Te Tangohanga Koura Cyanidation: He Arotahi ki te Tukanga Cyanidation Percolation

Kupu Whakataki

He nui te uara o te koura i roto i te hītori o te tangata, ehara i te mea mō tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā whakapaipai anake, engari mō ngā momo ahumahi pērā i te hikohiko, te niho, me te rererangi. He tukanga uaua te tango koura mai i ōna konganuku, ko te cyanidation tētahi o ngā tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ko te tango koura cyanidation ko te whakamahi i ngā otinga cyanide hei whakarewa i te koura mai i te konganuku. Ka whai hua tēnei tukanga nā te mea he kaha te koura ki te hanga i ngā matatini pumau me ngā iona cyanide. Ka ruku hohonu tēnei tuhinga ki roto i te tukanga cyanidation, me te aro nui ki te tikanga Percolation Cyanidation.

Te Maramatanga ki te Tangohanga Koura Cyanidation

Te Tikanga o te Cyanidation

Ko te kaupapa matua o te cyanidation i ahu mai i te tauhohenga o te koura me te cyanide i te aroaro o te hāora. Ina pa ana te koura ki te wairewa cyanide me te watea o te hāora, ka puta he tauhohenga matū. Na roto i tenei tauhohenga, ka waikurahia te koura ka hanga he matatini whakarewa. He mahi nui nga katote cyanide i roto i tenei mahi ma te here ki nga katote koura, ka memeha i roto i te otinga. Ko tenei whakarewatanga ka taea te wehe i te koura mai i te matrix ore, koinei te taahiraa tuatahi ki te tango koura mai i te kora mata.

Tukatuka Whānui o te Cyanidation

Ko te tukanga cyanidation he maha nga waahanga matua:

1. Te Whakarite i te Kohatu : Ka kuruhia te kohatu, ka hurihia kia rite ki te rahi o te matūriki. He mea nui tēnei mahi nā te mea ka nui ake te horahanga o te mata o te kohatu, ka pai ake te pa atu ki te wairewa cyanide. Tērā pea ka uru atu ki te tukanga he maha ngā wāhanga o te kuru me te huri hei whakatutuki i te matotoru e hiahiatia ana.

2. Te Whakarewatanga o te Cyanide : I muri i te whakaritenga o te konganuku, ka whakarewaina ki te wairewa cyanide. He rerekē ngā tikanga whakarewatanga, e rua ngā momo matua ko te whakaoho cyanidation me te percolation cyanidation. I roto i te whakaoho cyanidation, ka konatunatua te konganuku ki te wairewa cyanide i roto i ngā tāke whakaoho. Ko te percolation cyanidation, koinei te kaupapa matua o tēnei tuhinga, e pā ana ki te whakarewatanga o te wairewa cyanide mā roto i te moenga konganuku.

3. Te Wehewehenga o te Wairewa E Pupuri ana i te Koura : Kia oti te tukanga tango, me wehe te otinga e pupuri ana i te koura mai i te toenga totoka. Ka taea tēnei mā roto i ngā tikanga pēnei i te tātari, te whakapūpū rānei.

4. Te Whakaora i te Koura : Whai muri i te wehenga o te wairewa e mau ana te koura, ka whakamahia ngā tikanga maha hei whakaora i te koura mai i roto. Ko ngā tikanga noa ko te whakapūmau konutea, ka tāpirihia te konutea ki te wairewa hei tango i te koura mai i te matatini, ka hanga he matūriki koura totoka. Ko tētahi atu tikanga ko te mimiti waro whakahohe , ka whakamahia te waro whakahohe hei mimiti i te matatini koura mai i te wairewa, ka tukatukahia anō kia whiwhi koura parakore.

