Mmetụta nke ịdịkọ ọnụ nke Sodium Cyanide na Sodium Chloride na Leaching

1. Okwu Mmalite

N'ihe gbasara ọrụ igwe, ọkachasị n'iwepụta ọla dị oke ọnụ ahịa dịka ọlaedo na ọlaọcha, usoro cyanide leaching na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa. A na-eji sodium cyanide (NaCN) eme ihe nke ukwuu n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ịgbaze ọlaedo na ọlaọcha site na ọla. Agbanyeghị, n'ọtụtụ ahụ ọla, ihe dị iche iche na-adị n'otu, sodium chloride (NaCl) bụkwa otu n'ime nnu ndị a na-ahụkarị. Ịghọta mmetụta nke ịdị n'otu nke (NaCN) na (NaCl) na usoro leaching dị oke mkpa maka ime ka arụmọrụ mwepụta dịkwuo mma, belata ọnụ ahịa, na ibelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi. Isiokwu a na-achọ inyocha okwu a nke ọma.

2. Ọrụ Sodium Cyanide na Leaching

2.1 Usoro mmeghachi omume Chemical

N'oge usoro leaching cyanide, ion cyanide na-ekere òkè dị mkpa n'ịmepụta ogige ndị nwere soluble nwere atom ọla edo na ọlaọcha. Oxygen dịkwa mkpa ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe, na-eme ka oxidation nke ọla edo na ọlaọcha na-akwalite mgbasa ha na ngwọta cyanide. Mmekọrịta kemịkal a na-enyere aka ịwepụta ọla ndị a dị oké ọnụ ahịa site na ọla.

2.2 Ihe na-emetụta arụmọrụ Sodium Cyanide na Leaching

• Ntinye nke Sodium Cyanide : Ntinye nke sodium cyanide na-emetụta oke mbelata nke ihe na-amịpụta. N'echiche, a chọrọ oke Sodium Cyanide kpọmkwem iji gbazee ụfọdụ ọla edo dabere na mmeghachi omume electrochemical. Agbanyeghị, n'omume, oriri nke Sodium cyanide na-adịkarị elu karịa oke echiche. N'ime usoro dịka Carbon - in - Pulp (CIP) na Carbon - in - Leach (CIL), a na-anọgide na-enwe njupụta sodium cyanide n'ime oke akọwapụtara. Maka ihe ndị dị mgbagwoju anya ma ọ bụ ndị nwere oke adịghị ọcha dị elu, ọ nwere ike ịdị mkpa ka a mụbaa njupụta ahụ dịka o kwesịrị.

• Ọkwa pH : Sodium cyanide na-amịkọrọ mmiri n'ime mmiri, na-emepụta hydrocyanic acid, gas na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu. Ogo hydrolysis dabere na pH nke mmiri ahụ. Iji belata mfu cyanide site na hydrolysis ma hụ na ngwọta cyanide kwụsiri ike, a na-edebe pH n'ime oke alkaline ụfọdụ na osisi CIP ọlaedo. Gburugburu pH a na-emetụtakwa mkpokọta sodium cyanide kacha mma maka ịcha ọlaedo nke ọma.

• Ngụkọta Oxygen Agbazere : Oxygen dị oke mkpa maka ịgbaze ọlaedo na ọlaọcha na mmiri cyanide. Mmeghachi omume ahụ chọrọ ma ion cyanide na oxygen. Oke ike ịgbaze oxygen na okpomọkụ ụlọ na nrụgide dị oke. Ọ bụrụ na ntinye oxygen agbazere na slurry dị obere, ọ nwere ike igbochi ọnụego mgbaze nke ọlaedo na ọlaọcha. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, enwere ike iji usoro dịka itinye ikuku n'ime slurry ma ọ bụ itinye hydrogen peroxide mee ka ntinye oxygen dịkwuo elu. Oke oxygen na cyanide dị oke mkpa; enweghị nha nha nwere ike ibute mbelata na ọnụego mmiri.

