Chifukwa chiyani Sodium Cyanide Imawonedwa Mwapang'onopang'ono?

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yakhala nkhani yofunika kwambiri komanso yodetsa nkhawa m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha poizoni wake komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

Poizoni: Chiwopsezo chakupha

Sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri kwa anthu. Ngakhale pang'ono, pafupifupi 5% ya supuni imodzi, imatha kupha. Ikalowa m'thupi la munthu, imagawanika kukhala ma cyanide ions (CN⁻). Ma ions awa ali ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa chitsulo mu cytochrome oxidase, enzyme yofunika kwambiri pa unyolo woyendera ma elekitironi mu kupuma kwa maselo. Mwa kumangirira ku chitsulo, ma cyanide ions amaletsa ntchito ya enzyme, kuletsa kusamutsa ma elekitironi ndipo pamapeto pake kusokoneza mphamvu ya thupi yopanga mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a ATP. Izi zimapangitsa kuti maselo asamagwire bwino ntchito mwachangu, lactic acidosis (pamene maselo amasintha kupita ku kagayidwe ka anaerobic), ndipo pamapeto pake imfa. Zizindikiro za poizoni wa sodium cyanide zimaphatikizapo kuvutika kupuma, kugwedezeka, kutaya chidziwitso, ndi kuima kwa mtima. Popeza munthu amafa kwambiri chonchi, kukhudzana ndi Sodium Cyanide , kaya pangozi zamafakitale kapena zochitika zina, nthawi yomweyo kumabweretsa nkhawa zazikulu paumoyo wa anthu komanso chitetezo.

Kufalikira kwa Industrial Applications

Migodi Yagolide

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zomwe Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani opanga golide . Golide wambiri padziko lonse lapansi sapezeka m'magawo akuluakulu koma m'malo mwake ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timafalikira m'miyala. Pofuna kuchotsa golide kuchokera ku miyala iyi, njira yotchedwa cyanidation imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Pambuyo poti miyala ya m'migodi yafufuzidwa ndikugayidwa kukhala ufa wabwino, imawonjezeredwa ku yankho la sodium cyanide. Golideyo amapanga mgwirizano wolimba ndi mamolekyu a cyanide, ndikupanga golide wosungunuka - cyanide complexes. Ma complexes awa amatha kulekanitsidwa ndi mchere wotsalawo mu miyalayi, chifukwa amasungunuka m'madzi. Pambuyo pake, zinc imawonjezeredwa ku yankho, lomwe limayanjana ndi golide - cyanide complexes, zomwe zimapangitsa golideyo kutuluka ngati chinthu cholimba. Chogulitsa chomalizachi chimasungunuka kuti chilekanitse golide weniweni. Kufunika kwa golide padziko lonse lapansi, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu monga kupanga zodzikongoletsera, ndalama, ndi ntchito zamafakitale , kumatanthauza kuti sodium cyanide yambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito zofukula golide padziko lonse lapansi. Zotsatira zake, nkhani zilizonse zokhudzana ndi sodium cyanide pankhani imeneyi, monga momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito bwino, kusungidwa, ndi kunyamulidwa, zimakopa chidwi chachikulu chifukwa cha kufunika kwa makampaniwa pazachuma.

Ntchito Zina Zamakampani

Sodium cyanide imagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale ena. M'munda wa electroplating, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chigawo chimodzi m'malo osambira. Imathandiza kukwaniritsa zokutira zosalala komanso zofananira zazitsulo monga mkuwa, siliva, cadmium, ndi zinki pamagawo osiyanasiyana. Popanga mankhwala achilengedwe, sodium cyanide imakhala ngati chinthu chofunikira poyambira. Mwachitsanzo, popanga mankhwala enaake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa gulu la cyano (-CN) mu mamolekyu achilengedwe, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti apange mankhwala ambiri ofunikira. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga ulusi wopangidwa, mapulasitiki, ndi utoto. M'makampani opanga utoto, imakhudzidwa ndi kaphatikizidwe kazinthu monga (cyanuric chloride), yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri popanga utoto wokhazikika komanso imagwira ntchito ngati zopangira zopangira zowunikira. Poganizira kufunika kwake m'njira zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale, kusokonekera kulikonse pakupereka, kasamalidwe, kapena chitetezo cha sodium cyanide kumatha kukhala ndi zotulukapo zazikulu zachuma.

Zochitika ndi Zotsatira Zake

Zochitika zapamwamba zokhudzana ndi sodium cyanide zathandiziranso kutchuka kwake pamaso pa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, kuphulika kwa Tianjin mu 2015 kunali chochitika chomvetsa chisoni chomwe chinabweretsa sodium cyanide powonekera. Pamalo ophulikawo, anapeza kuti pali matani 700 a sodium cyanide, omwe anali oposa 70 malire ovomerezeka. Kuphulikaku kunadzetsa nkhawa za kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala oopsa kwambiriwa m'chilengedwe. Ngati sodium cyanide ikanatulutsidwa ndikukumana ndi madzi kapena kutentha kwambiri, ikanapanga mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide, chinthu chowopsa komanso chosasunthika. Hydrogen cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri ikakokedwa ndipo imatha kufalikira mwachangu mumlengalenga, ndikuyika miyoyo ya anthu oyandikana nawo pachiwopsezo. Ngakhale akuluakulu aku China adachitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti athetse vutoli, monga kuchiritsa kutaya ndi hydrogen peroxide kuti achepetse kupangika kwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri, zomwe zidachitikazi zidawonetsabe kuopsa kwakukulu kokhudzana ndi kusungidwa ndi kusamalira sodium cyanide. Kuzindikira kwa anthu za kuopsa kwa sodium cyanide kunakula kwambiri, ndipo zinapangitsa kuti anthu aziwunika kwambiri malamulo a chitetezo ndi machitidwe m'mafakitale omwe amagwirizana ndi mankhwalawa.

Pomaliza, poizoni wambiri wa sodium cyanide , kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ofunikira monga migodi ya golide ndi kupanga mankhwala, komanso kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika zazikulu zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale mankhwala owonedwa bwino. Kufunika kogwirizanitsa ntchito zake zamafakitale ndi njira zodzitetezera kuti ateteze thanzi la anthu ndi chilengedwe kukupitirirabe kukhala vuto lalikulu.