Te Tukatuka Whakakotahitanga Percolation

Me pehea te Mahi a Percolation Cyanidation

Ko te cyanidation percolation he tukanga ka tukuna he wairewa cyanide waimeha ki te kuhu ki roto i te moenga o te koha kuru, whakahiato ranei. I te nuinga o te wa ka tuuhia te ore ki roto i te ipu nui, penei i te poka wairewa, he puranga ranei. Ka tohatohahia te wairewa cyanide ki runga i te mata o te moenga kohatu, katahi ka heke ata ki raro i roto i te ore na te kaha o te kaha. I te wa e haere ana te otinga i roto i te ore, ka tauhohe te cyanide ki te koura kei roto i te ore, ka hanga he koura whakarewa - cyanide complex. Ka kohia tenei matatini ki raro o te ipu.

Nga Waahanga Matua me nga Waahanga i roto i te Whakakotahitanga Cyanidation

1. Te Whakaritenga o te Kohatu mō te Whakatōtōtanga Cyanidation :

• Te Kuru me te Tātari : Ka kuruhia te konganuku ki te rahi matūriki matotoru, i te nuinga o te wā i waenga i te torutoru henimita ki te torutoru mirimita. Ko te tikanga o tēnei kia nui ngā āputa i roto i te moenga konganuku kia uru ai te wairewa cyanide. I muri i te kuru, ka taea te tātari i te konganuku hei tango i ngā matūriki nunui rawa.

• Whakakotahitanga (Whiringa) : I ētahi wā, inā koa mō ngā konganuku he nui te uku, ngā rauemi angiangi rānei, me whakakotahitanga pea. Ko te whakakotahitanga ko te tāpiri i tētahi mea here, pērā i te sima, te raima rānei, ki te konganuku, ka whakaranua ki te wai. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te hanga i ngā matūriki nui ake, pumau ake, ka whakapai ake i te urunga o te moenga konganuku, ā, ka ārai i te aukati o ngā pūwero i te wā e whakauru ana.

2. Te Whakatakotoranga Horoi :

• Te Whakarewa i ngā Ipu, te Whakarewa Puranga rānei :

• Ngā Ipu Whakarewa : Mō ngā mahi iti ake, mō ngā konganuku teitei ake rānei, he mea noa te whakamahi i ngā ipu whakarewa. He ipu nui ēnei, he mea whakarārangi, hei wāhi e whakatakotoria ai te konganuku. He raro rūpahu kei ngā ipu, e taea ai e te wairewa cyanide te kohi i raro i te moenga konganuku me te kore e kawe i ngā matūriki totoka. Ka whakaurua te wairewa cyanide ki te tihi o te ipu, mā te pūnaha rehu, mā te ringihia noa rānei ki runga i te konganuku.

• Te Whakarewa Puranga : He pai ake te whakarewa puranga mō ngā mahi nui me ngā konganuku iti te kounga. I roto i te whakarewa puranga, ka purangahia te konganuku ki runga i tētahi arai kore e uru ki te wai i runga i te whenua. Ka taea e te puranga te tino nui, i ētahi wā ka kapi i ētahi heketea. Ka tohatohahia te otinga cyanide ki runga i te puranga mā te whakamahi i tētahi whatunga o ngā pūwero wai, ngā pūnaha whakamakuku maturuturu rānei.

• Te Whakarite i te Wairewa Cyanide : Ko te otinga cyanide e whakamahia ana i roto i te cyanidation percolation he otinga whakaranu o te Sodium Cyanide , te potassium cyanide rānei, me te kukū i te nuinga o te wā kei roto i te awhe o te 0.01% - 0.1% mā te taumaha. Tērā pea kei roto i te otinga ētahi atu tāpiri, pērā i te raima, hei whakatika i te pH o te otinga. He mea nui te pupuri i te pH tika, nā te mea ka pā ki te pumau o te cyanide me te tere o te whakarewatanga koura. Ko te pH tino pai mō te cyanidation he 10 - 11 te nuinga o te wā.

