgbake ọla edo. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na ntinye uche dị oke elu, ọ bụghị nanị na-abawanye ọnụ ahịa kamakwa ọ na-ebute nnukwu ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa.

2.N'ime ikpo ọkụ

• Obo leaching bụ usoro ọzọ a na-ahụkarị n'ịgbapụta ọla edo, ọkachasị maka ọla ndị dị obere. Nleba nke sodium cyanide eji na mkpokoro mkpokoro na-adịkarị ala karịa nke a na-eme ka tankị kpalie, na-abụkarị 0.005% - 0.03% (w / v). Ebe ọ bụ na kọntaktị dị n'etiti ore na leaching ngwọta na ikpokọta leaching na-adịtụ mfe ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke na-akpali akpali tank leaching, a ala itinye uche bụ iji malite na. Usoro nkuzi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụfọdụ oghere ọla edo mepere emepe ebe ọkwa ọla dị gburugburu 1 - 3 g/t, enwere ike itinye ntinye sodium cyanide ihe dịka 0.01%.

• Otú ọ dị, ihe ndị dị ka permeability nke obo ọla, ọnụnọ nke mineral ndị ọzọ nwere ike iri cyanide (dị ka ọla kọpa - na-ebu mineral), na ọnọdụ ihu igwe nwere ike imetụta ntinye kachasị mma. Na mpaghara nwere oke mmiri ozuzo, enwere ike ịgbanye ihe ngwọta nke leaching, na-achọ mgbanwe kwesịrị ekwesị nke ntinye sodium cyanide.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ ntinye uche na Electroplating

1.Na ọla kọpa cyanide plating

• Na ọla kọpa cyanide electroplating bath, sodium cyanide na-eje ozi dị ka ihe mgbagwoju anya. Ọnụnọ nke sodium cyanide n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ dị otú ahụ na-adịkarị site na 15 - 60 g / l. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na usoro cyanide electroplating ọla kọpa ọkọlọtọ maka ebumnuche ịchọ mma, ntinye sodium cyanide nwere ike ịdị gburugburu 30 g / L. Ịta ahụhụ a na-enyere aka ịmepụta ọla kọpa kwụsiri ike - ụlọ cyanide, nke dị mkpa maka ntinye otu ọla kọpa na mkpụrụ. Ọla kọpa - cyanide complexes na-ekewa na cathode, na-ekwe ka ions ọla kọpa belata ma debe ya.

• Ọ bụrụ na ntinye sodium cyanide dị oke ala, nkwụsi ike nke ọla kọpa - cyanide complex na-ebelata, na-eduga na ntinye na-enweghị isi na ndị na-adịghị mma - mkpuchi dị mma. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na ntinye uche dị oke elu, ọ nwere ike ime ka mgbagwoju anya dị ukwuu, na-ebute nkwụsịtụ nwayọọ nwayọọ na nsogbu ndị nwere ike ime na ntinye nke mkpuchi.

2.Na Gold Electroplating

• Na electroplating ọla edo, sodium cyanide na-ejikwa ion ọla edo dị mgbagwoju anya. Ịta nke sodium cyanide na ọla edo electroplating bath nwere ike ịdị iche iche dabere na kpọmkwem usoro chọrọ. N'ihi na mkpa-ihe nkiri gold electroplating, sodium cyanide ịta nwere ike ịbụ na nso nke 5-20 g/L. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ebe achọrọ nkwụnye ego ọla edo buru ibu, enwere ike gbanwee ntinye ya elu, mana n'ozuzu ọ gaghị agafe 50 g / l.

• Nchikota nke sodium cyanide na ọla edo electroplating na-emetụta ọnụego ntinye ego, ịdị ọcha nke nkwụnye ego ọla edo, na ọdịdị nke oyi akwa. A chọrọ nguzozi kwesịrị ekwesị iji nweta nsonaazụ electroplating chọrọ, dị ka mkpuchi ọla edo na-egbuke egbuke, dị nro na nke na-ejikọta ya.

Ihe na-emetụta oke ntinye uche

1.Nature nke ore ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ

• N'ịgbapụta ọla edo, ihe mejupụtara ọla na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịchọpụta mkpokọta sodium cyanide. Ore nwere nnukwu ọdịnaya nke ọla kọpa, zinc, ma ọ bụ ọla ndị ọzọ nwere ike iri cyanide n'oge usoro ịsa ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọla kọpa nwere ike meghachi omume na cyanide iji mepụta ọla kọpa - cyanide complexes, si otú a na-ebelata ọnụọgụ cyanide n'efu maka mgbasa ọla edo. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú a, enwere ike ịchọrọ ntinye mbụ nke sodium cyanide iji hụ na cyanide zuru ezu maka mmịpụta ọla edo.

