Te Taatari mo te Mahi Catalytic o te Sodium Cyanide i roto i te Ahumahi Petrochemical

Kupu Whakataki

Ko te konutai cyanide (NaCN), he matū kore-waro nui, he nui ngā pānga whakaterenga i roto i te Ahumahi Petrochemical nā ōna āhuatanga matū ahurei. Nā tōna kaha kawakore, tōna kaha taunga, me tōna nucleophilicity, he mea nui hei whakaterenga, hei tāpiringa rānei i roto i ngā tauhohenga matū maha. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga tōna tūranga i roto i te ahumahi petroleum mai i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te Tikanga Whakaterenga , ngā mara tono, me te haumaru.

I. Hangaia Catalytic o te konutai Cyanide

1.Whakaahua o nga Matatini Whakaata

He tino kaha te kaha o te katote CN⁻ ki te whakarite, ā, ka taea e ia te hanga i ngā matatini pumau me ngā konganuku whakawhiti (pēnei i te Ni, Co, Fe, me ētahi atu). Ka taea e ēnei matatini te whakahohe i ngā ngota matū i roto i ngā tauhohenga whakatere me te whakaiti i te kaha whakahohe o te tauhohenga. Hei tauira, i roto i te hydrocyanation o ngā olefins, ka taea e te whakatere i hangaia e te Sodium Cyanide me ngā tote nickel te whakatairanga pai i te tauhohenga tāpiri o ngā olefins me te HCN hei whakaputa i te Matū Nitrile.

2.Nucleophilic Catalysis

Hei turanga kaha, ka taea e te konutai cyanide te whakarato i te CN⁻ hei matū whai-pūngao hei whai wāhi ki ngā tauhohenga whakakapinga, tāpiritanga rānei o te nucleophilic. Hei tauira, i roto i te cyanidation o ngā hauwaiwai halogenated, ka whakakapia e te CN⁻ te halogen hei hanga i ngā pūhui nitrile, he ara nui tēnei mō te hanga i ngā nitrile waro.

3.Whakaritenga o te Taiao Alkaline

Ko te konutai cyanide ka whakawaiwai ki te whakaputa NaOH me te HCN, ka taea te whakarite i te uara pH o te punaha tauhohenga me te whakatairanga i etahi tauhohenga whakangao waikawa-papa (pēnei i te hauwai, te hauhautanga ranei o nga hākawa).

II. Nga Tono Tikanga i roto i te Ahumahi Petrochemical

1.Te Whakakotahitanga o nga Puhui Nitrile

• Te Hanganga o te Acrylonitrile : I roto i te tukanga o te whakakōkī o te propylene hei hanga i te acrylonitrile, ka taea te whakamahi i te Sodium cyanide hei tāpiri whakakorikori hei whakapai ake i te whiriwhiringa me te hua o te tauhohenga.

• Te Hanganga o te Adiponitrile : Mā te tauhohenga hydrocyanation o te 1.3-butadiene, ka whakahohehia e te sodium cyanide te hanganga o te adiponitrile, he rauemi matua mō te nairon-66.

2.Ko te Whakakotahitanga Waahanga me nga Tauhohenga Whakawai

• I roto i te tauhohenga whakahiato waro, ka mahi tahi te konutai cyanide me te whakakorikori cobalt ki te whakatairanga i te tauhohenga taapiri o te korefins me te CO me te H₂ ki te whakaputa i te aldehyde, te waipiro ranei.

• Hei taapiri i roto i nga tauhohenga hauwai, ka taea e te konutai cyanide te whakahaere i te ahua hiko o te mata o te whakarewa whakarewa me te whakarei ake i te mahi tauhohenga.

3.Petroleum Cracking and Desulfurization

• I roto i te tukanga pakaru hinu, ka taea e te konutai cyanide te aukati i te tauhohenga coking me te whakaroa i te oranga o te mahi whakakorikori.

• Ka whakamahia mo te tango i nga puhui whanariki (penei i te tango mercaptan). Na roto i nga tauhohenga whakakapinga nucleophilic, ka huri nga mercaptans ki nga sulfides, disulfides ranei.

III. Nga Painga me nga Wero

painga:

• He nui te mahi whakatiki me te whiriwhiri, e tika ana mo nga momo punaha tauhohenga uaua.

• He iti te utu me te ngawari mo te tono ahumahi.

tamataraa:

• Te Mōrearea Paitini : He tino paitini te konutai cyanide, ā, me tino whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere hei ārai i te turuturu, i te pā rānei.

• Ngā Take Taiao : Me tukatuka te wai para kei roto te cyanide (pērā i te tikanga whakakōroi kawakore) kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa tukunga hei karo i ngā tūponotanga taiao.

• Te Whakataetae mai i ngā Hangarau Rerekē : I te whanaketanga o te matū matomato, kei te whakakapia haeretia ētahi tukanga konutai cyanide e ngā whakakorikori koiora, e ngā whakakorikori wai ionic rānei.

IV. Nga Whakaritenga Haumaru me te Tiaki Taiao

1. Te Tiakitanga Whakaputa : Whakamahia ngā taputapu kati, me whai pūnaha kite me te pūnaha whakaoho hauwai cyanide, ā, me mau ngā kaiwhakahaere i ngā kākahu tiaki me ngā kopare hau.

2. Te Maimoatanga o ngā Wai Para : Tahurihia te CN⁻ hei CO₂ me te N₂ kore-paitini mā te tikanga whakapūngao (pērā i te whakamahi i te ClO₂, te H₂O₂ rānei).

3. Te Arotau i te Tukanga : Te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau hangarua hei whakaiti i te kai o te konutai cyanide; te tūhura i ngā pūnaha whakaterenga kore-cyanide (pērā i te whakamahi i ngā nitrile waro hei whakakapi).

Opaniraa

Ko te konutai cyanide, me ona ahuatanga catalytic ahurei, ka whai waahi nui ki te umanga petrochemical, ina koa ki nga mara penei i te synthesis nitrile me nga tauhohenga warowaihā, kei reira e kore e taea te whakakapi. Heoi ano, na te paitini me nga tupono o te taiao e akiaki ana i te umanga ki te huri ki nga hangarau catalytic haumaru ake. I te wa kei te heke mai, me te ahunga whakamua o te hoahoa whakakorikori me te arotautanga o te tukanga, ka kaha ake te whakamahi o te konutai cyanide me te pumau.