3. Te Whakatō me te Whakarewa :

• Te Tohatoha Otinga : Ka tohatohahia te otinga cyanide kia ōrite ki runga i te mata o te papa o te kohatu. Mō ngā oko horoi, ka taea tēnei mā te whakamahi i tētahi paipa poka, i tētahi pūnaha pupuhi rehu rānei. Mō te horoi puranga, ka whakarite ngā pūweru, ngā pūnaha whakamakuku maturuturu rānei kia tae te otinga ki ngā wāhanga katoa o te puranga.

• Te Wā Whakarewa : Ka rerekē te wā whakarewa i roto i te whakapūtanga cyanidation i runga i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te momo o te kōhatu, te rahi o te matūriki, me te kukū o te wairewa cyanide. I te nuinga o te wā, ka roa pea mai i ētahi rā ki ētahi wiki. I roto i tēnei wā, ka rere tonu te wairewa cyanide mā roto i te kōhatu, ka tauhohe ki te koura, ka whakarewa.

• Te Aroturuki me te Whakahaere : I roto i te tukanga horoi, he mea nui kia aroturukihia ngā tawhā maha. Kei roto i tēnei ko te tirotiro auau i te pH o te otinga, te kukū o te cyanide i roto i te otinga, me te nui o te koura i rewa i roto i te otinga. Ka tangohia ngā tauira o te otinga i ngā wā auau, ā, ka tātarihia i roto i te taiwhanga. Ka taea te whakarerekē i te pH, i te kukū cyanide rānei mēnā e tika ana hei whakapai ake i te tukanga horoi.

4. Te Kohikohi me te Maimoatanga o te Wairewa Hapū :

• Kohikohinga : Ko te wai e mau ana i te koura, e mōhiotia ana ko te wai hapu, ka kohia i te raro o te oko horoi, mai i te pūnaha waikeri rānei i te horoinga puranga. I roto i ngā oko horoi, ka tangohia te wai hapu mā roto i tētahi takirere kei raro o te raro rūpahu. I roto i te horoinga puranga, ka kohia te wai ki roto i ngā puna wai, i ngā roto rānei kei te pūtake o te puranga.

• Maimoatanga : Kia kohia, ka rongoatia te wai whakapūmau hei whakahoki mai i te koura. E ai ki te kōrero i mua ake nei, ko ngā tikanga noa ko te whakapūmau konutea me te mimiti waro whakahohe. I roto i te whakapūmau konutea, ka tāpirihia te puehu konutea, ngā kongakonga konutea rānei ki te wai whakapūmau. Ka tauhohe te konutea ki te matatini koura-cyanide, ka nekehia te koura, ka hanga he matūriki koura totoka, ka taea te tātari me te tukatuka anō. I roto i te mimiti waro whakahohe, ka tukuna te otinga whakapūmau mā roto i tētahi pou kua whakakiia ki te waro whakahohe. Ka mimitihia te matatini koura-cyanide ki runga i te mata o te waro, kātahi ka tangohia te waro mai i te pou ka tukatukahia hei tango i te koura.

Nga Painga me nga Kinotanga o te Percolation Cyanidation

painga

1. Te Whai Hua mō ngā Kohatu Iti te Kounga : He tino whai hua te whakapūtanga cyanidation, inā koa te tango puranga, mō te rongoā i ngā kohatu koura iti te kounga. Nā te mea he tino māmā te tukanga, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he huri nui me ngā taputapu utu nui mō te tukatuka kohatu pai, he pai te āhua o te ōhanga mō ngā kohatu kāore e whai hua ki te tukatuka mā te whakamahi i ētahi atu tikanga uaua ake.

2. Te Pūtea Iti me ngā Utu Whakahaere : Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu tikanga tango koura, pērā i te whakaoho cyanidation e hiahia ana ki ngā tāke whakaoho nui, utu nui me te nui o te pūngao e pau ana mō te whakaranu, he iti ake ngā utu whakapaipai mō te whakakī cyanidation. He iti ake te utu o ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana, pērā i ngā oko horoi, ngā rauemi hanga puranga noa rānei. Hei tāpiri, he iti ake hoki ngā utu whakahaere nā te mea he iti ake te pūngao e pau ana, ā, he iti ake te mahi e hiahiatia ana mō te mahi o ia rā.

