Kodi ndi njira ziti zochotsera sodium cyanide ku michira yagolide?

Introduction

Mu migodi ya golide, cyanide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa golide chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yosungunula golide ku ores. Komabe, kukhalapo kwa cyanide m'michira kumabweretsa zoopsa zachilengedwe komanso chitetezo. Zotsatira zake, chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsa koyenera Kuchotsa Cyanide ndondomeko ndi zofunika kwambiri. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza njira zosiyanasiyana zochotsera cyanide zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza Zovala za Golide, pofuna kupereka chidziwitso chokwanira cha njira zomwe zilipo.

Njira ya Alkaline Chlorination

Mfundo

Njira yochotsera chlorination ya alkaline ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa cyanide. Mu njira iyi, ma oxidants ochokera ku chlorine amawonjezeredwa ku slurry ya tailings pansi pa mikhalidwe ya alkaline. Chlorine imachitapo kanthu ndi ma cyanide ions (CN-) kuti apange zinthu zopanda poizoni. Izi zimachitika m'magawo awiri akuluakulu. Mu gawo loyamba, cyanide imasungunuka kukhala cyanate (CNO-), ndipo mu gawo lachiwiri, cyanate imawolanso kukhala mpweya wa nayitrogeni, Carbon dioxide, ndi zinthu zina zopanda vuto.

ubwino

• Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri: Imatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide mu michira ya golide kuti ikwaniritse malire oletsa kutulutsa.

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mokwanira: Yoyenera kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi ma cyanide osiyanasiyana komanso nyimbo zake.

• Chabwino - Yakhazikitsidwa Technology: Ndondomekoyi imamveka bwino, ndipo pali zochitika zambiri zamakampani pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake.

kuipa

• Zowonongeka Zowonongeka: Ma chlorine - oxidants opangidwa ndi chlorine amatha kuwononga zida, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wokwera wokonza komanso moyo wautali wa zida.

• Toxic By - mankhwala: Panthawiyi, pali chiopsezo chopanga poizoni ndi - mankhwala monga mpweya wa chlorine ngati ndondomekoyi siyikuyendetsedwa bwino.

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Apamwamba: Pamafunika kuchuluka kwa okosijeni opangidwa ndi klorini, zomwe zimatha kuonjezera ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

Case Phunziro

Mgodi wa golidi umagwiritsa ntchito njira ya alkaline chlorination pochizira cyanide - yokhala ndi michira. Mwa kulamulira mosamala pH ya tailings slurry pafupifupi 10 - 11 ndi kuwonjezera mlingo woyenera wa bleaching ufa (wamba chlorine - zochokera oxidant), okwana sianidi zili mu michira anachepetsedwa kuchokera koyamba ndende ya 200 mg/L kuti zosakwana 0.1 mg/L pambuyo mankhwala. Michira yoyeretsedwayo inakwaniritsa miyezo ya kutulutsa kwachilengedwe.

INCO Njira (Sulfur Dioxide - Air Process)

Mfundo

Njira ya INCO, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti sulfure dioxide - air process, ndiukadaulo wina wofunikira wochotsa cyanide. Pochita izi, sulfure dioxide ndi mpweya zimalowetsedwa mu tailings slurry pamaso pa chothandizira zamkuwa. Sulfur dioxide imapangidwa ndi okosijeni kukhala sulphate, ndipo mpweya wa mumlengalenga umathandizira kutulutsa kwa cyanide. Chothandizira chamkuwa chimathandizira kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachitika, ndikusandutsa cyanide kukhala carbon dioxide, nitrogen, ndi zinthu zina.

ubwino

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Otsika: Poyerekeza ndi njira zina, pamafunika kulowetsamo mankhwala ochepa chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya ngati gwero la okosijeni.

• Kuchepetsa Toxic By - mankhwala: Amatulutsa poizoni wocheperako poyerekeza ndi chlorination wamchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino kwambiri yosamalira zachilengedwe.