3. Mmetụta Sodium Chloride na Usoro Leaching

3.1 Mmetụta na gburugburu Chemical

• Ike Ionic na Ọnụọgụ Ọrụ : Mgbe sodium chloride dị na mmiri ...

• Asọmpi Maka Ebe Mmeghachi Omume : Iọn chloride nwere ike ịsọ mpi na ion cyanide maka ebe mmeghachi omume n'elu ihe ndị mejupụtara ọla. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọ bụrụ na mkpokọta ion chloride dị elu nke ọma, ha nwere ike ịmịkọrọ n'elu ihe ndị mejupụtara ọlaedo ma ọ bụ ọlaọcha, na-egbochi ion cyanide ịnweta ma si otú a na-ebelata arụmọrụ mwepụta. Agbanyeghị, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọnụnọ nke ion chloride nwekwara ike inwe mmetụta dị mma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ụfọdụ ores nwere mineral ọla kọpa, ion chloride nwere ike ịmepụta ihe mgbagwoju anya na ọla kọpa, na-ebelata oriri nke cyanide site na ọla kọpa ma nwee ike ime ka mbelata nke ọlaedo na ọlaọcha ka mma.

3.2 Mmetụta na Leaching nke Associated Metals

• Ọla kọpa - Nwere Ores : N'ime ores nwere nnukwu ọla kọpa, mineral ọla kọpa na-emeghachi omume nke ọma na sodium cyanide, na-eri nnukwu cyanide. Ọnụnọ nke sodium chloride nwere ike imetụta mmeghachi omume a. Ion chloride nwere ike ịmepụta mgbagwoju anya na ọla kọpa, ihe mgbagwoju anya ndị a nwekwara ike inwe nkwụsi ike dị iche iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere copper - cyanide complexes. Ọ bụrụ na a na-ahọrọ nhazi nke copper - chloride complexes, ọ nwere ike ibelata ọnụọgụ cyanide nke ọla kọpa na-eri, na-ahapụ ọtụtụ cyanide maka ịcha ọlaedo na ọlaọcha.

• Ọla Ndị Ọzọ : Sodium chloride nwekwara ike ịkpakọrịta na ọla ndị ọzọ dị na ọla ahụ, dịka zinc, lead, na iron. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ion chloride nwere ike ime ka ụfọdụ zinc na lead gwakọta dịkwuo mma, nke nwere ike imetụta omume ha n'oge usoro ntapu na mmetụta ha na cyanide leaching nke ọlaedo na ọlaọcha. N'ihe gbasara ígwè, ọnụnọ nke ion chloride nwere ike imetụta nhazi na nkwụsi ike nke ígwè - nke nwere ihe ndị na-emepụta ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị mgbagwoju anya, nke nwere ike ịkwalite ma ọ bụ gbochie usoro ntapu dabere na ọnọdụ ndị akọwapụtara.

4. Mmetụta jikọtara ọnụ nke Sodium Cyanide na Sodium Chloride na Leaching

4.1 Mmetụta mmekọrịta ma ọ bụ mmegide

• Mmetụta Mmekọrịta : N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọnụnọ nke sodium cyanide na sodium chloride nwere ike inwe mmetụta bara uru, ma ọ bụ synergistic, na usoro mwepụta. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụfọdụ ọla edo na-adịghị eguzogide, itinye oke sodium chloride kwesịrị ekwesị nwere ike ime ka nhazi nke ọla ahụ dịkwuo mma, na-enye ohere ka ion cyanide banye n'ụzọ dị mfe ma meghachi omume na obere ọla edo. Nke a nwere ike ibute mmụba na ọnụego mwepụ ọlaedo. Na mgbakwunye, dịka ekwuru na mbụ, na ọla ndị nwere mineral ọla kọpa, nhazi nke copper - chloride complexes site na sodium chloride nwere ike ibelata oriri cyanide site na copper, nke bara uru maka mwepụ cyanide nke ọlaedo na ọlaọcha, na-egosi mmetụta synergistic.