3. Ngā Painga Taiao (Whakatairanga) : Mō ngā pānga ki te taiao, tera pea he painga o te cyanidation percolation. Hei tauira, i roto i te tango puranga, kāore te konganuku e hurihia kia nui, ka whakaiti i te whakaputanga o te puehu pai. Waihoki, mā te whakamahi i ngā oko tango kua whakarārangihia, i ngā whakarārangi puranga rānei ka āwhina i te aukati i te turuturu o ngā wairewa kei roto te cyanide ki te taiao. Heoi, me mōhio kei te tino paitini tonu te cyanide, ā, he mea nui tonu te whakahaere tika i te taiao.

4. Tukanga Māmā : He tino māmā te tukanga whakapūkara, ā, he ngāwari ki te mārama me te whakahaere. Nā tēnei ka taea e ngā mahi keri iti me te iti o te tohungatanga hangarau te urutau.

huakore

1. Te Tere Whakarewa Puhoi : Ko tētahi o ngā ngoikoretanga nui o te whakapūtanga cyanidation ko te tere whakapūtanga puhoi. Ki te whakatauritea ki te whakakorikori cyanidation, e whakaranua tonutia ana te konganuku ki te otinga cyanide, ka whakawhirinaki te tukanga whakapūtanga ki te nekehanga puhoi o te otinga i roto i te moenga konganuku. Ka roa ake pea te wā whakapūtanga, kāore pea i te pai mō ngā mahi e hiahia ana kia nui te tere o te mahi, kia tere rānei te hurihanga.

2. He iti te whakaora koura i ētahi wā : Ko te tere whakaora koura i roto i te cyanidation percolation he iti iho pea i ērā atu tikanga, inā koa mō ngā konganuku he matatini te ako i ngā mineralogi. Mena ka horapa pai te koura, ka mau rānei ki roto i ētahi atu konganuku, kāore pea e taea e te otinga cyanide te uru atu ki ngā matūriki koura katoa, ka iti ake te tere whakaora.

3. Te Paitini o te Cyanide : He matū tino paitini te Cyanide, ā, he nui ngā tūponotanga mō te taiao me te haumaru o tōna whakamahinga i roto i te cyanidation. Ka pā kino pea te turuturu, te whakahaere hē rānei i ngā wairewa kei roto te cyanide ki te taiao me te hauora o te tangata. Me whai i ngā tikanga haumaru me ngā ture taiao kia iti ake ai ēnei tūponotanga.

4. Te Tairongo ki ngā Āhuatanga o te Kohatu : Ko te angitu o te whakapūtanga cyanidation e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga o te kohatu. Hei tauira, ko ngā kohatu he nui te uku, ka raru pea te urunga o te moenga kohatu, ka kore e pai te rere o te wairewa me te kore e whai hua te tango. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā kohatu kei roto ētahi kohatu ka taea te tauhohe ki te cyanide, pērā i ngā kohatu kei roto he parahi, ka taea te kai i te cyanide ka whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te tukanga tango.

Whakataurite ki etahi atu Tikanga Tango Koura

Whakataurite ki te Agitation Cyanidation

1. Te Whai Hua o te Whakarewa : Ko te tikanga, he nui ake te whai huatanga o te whakarewa i te cyanidation i te cyanidation percolation. I roto i te whakarewa cyanidation, mā te whakaranu tonu i te konganuku me te wai cyanide ka pai ake te hononga i waenga i te rua, ka tere ake te memeha o te koura. Ka taea e tēnei te arahi ki te wā whakarewa poto ake me te tere whakaora koura teitei ake, inā koa mō ngā konganuku he nui te koura, he matatini rānei ngā mineralogi.