• Mtengo - Wogwira ntchito: Ikhoza kukhala yotsika mtengo pa ntchito zazikulu chifukwa cha kutsika mtengo kwa sulfure dioxide ndi mpweya.

kuipa

• Chofunikira cha Catalyst: Kufunika kwa chothandizira chamkuwa kumawonjezera zovuta panjirayo. Chothandiziracho chiyenera kusamalidwa bwino ndi kuyang'aniridwa, ndipo kutayika kwake kapena kutsekedwa kungakhudze ntchitoyo.

• pH Sensitivity: Njirayi imakhudzidwa ndi pH ya ma tailings slurry. Mkhalidwe wabwino wa pH uyenera kusamalidwa kuti uchotse bwino ma cyanide, nthawi zambiri pakatikati pa 8 - 9.

• Pang'onopang'ono Reaction Rate: Mlingo wa zomwe zimachitika ndi wocheperako poyerekeza ndi njira zina zamakutidwe ndi okosijeni, zomwe zingafunike zotengera zazikulu komanso nthawi yayitali yokhalamo.

Case Phunziro

Ntchito yayikulu yokumba golide pakukhazikitsa njira ya INCO. Mwa kukhazikitsa odzipereka anachita dongosolo poyambitsa sulfure woipa ndi mpweya, ndi mosamala kulamulira mkuwa chothandizira mlingo, iwo anatha kuchepetsa ndende cyanide mu michira yawo kuchokera 150 mg/L zosakwana 50 mg/L. Izi zinakwaniritsa zofunikira zamakampani - zovomerezeka zofooka - acid dissociable (WAD) cyanide zofunikira pakutaya michira.

Njira Zochiritsira Zachilengedwe

Mfundo

Chithandizo chachilengedwe cha cyanide - chokhala ndi michira ya golide chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mabakiteriya ndi bowa. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timeneti titha kusokoneza cyanide ngati gwero la nayitrogeni kapena kaboni. Mwachitsanzo, mabakiteriya ena amatha kusintha cyanide kukhala ammonia pogwiritsa ntchito enzymatic reaction. Njira yonseyi ndizovuta zomwe zimachitika pazachilengedwe pomwe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timaphwanya molekyulu ya cyanide pansi pazikhalidwe zinazake zachilengedwe monga kutentha koyenera, pH, ndi kupezeka kwa michere.

ubwino

• Kukhala Wokonda Kwambiri: Kuchiza kwachilengedwe ndi njira yokhazikika chifukwa sikubweretsa mankhwala owopsa m'chilengedwe.

• Mtengo wotsika: Chikhalidwe cha tizilombo ting'onoting'ono chikakhazikitsidwa, ndalama zogwirira ntchito zimatha kukhala zochepa chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kudzipanga tokha ndikugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zachilengedwe.

• Kusankha Chithandizo: Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timatha kuloza cyanide, ndikusiya mchere wina wamtengo wapatali m'mphepete mwake mosasokonezeka.

kuipa

• Pang'onopang'ono Njira: Zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri zimachita pang'onopang'ono poyerekeza ndi njira za okosijeni wamankhwala. Izi zingafunike ma bioreactors akuluakulu komanso nthawi yayitali yochizira.

• Sensitivity to Environmental Conditions: Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, pH, ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zina zapoizoni m'michira. Ngakhale kusiyanasiyana pang'ono kumatha kusokoneza ntchito ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yakuchotsa cyanide.

• Kuvuta Kwambiri: Kukhazikitsa chikhalidwe chokhazikika komanso choyenera cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda cha cyanide kungakhale kovuta. Pamafunika kusankha mosamala ndi acclimatization yoyenera tizilombo.

Case Phunziro

Mgodi wa golide poyesera njira yochiritsira zamoyo. Anagwiritsa ntchito bioreactor yopangidwa mwapadera yodzaza ndi mabakiteriya owononga cyanide. Pambuyo pogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kukhathamiritsa kosalekeza kwa chilengedwe mu bioreactor, adatha kuchepetsa ndende ya cyanide mu michira kuchokera 80 mg/L mpaka 10 mg/L. Komabe, njirayi idafunikira miyezi ingapo yoyambira ndikusintha kuti igwire bwino ntchito.

