Nga Tukatuka Whakaputa Hou o te konutai Cyanide

1. Kupu Whakataki

He matū nui te konutai cyanide (NaCN) e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi maha, pērā i te keri koura, te whakakikorua hiko, me te hanga matū. Kei te whanake tonu ngā tukanga whakaputa o te konutai cyanide hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga, hei whakaiti i ngā utu, hei whakarei ake hoki i te atawhai taiao. Ka whakaatuhia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi o ngā tukanga whakaputa hou o te konutai cyanide.

2. Ammonia - Tikanga Konutai

2.1 Tikanga Tukatuka

I roto i te tikanga haukini - konutai, ka tāpirihia tuatahitia te konutai whakarewa me te kōka hinu ki tētahi tauhohenga i roto i tētahi ōwehenga. Kātahi ka whakanuia te pāmahana ki te 650 °C, ā, ka whakaurua te hau haukini. I te whakanuia tonutia o te pāmahana ki te 800 °C, ka puta he tauhohenga mō te wā e 7 hāora, ā, i taua wā ka huri katoatia te konutai whakarewa hei konutai cyanide . Whai muri i tēnā, ka tātarihia ngā matū tauhohenga ki te pāmahana 650 °C hei tango i te kōka hinu taikaha. Kātahi ka tukuna te hua rewa ka maka ki te āhua e hiahiatia ana hei whiwhi i ngā hua konutai cyanide.

2.2 Nga Painga me nga Huakore

• Ngā Painga : He tino māmā te kaupapa tauhohenga o tēnei tukanga, ā, he mea noa ngā rauemi mata o te konutai me te haukini i roto i te umanga matū.

• Ngā Huakore : He nui te kaha e pau ana i ngā āhuatanga tauhohenga pāmahana teitei. Waihoki, he tūponotanga haumaru te whakamahinga o te konutai whakarewa nā te mea he nui tōna tauhohenga.

3. Tikanga Whakarewa Cyanide

3.1 Tikanga Tukatuka

Ka taapirihia te rewanga cyanide me te waikura mata ki te tank tangohanga. Ko te ōwehenga o te rewa cyanide ki te waikura mata he (500 - 700):1. Ko te taapiri o te waikura mata hei awhina i te whakawhanaungatanga ma te hanga i te wai whakangao mata. Ko te wai tangohanga ka tukuna kia noho, ka puta ko te wai maramara he 80 - 90 g/L o NaCN. I roto i te kaihanga, ka tauhohe tenei wai ki te waikawa pungatara kaha ki te whakaputa hau hauwai hauwai. Whai muri i te whakamaaramatanga hei tango wai, ka uru te hau hauwai hauwai ki roto i te reactor absorption ka tauhohe ki te wai kawakore (wairewa konutai wairewa) ki te hanga konutai cyanide.

3.2 Nga Painga me nga Huakore

• Ngā Painga : Ka taea e tēnei tukanga te tango i ngā poke whanariki mā te tāpiri i te waikura mata, he mea whai hua mō te whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua whakamutunga.

• Ngā Huakore : Mā te whakamahinga o te waikura mata ka ara ake pea ngā raruraru parahanga taiao e pā ana ki te mata. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā mahi o te tukanga pēnei i te tango, te tauhohenga, me te mimiti, ka nui ake te uaua o te mahi.

4. Tukanga Andrussow (Tikanga Anshig)

4.1 Tikanga Tukatuka

Ka whakamahia e te tukanga Andrussow te hau māori, te haukini, me te hau hei rauemi mata. Tuatahi, ka horoia te hau māori i roto i te pourewa horoi wai hei tango i te whanariki kore-waro me tetahi wāhanga o te whanariki waro. Whai muri i te tātari, me ≤1 mg/m³ te ihirangi whanariki o te hau māori kua whakapaia, ā, me iti iho i te 2% te ihirangi o te hauwai Waro i runga ake i te C₂. Ka mimitihia te haukini wai i roto i te mīhini mimiti, ā, ka tātarihia te hau mā te tātari. Kātahi ka whakaranua ngā rauemi mata e toru ki roto i te mīhini whakaranu i te ōwehenga o te haukini:methane:hau = 1:(1.15 - 1.17):(6.70 - 6.80). Ka tomo te hau whakaranu ki tētahi tauhohenga whakahāngai me te konukōre konukōre - rhodium hei whakakorikori. I te pāmahana o te 1070 - 1120 °C, ka puta he tauhohenga hei whakaputa i tētahi hau whakaranu kei roto ko te 8.5% te hauwai cyanide.