2. Ngā Taputapu me te Utu : Ko te whakakorikori i te cyanidation me whai taputapu uaua ake, utu nui ake hoki, tae atu ki ngā tāke whakakorikori nui, ngā motuka kaha mō te whakaranu, me ngā pūnaha papu paru matatau. Ka hua ake tēnei he utu whakapaipai nui ake. He rerekē, ko te whakakorikori i te cyanidation me whai taputapu māmā ake, pērā i ngā oko horoi, i ngā rauemi hanga puranga taketake rānei, kia pai ake ai te utu mō te haumitanga whakapaipai. Heoi, kāore pea e teitei ake ngā utu whakahaere o te whakakorikori i te cyanidation, nā te mea ko ngā wā horoi poto ake ka whakakore i te nui ake o te whakapaunga pūngao mō te whakaranu.

3. Te Whai Hua mō ngā Momo Kohatu : He pai ake te whakakorikori i te cyanidation mō ngā kohatu e hiahia ana kia huri pai me te tukatuka kaha, pērā i ngā kohatu koura whai kiko i te sulfide. I tētahi atu taha, he pai ake te whakakorikori percolation mō ngā kohatu iti-kounga, kua waikurahia ka taea te tukatuka i roto i te āhua matotoru.

Whakataurite ki nga Tikanga Tango Koura Kore - Cyanide

1. Pānga Taiao : Ko ngā tikanga tango koura kore-cyanide, pērā i te tango thiourea, te tango koiora rānei, e kiia ana he pai ake te taiao nā te mea kāore e whakamahia he cyanide tino paitini. Heoi, he wero taiao anō hoki ō ēnei tikanga. Hei tauira, ka kino pea te thiourea ki te taiao mena kāore e whakahaerea tika, ā, ko te tango koiora pea me whai tikanga taiao motuhake me ngā wā tukatuka roa ake. Ahakoa te whakamahi i te cyanide, ka taea te whakahaere i te tangohanga percolation i runga i te tikanga e tika ana mō te taiao mā te pupuri me te maimoatanga tika o ngā otinga kei roto he cyanide.

2. Te Utu me te Whai Hua : Tērā pea he nui ake ngā utu mō ngā matū, ngā whakapaunga pūngao rānei mō ngā tikanga kore-cyanide. Hei tauira, he nui ake te utu o te thiourea i te cyanide, ā, ko te tango-koiora me whai ahurea moroiti motuhake me ngā āhuatanga taiao e whakahaeretia ana, ka piki ake ai ngā utu. Mō te whai huatanga, ko te cyanidation, tae atu ki te percolation cyanidation, he nui ake te tere whakaora koura i ētahi tikanga kore-cyanide, inā koa mō ngā konganuku koura tuku iho.

Opaniraa

He tikanga nui te whakahiatotanga o te cyanidation i roto i te ahumahi tango koura, ina koa mo te maimoatanga o nga oka koura iti me te waikura. Ko te ngawari, te utu iti, me te pai mo etahi momo oka, he mea nui te mahi. Heoi ano, ko te kore o ona ngoikoretanga, penei i te puhoi o te reeti, te kaha o te whakaora koura iti, me nga tupono taiao me te haumaru e pa ana ki te whakamahi cyanide. I te tipu haere tonu o te umanga maina, kei te kaha te mahi ki te whakapai ake i te mahi whakakoi i te cyanidation percolation, penei i te pai ake o te tohu ore, te arotautanga o nga tawhā tukanga, me te whakawhanaketanga o nga huarahi whaihua me te pai o te taiao ki te whakahaere i te cyanide. I tua atu, kei te haere tonu te rangahau mo etahi atu tikanga tango koura ka taea te whakakore i nga here o te cyanidation. Ahakoa enei wero, ka whai waahi nui te cyanidation percolation ki te mahi koura mo nga ra kei mua, ina koa ki nga rohe he nui nga rawa koura iti.