Nga Whakatakotoranga Taunoa me nga Tauari Whakamahinga o te Sodium Cyanide

Kupu Whakataki

He matū te konutai cyanide (NaCN) e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi, ahakoa tōna āhua tino paitini. He totoka mā, he rite ki te tioata, he tino wairewa ki te wai. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuatanga noa o te konutai cyanide me ōna whakamahinga rerekē puta noa i ngā ahumahi rerekē.

Nga Whakariterite noa

Nga Taumata Maama

• 98% Te Parakore : He momo e wātea ana i te mākete. Mō te Konutai Cyanide totoka , i tēnei taumata parakore, ko te wāhanga matua, ko te Konutai cyanide (NaCN), me noho ki te iti rawa o te 98.0%. Haunga tēnei, ko ētahi atu tawhā pēnei i te ihirangi NaOH me ≤0.3%, Na₂CO₃ ≤0.2%, makuku ≤0.2%, me te mea kāore e wairewa i te wai ≤0.01%. He pai tēnei momo mō te whānuitanga o ngā tono ahumahi e hiahiatia ana he taumata parakore teitei engari kāore i te tino tika. Hei tauira, i roto i ētahi tukanga horoi whakarewa, ka taea e tēnei konutai cyanide parakore 98% te tango pai i ngā waikura mata me ngā poke.

• 99% Te Ma : Hei tohu i tētahi taumata teitei ake, ko te konutai cyanide totoka me te 99% te ma he paearu tino pakari ake. Me ≥99.0% te ihirangi NaCN, me ≤0.5% te makuku, me kore e rewa te mea i roto i te wai ≤0.01%, me ≤0.01% te cyanide, me ≤0.20% te chloride, me ≤0.07% te sulfate. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei taumata ma teitei ake i roto i ngā tono ka taea e te aroaro o ngā poke te whakararuraru i ngā tauhohenga matū. I roto i te hanga o ētahi otinga whakakikoruatanga hiko kounga teitei, ka āwhina te konutai cyanide parakore 99% ki te whakatutuki i tētahi paninga whakarewa ōrite ake, kounga teitei ake.

Puka-tinana

• Totoka : Kei te wātea te konutai cyanide i roto i te āhua totoka, ka taea te hanga i te āhua poraka, i ngā matūriki tioata, i te paura rānei. He pai ake ngā āhua totoka mō te ngāwari o te penapena me te kawe i ngā tawhiti roa. He iti ake te tūponotanga o te turuturu o te āhua totoka i te wā e kawe ana, ki te whakaritea ki te āhua wai. He maha ngā wā ka tākaihia ki roto i ngā putea hiri rua i roto i te pouaka rakau, ko te taumaha he tata ki te 1 tana. He whānui te whakamahinga o te konutai cyanide totoka i roto i te umanga keri mō te tango koura. Ko ngā pereki, he 98% te parakore, ā, he mā te āhua, he rite ki ngā pereki waro, ā, he watea mō te whakahaere i roto i ngā mahi keri nui.

• Wai : Ahakoa he iti ake te kitea o te konutai cyanide wai nā ngā uauatanga o te kawe me te rokiroki, kei te wātea hoki. Ko te kukū noa mō te konutai cyanide wai e whakamahia ana i roto i ētahi tono he 30%. I roto i tēnei āhua, me ≥30.0% te ihirangi NaCN, me NaOH ≤1.0%, Na₂CO₃ ≤1.0%, NaCl ≤0.027%, me NaCOOH ≤0.60%, me te uara APHA (he ine tae) ≤100. Ka whakamahia te konutai cyanide wai i roto i ētahi tukanga ahumahi e hiahiatia ana he āhua matū ōrite ake, ngāwari ake te horapa, pērā i roto i ētahi tikanga tango keri motuhake.

Scenario Tono

Ahumahi Ahuwhenua

• Te Tango Koura me te Konganuku Utu Nui : He nui te whakamahinga o te konutai cyanide i roto i te keri koura me ētahi atu konganuku utu nui. Ko tēnei tukanga, e mōhiotia ana ko te tango cyanide, ko te cyanidation koura rānei, ka whakamahia te kaha o te koura (I) ki te cyanide. I te aroaro o te hau (hāora) me te wai, ka waikura, ka rewa te konganuku koura, ka hanga he cyanide koura (koura konutai cyanide rānei) me te konutai hauwaiwai. Ka taea te whakaatu i te tauhohenga matū penei: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH. Ka taea te tukatuka i ngā konganuku iti-te-kounga mā te whakamahi i tēnei tikanga, ā, he huarahi utu-pai ki te tango koura. Ko te momo totoka o te konutai cyanide, inā koa ko ngā pereki parakore 98%, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mahi keri nui nā te ngāwari o te whakahaere me te kukū teitei o te matū hohe.

Ahumahi Ahumahi

• Te Hanganga o ngā Nitrile : Ko te konutai cyanide he rauemi tīmatanga nui mō te hanganga o ngā nitrile. Ko te katote cyanide (CN⁻) i roto i te konutai cyanide he mahi hei nucleophile, e tuku ana i te takirua irahiko hei hanga hononga matū. He wāhanga nui ngā nitrile i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā matū me ngā rongoā. Hei tauira, ko te acrylonitrile, e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga muka hangai pēnei i te acrylic me te hanga kirihou, ka taea te hanga mā te whakamahi i te konutai cyanide hei takawaenga matua.