Ka whakamataohia te hau, ka uru ki roto i te haukini - pourewa absorption, kei reira nga toenga haukini ka ngohia e te waikawa pungatara. Whai muri i tera, ka whakamataohia e te wai, ka ngongohia te hauwai hauwai e te wai mahana iti. Ka tukuna te hau hiku i muri i te horoinga e te pourewa horoi alkali. Ko te wairewa hauwai hauwai ka uruhia e te wai he wera - ka whakawhitia ka uru ki roto i te pourewa whakaheke. I te tihi o te pourewa desorption, ka whiwhihia te hauwai hauwai me te 98% ma. Ka tauhohe tenei hauwai hauwai ki te wairewa kawakore ki te hanga i te wairewa konutai cyanide, ka mahia ano ma te whakaetonga, te whakamaroketanga, te whakamaroke me te hanga kia whiwhi ai i te hua konutai cyanide whakamutunga.

4.2 Nga Painga me nga Huakore

• Ngā Painga : I ngā rohe he nui ngā rauemi hau māori, he iti noa te utu o ngā rauemi mata. Kua tino pakari te tukanga i roto i ngā tono ahumahi, ā, ka nui pea te tauine whakaputa.

• Ngā Huakore : I ngā wāhi kāore he rauemi hau māori, e pāngia ana e ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te korenga o te hau māori, ngā kaupapa here, me ngā utu, ka rerekē pea te utu whakaputa. Ko ngā āhuatanga tauhohenga pāmahana teitei e hiahia ana ki ngā taputapu ātete pāmahana teitei, ā, he nui te pūngao e pau ana.

5. Tukanga mura

5.1 Tikanga Tukatuka

Ka whakamahia te hau maori, te hāora me te haukini hei rauemi mata. Ko enei hau e toru ka tohua motuhake hei tango i nga poke ka uru ki roto i te whakaranu i muri i te whakapumautanga me te mita. Ko tetahi waahanga o te hāora ka whakamahia hei hāora matua ki te kuhu ki te whakaranu, ko tetahi atu waahanga ka whangai tika ki te puha mo te mura. Ka whakakotahihia nga rawa mata e toru ki tetahi ohanga, ka uru ki te tauhohenga ngingiha ki te whakahiato hauwai hauwai i te mahana o te 1500 °C.

Ka tineia te hau tauhohenga ma te rehu wai ka whakamatao ki roto i te whakamatao. Ka uru ki roto i te haukinia - pourewa absorption, kei reira te toenga o te haukini i roto i te hau tauhohenga ka ngohia e te 15% - 20% te waikawa pungatara, ka taea te whakahoki mai i te haukinia ngawha. Ko te hau tauhohenga kei roto te hauwai hauwai ka whakamataohia e te wai, ka uru ki te wai mahana iti hei hanga i te wairewa hauwai hauwai 1.5%. Ka whakamarohia tenei otinga ki roto i te pourewa whakamaarama kia whiwhi hauwai hauwai me te 98% - 99%. Ka mutu, ka uruhia e te wairewa alkali, a, i muri i te whakaetonga, te whakamaroke, te whakamaroke, me te hanga, ka whiwhi te hua konutai cyanide.

5.2 Nga Painga me nga Huakore

• Ngā Painga : Ka taea e tēnei tukanga te whakatutuki i te hanga hauwai cyanide tino parakore. Mā te whakahokinga mai o te ammonium sulfate hei hua taha ka puta mai ētahi painga ōhanga.

• Ngā Huakore : He nui te kaha e hiahiatia ana hei whakauru i te tauhohenga mura i te pāmahana teitei. Kei roto hoki i te tukanga ngā mahi uaua pēnei i te whakaranu hau, te tahu, te tinei, me te mimiti, e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere tukanga taumata teitei.

