Nga Tikanga Kaupapa o te Rewharewha Koura Cyanidation

Ko te cyanidation koura, he tukanga hydrometallurgical matua, koia te tūāpapa o te tango koura mō te neke atu i te rau tau mai i tōna hokohoko i te tekau tau atu i 1890. Ka rukuhia e tēnei tuhinga ngā tikanga matū me ngā tikanga ā-tinana matua e tautoko ana i te tangohanga o te koura mai i te cyanidation, e tuku ana i te māramatanga whānui mō tēnei tikanga tino nui i roto i te umanga keri koura.

Tauhohenga matū: Te Manawa o te Cyanidation

Ko te tukanga cyanidation e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tauhohenga ahurei o te koura i te aroaro o ngā iona cyanide (CN⁻) me te waikura, ko te nuinga ko te hāora mai i te hau. Ka taea te whakarāpopoto i te tauhohenga matū matua penei: E whā ngā mole koura (Au), e tauhohe ana ki ngā mole e waru o te Sodium Cyanide (NaCN), kotahi te mole hāora (O₂) mai i te hau, me ngā mole wai e rua (H₂O), ka puta he whā ngā mole o te sodium dicyanoaurate(I) (Na[Au(CN)₂]) me ngā mole e whā o te sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

I roto i tēnei tauhohenga, ka whakapūngaohia ngā ngota koura ki te āhua whakapūngao +1, ā, ka hangaia he matatini dicyanoaurate(I) pumau \([Au(CN)_2]^- \). Ka mahi ngā katote cyanide hei matū whakapūngao, hei whakau i ngā katote koura i roto i te otinga, ko te hāora ia hei kaiwhiwhi irahiko, hei akiaki i te whakapūngao o te koura. Mā tēnei tikanga whakapūngao redox ka taea te whakarewa whiriwhiri i te koura mai i ōna konganuku, ahakoa he iti noa te kukū o te cyanide (0.01 - 0.1%).

Nga Tukatuka A-tinana: Whakawhiti Papatipu me te Reahanga Kinetics

Haunga ngā tauhohenga matū, ko te whai huatanga o te cyanidation koura e whakahaeretia ana e ngā tukanga ā-tinana pēnei i te whakawhiti papatipu me te horapa. Ko te tere tango whānui e pāngia ana e te horapa o ngā matū tauhohe (cyanide me te hāora) ki te mata koura me te horapa o ngā matatini dicyanoaurate kua hangaia kia matara atu i te mata. E ai ki te tauira whakaiti - matua, ka puta te tango koura i roto i ngā taahiraa e toru:

1. Whakawhiti papatipu o waho : Ka marara te cyanide me te hāora mā roto i te paparanga rohe e karapoti ana i te matūriki koura.

2. Tauhohenga mata : Ka puta te waikura me te matatini i te atanga koura-wairewa.

3. Te horapa ā-roto : Ka horapa ngā matūriki koura-cyanide kua hangaia ki waho o te matūriki. Ko te mea puhoi rawa o ēnei mahi ka whakatau i te tere o te tangohanga whānui, ko te nuinga o te wā ko te whakawhiti papatipu o waho, ko te tauhohenga mata rānei, i runga i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere.

Nga Take Awe i runga i te Pai o te Cyanidation

He maha nga mea nui e pa ana ki te mahi o te cyanidation koura:

• Te Kukū o te Cyanide : E hiahiatia ana te cyanide e tika ana hei hanga i ngā matūriki pumau, engari ko te nui rawa o te cyanide ka piki ake ngā utu me ngā āwangawanga taiao. Ka rerekē ngā kukū tino pai i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te konganuku.

• Te Wātea o te Hāora : He mea nui te rawaka o te hāora mō te tauhohenga waikura. Ka whakamahia ngā tikanga whakapūngao, pērā i te whakaoho ā-ringa, te whakapūngao hau rānei, hei whakarei ake i te whakawhiti hāora.

• Te Whakahaere pH : Ko te tikanga ka mahia te tukanga i te pH teitei (9 - 11) hei pehi i te hanganga o te hau hauwai cyanide (HCN) paitini. He mea noa te whakamahi i te raima hei pupuri i te taumata pH e hiahiatia ana.

• Te Kohuke Kohuke : Ka taea e te noho mai o ngā whanariki, ngā rauemi waro -ace, me ētahi atu kohuke te whakararuraru i te cyanidation. Hei tauira, ka pau pea i ngā whanariki te cyanide me te hāora, engari ka taea e ngā mea waro te mimiti i ngā matū koura-cyanide, ka puta ai te "hapūtanga".

Nga Tikanga ki te Whakanuia te Mahi Cyanidation

Hei whakapai ake i te pai o te tango koura, ka whakamahia nga momo tikanga whakarei ake:

• Te Maimoatanga i mua : Ka taea te whakamahi i te tunutunu, te whakahāngaitanga pēhanga, te whakahāngaitanga koiora rānei ki ngā konganuku ātete hei tango i ngā kohuke e pokanoa ana, hei whakaatu hoki i ngā mata koura.

• Ngā Tāpiringa : Ka taea te tāpiri i ngā matū pēnei i te thiourea, te haukini rānei hei whakapai ake i te tere whakarewa, hei pehi rānei i ngā tauhohenga taha.

• Hoahoa Taputapu Arotau : Ka taea e ngā tauhohenga horoi matatau me ngā āheinga whakaranu me te whakawhiti papatipu kua whakapaitia, pērā i ngā tauhohenga tāke whakaohooho, ngā pūnaha horoi puranga rānei, te whakarei ake i te mahi tukanga whānui.

Hei mutunga, ko te riihi cyanidation koura he tukanga uaua engari tino whai hua e whakakotahi ana i nga tauhohenga matū, te whakawhiti papatipu tinana, me te whakahaere tupato i nga tawhā whakahaere maha. Ko te maarama ki enei maapono taketake he mea nui mo te arotau i nga tikanga tango koura, te whakarite i te oranga ohaoha, me te whakaiti i nga paanga o te taiao i roto i te umanga keri koura. I te wa e haere tonu ana te tono koura, ka aro tonu te rangahau ki te whakawhanake i nga tikanga cyanidation pai ake, pumau, me te pai ki te taiao.