• Te Hanga Waikawa Hydrocyanic me Ētahi Atu Cyanide : Ka whakamahia hei hanga waikawa hydrocyanic (HCN), he matū mua mō ētahi atu matū matū. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia te sodium cyanide hei hanga i ngā momo cyanide inorganic pērā i te potassium cyanide (KCN), te cyanuric chloride, me te cyanogen chloride. Ka kitea ngā tono o ēnei Cyanide i roto i ngā ahumahi rerekē, mai i te whakakikorua hiko ki te hanga matū.

Tukatuka whakarewa

• Te Horoi Konganuku : Ka whakamahia te konutai cyanide hei kaihoroi konganuku. Ka taea e ia te tango pai i ngā waikura mata me te paru mai i ngā konganuku, ka whakapai ake i te kounga o te mata o te konganuku. He mea nui tēnei i roto i ngā tukanga e hiahiatia ana he mata konganuku ma mō ngā maimoatanga o muri mai pēnei i te peita, te paninga, te whakapiripiri rānei. Nā te kaha o te konutai cyanide ki te tauhohe ki ngā waikura konganuku me te whakarewa i a rātou, he mea whai hua tēnei hei whakarite i te mata konganuku.

• Te Whakakikorua Hiko : I roto i te whakakikorua hiko, ka whakamahia te konutai cyanide hei hanga i ngā otinga whakakikorua hiko. Ka āwhina i te whakatakoto i tētahi paparanga angiangi o te konganuku ki runga i tētahi papa, ka whakapai ake i te āhua, te ātete ki te waikura, me te ātete ki te kakahu o te mea. Hei tauira, i roto i te whakakikorua hiriwa, ka whakamahia te konutai cyanide i roto i te kaukau whakakikorua hei whakahaere i te whakatakoto ōrite o ngā katote hiriwa ki runga i te mea e whakakikoruatia ana. He mea nui te parakore o te konutai cyanide, inā koa te taumata 99%, i roto i te whakakikorua hiko kia pai ai te kounga me te ōrite o te paninga konganuku.

Ahumahi Huutai

• Waenga i roto i te Hanga Rongoā : Ka taea te whakamahi i te konutai cyanide hei takawaenga i roto i te hanga o ētahi rongoā. Hei tauira, i roto i te hanga o ētahi rongoā mamae (whakamamae mamae) me ngā rongoā ārai-haurangi, ka uru te konutai cyanide ki ngā tauhohenga matū e hanga ana i ngā poraka hanga matua o ēnei rongoā. Heoi, nā te tino paitini, ka whaihia ngā tikanga haumaru tino pakari i te wā e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga rongoā.

Ētahi atu tono

• I roto i te hanga tae : Ka whakamahia te konutai cyanide i roto i te hanga tae. Ka whai wāhi atu ki ngā tauhohenga matū e āwhina ana ki te hanga i ngā chromophores (te wāhanga o te ngota e homai ana te tae) i roto i ngā tae. Ko ngā momo tae rerekē, pērā i ērā e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga kakahu, ka hiahiatia pea te konutai cyanide i roto i tā rātou tukanga hanga.

• Hei patu kiore (ahakoa he iti ake te kitea) : I ngā wā o mua, kua whakamahia te konutai cyanide hei patu kiore. Heoi, nā te tino paitini ki ngā rauropi kāore i te whāia me te tangata, me te kaha pea ki te poke i te taiao, kua tino whakaitihia tōna whakamahinga hei patu kiore.

Ngā Whakaaturanga Haumaru

He mea nui kia mohio he tino paitini te konutai cyanide. Ka mate pea mena ka ngongohia, ka horomia ki te kiri, ka horomia ranei. Ahakoa he iti, iti iho i te 5 mg/kg te taumaha tinana mo te tangata 70 - kg, ka mate. Ina pa ana ki te hau makuku, ki te wai ranei, ka puta te hauwai hauwai hauwai, ka mura, me te paitini. No reira, me whai i nga tikanga haumaru i te wa e whakahaere ana, e penapena ana, e kawe ana i te konutai cyanide. Ko nga kaimahi o nga umanga e whakamahi ana i te konutai cyanide me whakawhiwhia ki nga taputapu whakamarumaru whaiaro e tika ana, me nga punaha whakangao hau tika hei aukati i te hanga o nga hau paitini.

Opaniraa

Ko te konutai cyanide, ahakoa te nui o te paitini, ka whai waahi nui ki roto i nga umanga maha na ona ahuatanga matū ahurei. Ko nga korero noa o te 98% me te 99% te ma i roto i nga ahua totoka me te wai e whakatutuki ana i nga whakaritenga ahumahi rereke. Mai i te keri konganuku utu nui ki te whakahiato matū me nga rongoa, he rereke nga tono. Heoi, ko nga raru e pa ana ki te whakatinana i nga tikanga haumaru me te tiaki i te taiao hei whakarite i te oranga o nga kaimahi me te taiao.