6. Tikanga Pyrolysis Hinu Maama

6.1 Tikanga Tukatuka

Ko te hinu mama me te haukini ka konatunatua ki roto i te miihini ngota i tetahi ohanga ka whakamahana i mua ki te 280 °C. Ka uru te ranunga ki roto i te oumu pewa hiko mo te tauhohenga pyrolysis. Ka whakamahia te tiihi hinu hei kaikawe, ka whakamahia te hauota hei hau whakamarumaru hei aukati i te hāoratanga i roto i te taiao kati. I te mahana o te 1450 °C, ka puta he tauhohenga ki te whakaputa hau hauwai hauwai. Ko te hau ka pehu - ka tangohia, ka whakamataohia, ka tukatukahia ano ma te tango i te haukinia, te horoi wai, te whakauru, me te whakamaarama kia whiwhi ai i te hauwai hauwai parakore. Ka mutu, ka tauhohe te hauwai hauwai ki te wairewa kawakore (konutai waikawa) hei hanga konutai cyanide.

6.2 Nga Painga me nga Huakore

• Ngā Painga : Kua tino pakari te hangarau tukatuka. Ka taea te whakamahi i te hinu māmā, he rauemi mata e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga hinu matū.

• Ngā Huakore : He uaua ki te tango i te whanariki me te tango i te hauwai cyanide i roto i ngā poke. He nui te kaha e pau ana i tēnei hua, ā, he uaua te tukatuka i ngā "para e toru" (hau para, wai para, me te toenga para). He nui te utu whakaputa.

7. Acrylonitrile Na - Tikanga Hua

7.1 Tikanga Tukatuka

I roto i te tukanga o te hanga acrylonitrile ma te ammoxidation o te propylene, ka puta te hau hau hauwai cyanide hei hua - hua (he rite te nui ki te 4% - 10% o te hanga acrylonitrile). Ko te hau kei roto i te hauwai hauwai ka ngohia e te wairewa alkali. I muri i te whakaetonga, te kukū, te wehenga, me te whakamaroke, ka whiwhi te hua konutai cyanide.

7.2 Nga Painga me nga Huakore

• Ngā Painga : He tukanga whakamahi hua taha tēnei, e taea ai te whakamahi katoa i ngā rauemi me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa ki tētahi taumata.

• Ngā Huakore : Ka herea te hanga o te konutai cyanide e te tauine hanga o te acrylonitrile. Tērā pea ka pāngia te kounga o te hua taha o te hauwai cyanide e te tukanga hanga matua o te acrylonitrile, e hiahia ana kia tino tirotirohia me te purea.

8. Methanol Ammoxidation Tikanga

8.1 Tikanga Tukatuka

Ka haere te hau i roto i te tātari me te whakamahana o mua ka uru ki roto i te oumu tauhohenga. Ka ngongo te haukini wai, ka whakaeto te mewaro. Ka uru ki roto i te whakamahana i mua i te whakaranu katahi ka tauhohe ki te hau i roto i te oumu tauhohenga. I raro i te mahi a te whakakōkī i te nuinga o te Fe - Mo oxide, ka puta te tauhohenga hauwai hauwai. Ka kuhu te hau hauwai hauwai ki roto i te pourewa de-ammonia ki te tango haukini katahi ka whiwhi hauwai hauwai. Ka mutu, ka ngohia e te wairewa kawakore ki te whakarite konutai cyanide.

8.2 Nga Painga me nga Huakore

• Ngā Painga : He mea noa te whakamahi i te methanol me te haukini hei rauemi mata, ā, ka taea te hangarua me te whakamahi anō i te whakakorikori ki tētahi taumata. Ka taea te whakarerekē i te tukanga kia rite ki ngā hiahia whakaputa.

• Ngā Huakore : He tairongo te whakakōkī ki ngā āhuatanga tauhohenga, ā, ko ngā panonitanga iti o te pāmahana, te pēhanga, me te ōwehenga o ngā rauemi mata ka pā ki te mahi me te whiriwhiringa o te whakakōkī, ka pā ki te hua me te kounga o te hua.

9. Whakamutunga

Ko nga tukanga whakaputa o te konutai cyanide kei ia tangata o raatau ake ahuatanga. Ko te kowhiringa o nga mahi whakangao ka whakawhirinaki ki nga ahuatanga rereke penei i te waatea o nga rawa, te utu, nga whakaritenga taiao, me te tauine whakaputa. Na te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau, ka puta pea nga tikanga whakangao hou a meake nei, ko te whai kia pai ake te pai me te mahi taiao o te hanga konutai cyanide. I te mea kei te tipu haere tonu te tono mo te konutai cyanide i roto i nga umanga rereke, ko te arotautanga me te mahi auaha o nga mahi whakangao ka whai waahi nui ki te whakatutuki i nga hiahia o te maakete i te wa e whakarite ana i te whanaketanga taumau.