• Mmetụta Mgbochi : Agbanyeghị, e nwekwara ọnọdụ ebe sodium cyanide na sodium chloride nwere mmetụta ndị megidere onwe ha, ma ọ bụ ndị na-emegide onwe ha. Oke ion chloride nwere ike ịsọ mpi na ion cyanide maka elu nke ihe ndị dị n'ọlaedo na ọlaọcha, yana imebi nguzozi kemịkalụ nke mmeghachi omume leaching cyanide, na-ebute mbelata na arụmọrụ leaching. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụrụ na ọnụnọ nke sodium chloride na-akpata ịmepụta ụfọdụ ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya kpuchie elu nke ihe ndị dị n'ala, ọ nwere ike igbochi ion cyanide ịbanye na ọla ndị bara uru, na-ebelatakwa ọnụego leaching.

4.2 Kachasị mma nke usoro nkuzi n'ebe ha abụọ nọ

• Mgbanwe nke Mgbakwunye Reagent : Ọ bụrụ na sodium cyanide na sodium chloride dị, ọ dị mkpa ka e mee ka ha dịkwuo mma. Nke a chọrọ nyocha zuru ezu nke ihe mejupụtara ọla ahụ. Maka ọla nwere nnukwu ọdịnaya nke ọla ndị nwere ike imeghachi omume na cyanide, dị ka ọla kọpa, a pụrụ ịtụle mmụba kwesịrị ekwesị na mkpokọta sodium chloride iji belata oriri cyanide. N'otu oge ahụ, a ga-agbanwe mkpokọta sodium cyanide dịka mmetụta n'ezie si dị iji hụ na a na-ewepụ ọlaedo na ọlaọcha nke ọma.

• Njikwa Ọnọdụ Usoro : Na mgbakwunye na mkpokọta ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime mmiri dị n'ime mmiri, a kwesịkwara ijikwa ọnọdụ usoro ndị ọzọ dịka pH, okpomọkụ, na ikuku. A ghaghị idobe uru pH n'ime oke kwesịrị ekwesị iji hụ na ngwọta cyanide kwụsiri ike na irè nke mmeghachi omume mmiri, na-eburu n'uche mmetụta nke ma sodium cyanide na sodium chloride. Okpomọkụ nke ngwọta ahụ dịkwa mkpa. Ọ bụ ezie na enwere okpomọkụ kachasị mma maka ịgbaze ọlaedo na ngwọta cyanide, n'ihu sodium chloride, mmetụta nke okpomọkụ na usoro mmiri nwere ike ịgbanwe, ọ dịkwa mkpa ịchọta okpomọkụ kachasị mma site na nyocha nnwale. Aeration zuru oke dị oke mkpa iji hụ na ikuku oxygen zuru oke maka mmeghachi omume mmiri, ọnụnọ nke sodium chloride nwekwara ike imetụta ịgbaze na nkesa oxygen na ngwọta ahụ, nke a ga-atụle.

5. Nnyocha ikpe na nsonaazụ nnwale

5.1 Ọmụmụ ihe 1: ọla edo - ọla ọcha nwere ọdịnaya ọla kọpa dị elu

N'ime nkwụnye ego ọla edo - ọla ọcha nwere nnukwu ọla kọpa, ịhịa aka n'ahụ nke ọdịnala na-eji naanị sodium cyanide butere ọnụ ahịa ntapu ọla edo dị ala n'ihi nri cyanide dị ukwuu site na ọla kọpa. Mgbe agbakwunyere sodium chloride n'ime usoro leaching n'otu ebe ma gbanwee ntinye sodium cyanide, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntanye ọla edo mụbara. Nnyocha ahụ gosipụtara na mgbakwunye nke sodium chloride mere ka e guzobe ọla kọpa - chloride complexes, na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ cyanide nke ọla kọpa na-eri ma si otú a na-abawanye ohere cyanide maka ịcha ọla edo.