• Na electroplating, ụdị mkpụrụ osisi na-emetụtakwa mkpokọta sodium cyanide. Ọla dị iche iche nwere kemịkalụ elu dị iche iche, ụfọdụ mkpụrụ nwere ike ịchọ ka a na-akpachapụ anya nke cyanide - nwere bat iji nweta ezigbo nrapado na ịdị mma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ị na-agbanye na ụfọdụ alloys, ọ ga-adị mkpa ka ọ dị elu nke sodium cyanide iji kwalite nguzobe nke njikọ kwụsiri ike n'etiti oyi akwa akwa na mkpụrụ.

Ọnọdụ 2.Process

• Okpomọkụ na pH bụ ọnọdụ usoro dị mkpa na-emetụta oke ntinye uche. Na cyanidation leaching nke ọla edo, a na-edobe pH ntakịrị alkaline (nke na-adịkarị gburugburu 9 - 11) iji gbochie nguzobe nke hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN). pH nwere ike imetụta dissociation nke sodium cyanide na nkwụsi ike nke metal - cyanide complexes. Okpomọkụ dị elu nwere ike ịbawanye ọnụego mmeghachi omume na ma ncha ọla edo na electroplating, mana ọ nwekwara ike bute ụbara oriri cyanide. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, okpomoku dị elu nwere ike ịchọ mbelata na mbido sodium cyanide mbụ iji zere mgbagwoju anya ma ọ bụ oke mmeghachi omume.

• Ọnụnọ nke ikuku oxygen na-emetụtakwa oke ịta ahụhụ, karịsịa na ịcha ọla edo. A chọrọ oxygen maka oxidation nke ọla edo iji mepụta ọla edo soluble - cyanide complexes. Nleba oxygen gbazere na ngwọta leaching kwesịrị ịdị na nha kwesịrị ekwesị yana ntinye sodium cyanide. Enweghị ikuku oxygen na-ezughị ezu nwere ike ibelata ọnụego ntanye, ebe oke ikuku oxygen nwere ike ime ka oxidation nke cyanide ghara ịdị irè.

Nchekwa nchekwa gbasara itinye uche

1. Ihe ize ndụ toxicity

• Sodium cyanide na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, na ọbụna obere mgbanwe na ntinye uche nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị ịrịba ama maka nchekwa. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke sodium cyanide na gburugburu ebe ọrụ na-abawanye ohere nke ikpughe na gas hydrogen cyanide na-egbu egbu, nke enwere ike ịhapụ mgbe sodium cyanide na-emeghachi omume na acid ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ pH ụfọdụ. Ndị ọrụ ga-enwerịrị akụrụngwa nchedo onwe ha kwesịrị ekwesị, gụnyere gas - suut siri ike, ihe iku ume, na uwe aka, mgbe ha na-eji mkpokọta sodium cyanide na-edozi ihe ngwọta.

• N'ihe gbasara mwụfu ma ọ bụ ntapu na mberede, ntinye nke sodium cyanide na ngwọta wụfuru na-ekpebi oke ihe ize ndụ nwere ike. Atụmatụ nzaghachi mberede kwesịrị ịdị n'ọnọdụ, yana nkwụsị ma ọ bụ njide kwesịrị ekwesị kwesịrị ime ozugbo. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ọ bụrụ na a na-agbapụta ihe ngwọta sodium cyanide dị elu, a ga-achọ nnukwu ego nke onye na-ahụ maka nkwụsịtụ (dị ka isi ike iji dozie pH ma gbochie nhazi nke HCN).

2.Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi

• A na-ahazi mkpokọta sodium cyanide n'ime mmiri mkpofu nke ewepụtara na usoro mmepụta ihe. Ịta sodium cyanide dị elu n'ime mmiri mkpofu nwere ike imebi ndụ mmiri na gburugburu ebe obibi. Usoro ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị, dị ka oxidation kemịkalụ (iji ụzọ dị ka usoro chlorination alkaline) iji gbanwee cyanide ka ọ bụrụ ụdị na-egbu egbu, dị mkpa. Enwere ike imetụta arụmọrụ nke ụzọ ọgwụgwọ ndị a site na ntinye mbụ nke sodium cyanide na mmiri mkpofu. Mmiri mkpofu dị elu nwere ike ịchọ usoro ọgwụgwọ karịa ma ọ bụ kemịkalụ ọgwụgwọ buru ibu iji mezuo ụkpụrụ mwepụ gburugburu ebe obibi.

mmechi

Ọnụ ọgụgụ ntinye nke sodium cyanide na ngwa ya, karịsịa na ngwuputa ọla edo na electroplating, ejiri nlezianya kpebisie ike dabere n'ọtụtụ ihe. Ihe ndị a gụnyere ọdịdị nke ihe ndị a na-edozi, ọnọdụ nhazi, na nchekwa na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Ijikwa nke ọma nke mkpokọta sodium cyanide dị mkpa maka ịrụ ọrụ usoro kachasị mma, hụ na nchekwa ndị ọrụ na ibelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eji sodium cyanide ga-aga n'ihu na-enyocha ma mezie oke ịta ahụhụ iji mezuo ihe achọrọ nke usoro dị iche iche ma na-agbaso ụkpụrụ nchekwa na gburugburu ebe obibi.