Njira Yotsuka Michira ndi Pond Stripping (WPS).

Mfundo

Njira ya WPS imakhala ndi masitepe awiri akulu: kutsuka kwa ma tailing slurry ndi dziwe kapena tank kuchotsa cyanide. Pakutsuka, ma counter-high-rate thickeners amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsuka ma tailings slurry. Izi zimathandiza kuchotsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide - yomwe ili ndi yankho kuchokera ku michira. Kusefukira kwa thickener, komwe kumakhala ndi cyanide, kumachotsedwa padziwe kapena tanki. Mukuvula, yankho lolemera la cyanide limawululidwa ndi mpweya kapena zovula zina. Cyanide, mu mawonekedwe a mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide, amachotsedwa mu yankho ndipo akhoza kupezedwanso kapena kuthandizidwanso. Madzi ophwanyidwa amatha kubwezeretsedwanso ku malo ochapira, zomwe zimathandiza pakuwongolera madzi bwino.

ubwino

• Kubwezeretsa Zothandizira: Njirayi imalola kuchira kwa cyanide, yomwe imatha kubwezeretsedwanso ku njira yotsitsa, kuchepetsa kumwa kwa cyanide mumgodi.

• Kusamalira Madzi: Pokonzanso madzi ophwanyidwa, amathandizira kuyang'anira bwino kwa madzi mu ntchito ya migodi, kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa madzi abwino komanso kuchepetsa kutaya madzi onyansa.

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zomangamanga Zomwe Zilipo: Ndondomeko ya WPS nthawi zambiri imatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zilipo kale monga zokometsera ndi kukonza maiwe amadzi, kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa ndalama zazikulu.

kuipa

• Kuvuta pa Ntchito: Njirayi imaphatikizapo masitepe angapo ndipo imafunika kuwongolera mosamala magawo monga kutsuka bwino, kuchuluka kwa mavulidwe, ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi obwezeretsanso.

• Cyanide Recovery Mwachangu: Kuchita bwino kwa Kubwezeretsa Cyanide zingakhudzidwe ndi zinthu monga chiyambi cha cyanide ndende mu michira, khalidwe la kuchapa ndi kuvula ntchito, ndi kukhalapo kwa zinthu zina zosokoneza.

• Fungo ndi Zokhudza Chitetezo: Njira yochotsera imatha kutulutsa mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide, womwe uli ndi fungo lamphamvu komanso lowopsa kwambiri. Njira zoyenera zotetezera ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pofuna kupewa kutuluka kwa gasi ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito.

Case Phunziro

Kampani yopanga migodi ya golide inakhazikitsa ndondomeko ya WPS. Pokonzanso zokhuthala zawo zomwe zidalipo kuti zichapidwe bwino ndikumanga dziwe lovundikirapo kuti achotsere cyanide, adatha kuchira mpaka 70%. Cyanide yopezedwayo idabwezeretsedwanso bwino kudera la leaching, kuchepetsa ndalama zawo zogulira cyanide ndi ndalama zambiri.

Kutsiliza

Kuchotsa cyanide ku michira ya golidi ndikofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso njira zokhazikika zamigodi. Njira iliyonse yochotsera cyanide yomwe ikukambidwa, kuphatikizapo chlorination ya alkaline, ndondomeko ya INCO, chithandizo chamankhwala, ndi ndondomeko ya WPS, ili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zake. Kusankhidwa kwa njira yoyenera kwambiri kumatengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'michira, kapangidwe ka michira, zida zomwe zilipo, komanso kusanthula mtengo - kupindula. Nthawi zambiri, kuphatikiza kwa njirazi kungafunikire kuti mukwaniritse bwino komanso mtengo wake - kuchotsa cyanide. Pamene makampani amigodi akupitiriza kuyang'anizana ndi kuwonjezereka kwa chilengedwe, kufufuza kosalekeza ndi chitukuko cha matekinoloje ochotsa cyanide ndizofunikira kuti tsogolo likhale loyera komanso lokhazikika.