5.2 Ihe omumu nke 2: ọla edo na-atụgharị

Maka ọla ọla edo na-emegharị emegharị, leaching cyanide mbụ na-enweghị sodium chloride nwetara ọnụego ntanye ọla edo dị ala. Mgbe agbakwunyere sodium chloride na ntinye uche dị iche iche ma na-eme ka ntinye nke cyanide na ọnọdụ usoro ndị ọzọ dịkwuo mma, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntanye ọla edo mụbara. Nleba anya n'ile anya nke irighiri ihe ore gosiri na mgbakwunye nke sodium chloride na-eme ka nhazi nke ihe owuwu nke ore dịkwuo mma, na-ekwe ka ion cyanide rute uru ọla edo nke ọma, si otú ahụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma.

6. Ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa

6.1 Nsi nke Cyanide

Cyanide bụ ihe na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu. Ntọhapụ ọ bụla nke cyanide - nwere ihe ngwọta n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu nsonaazụ maka ndụ mmiri, ogo ala na ahụike mmadụ. Mgbe sodium chloride na sodium cyanide na-ebikọ ọnụ na usoro ịhịa aka n'ahụ, ọ dị mkpa iji hụ na njikwa na ọgwụgwọ nke cyanide nwere ihe mkpofu ka na-eme ya n'ụzọ doro anya na ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọnụnọ nke sodium chloride nwere ike imetụta omume cyanide na usoro ọgwụgwọ mkpofu, dị ka n'ụzọ ndị e ji ebibie cyanide dị ka alkaline chlorination ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ ndu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụbara ike ionic nke sodium chloride kpatara nwere ike imetụta ọnụego mmeghachi omume na arụmọrụ nke ụzọ ọgwụgwọ ndị a.

6.2 Nchekwa na njikwa

Ma sodium cyanide na sodium chloride kwesịrị ka ejiri nlezianya mee ya. Sodium cyanide na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu ma na-achọ usoro nchekwa siri ike n'oge nchekwa, njem, na ojiji. Sodium chloride, n'agbanyeghị na ọ dị obere ihe ize ndụ, ka nwere ike ibute ihe egwu dị ka corrosion na akụrụngwa yana mmetụta nwere ike na gburugburu ebe ọrụ ma ọ bụrụ na ejighị ya nke ọma. N'ime ọrụ ntanye ebe a na-eji ha abụọ eme ihe, ọ dị mkpa ka a zụọ ndị ọrụ ka ha na-edozi kemịkalụ ndị a n'enweghị nsogbu, yana akụrụngwa nchekwa na usoro kwesịrị ekwesị kwesịrị ịdị n'ọnọdụ iji gbochie ihe mberede ma hụ na ịdị mma nke ndị ọrụ.

7. Mmechi

Ịdị n'otu nke sodium cyanide na sodium chloride n'ime usoro nsị nwere mmetụta dị mgbagwoju anya na mmịpụta nke ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa. Sodium chloride nwere ike imetụta gburugburu kemịkalụ nke ngwọta leaching, na-emekọrịta ihe na ọla ndị metụtara ya, ma nwee mmetụta synergistic na mmegide na sodium cyanide. Ịghọta mmetụta ndị a dị mkpa maka ịkwalite usoro ịhịa aka n'ahụ. Site n'ịgbanwe nhazi reagent, ịchịkwa ọnọdụ usoro, yana ịtụle ihe nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa, ọ ga-ekwe omume nweta mmịpụta ọla edo, ọla ọcha na ọla ndị ọzọ bara uru karị. A ka na-achọkwu nyocha na nyocha nnwale iji chọpụta n'ụzọ zuru ezu ikike nke usoro njikọ a dị n'okpuru ụdị ọla dị iche iche na ọnọdụ nhazi, na-achọ ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na-emeziwanye teknụzụ mmịpụta nke ụlọ ọrụ metallurgical.