Kodi Mlingo Wopambana Pochiza Poizoni wa Sodium Cyanide Ndi Chiyani?

Sodium cyanide ndi chinthu chakupha kwambiri, ndi Poizoni wa sodium cyanide ndi ngozi yowopseza moyo. Kupambana kwa chithandizo kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo, ndipo palibe chiwerengero chimodzi, chotsimikizika cha chipambano chomwe chimagwira ntchito pazochitika zonse.

1. Njira Yowopsa ya Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide imatulutsa Cyanide ions (CN⁻) m'thupi. Ma cyanide ions awa ali ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu kwambiri wachitsulo chachitsulo (Fe³⁺) mu cytochrome oxidase m'maselo. Akaphatikizidwa, amapanga zovuta zokhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa cytochrome oxidase kutaya mphamvu yake yosamutsa ma electron. Zotsatira zake, unyolo wonyamula ma elekitironi m'maselo umasokonekera, ndipo maselo sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwinobwino, zomwe zimatsogolera ku intracellular asphyxia. Minofu imakakamizika kusintha kuchokera ku aerobic metabolism kupita ku anaerobic metabolism, limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa lactate ndi inorganic phosphate zili mu minofu, komanso kuchepa kwa glycogen ndi ATP. Popeza dongosolo lapakati la mitsempha limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi hypoxia, ndilo loyamba kuonongeka, makamaka malo opumira ndi vasomotor center.

2. Zomwe Zimakhudza Kupambana kwa Chithandizo

2.1 Kuopsa kwa Poizoni

• Poizoni Wochepa: Zikakhala zofatsa Sodium Cyanide poyizoni, ngati mlingo wa cyanide wolowetsedwa kapena wokometsedwa uli wocheperako, njira zolipirira thupi zimatha kugwirabe ntchito mpaka pamlingo wina. Mwachitsanzo, odwala amatha kuona zizindikiro zochepa chabe monga mutu, chizungulire, nseru, ndi kupuma movutikira. Zikatero, ngati chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga, chiwongolero cha chithandizo chimakhala chachikulu. Akachotsa panthaŵi yake ku gwero lapoizoni, pokoka mpweya wa okosijeni, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyenerera, odwala ambiri amatha kuchira.

• Poizoni Kwambiri: Poizoniyo akafika poipa kwambiri, odwala amatha kudwala kwambiri ndipo amayamba kukhala ndi zizindikiro monga chikomokere, kukomoka, kugunda kwa mtima komanso kupuma. Panthawi imeneyi, ziwalo zambiri za thupi zimawonongeka kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mtima ukhoza kusiya kugunda bwino, ndipo ubongo ukhoza kudwala kwambiri hypoxia - kuvulala kwa ischemic. Mkhalidwewu ukapitilirabe, m'pamenenso kuwonongeka kwa chiwalo kumachulukirachulukira, ndipo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuti asinthe mkhalidwewo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chithandizo chichepe kwambiri.

2.2 Nthawi ya Poizoni

• Poizoni kwa nthawi yochepa: Ngati nthawi kuchokera pazochitika za sodium cyanide Poyizoni chiyambi cha mankhwala yochepa, kuwonongeka kwa thupi ndi zochepa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu apulumutsidwa ndi kulandira chithandizo mkati mwa mphindi zochepa mpaka theka la ola atapuma kapena kumeza Sodium cyanide, mwayi wopeza chithandizo chabwino ndi wapamwamba kwambiri. Chifukwa panthawiyi, cyanide sinakhale ndi nthawi yokwanira yowononga ziwalo zofunika kwambiri.

• Poizoni wa nthawi yayitali: M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, cyanide imapitirizabe kugwira ntchito m’maselo, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo monga mtima, ubongo, ndi chiwindi kumaunjikana. Ngati nthawi ya poizoni idutsa maola angapo ndipo wodwalayo sanalandire chithandizo choyenera, kupulumuka kudzakhala kochepa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa maola angapo akupha poizoni wa cyanide, ubongo ukhoza kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu la necrosis chifukwa cha hypoxia, ndipo ngakhale cyanide ikachotsedwa m'thupi pambuyo pake, ntchito yowonongeka ya ubongo imakhala yovuta kuchira.

2.3 Nthawi Yake ndi Kulondola Kwambiri - Njira Zothandizira

• Nthawi Yoyamba - Chithandizo: Njira zothandizira mwamsanga pamalo omwe mwapha zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Poyizoni ya sodium cyanide ikaganiziridwa, chinthu choyamba ndikuchotsa wodwalayo pamalo omwe ali ndi poyizoni kuti asawonekere. Mwachitsanzo, kuopsa kwa poyizoni pa ngozi ya mafakitale, kusuntha wodwalayo kumalo komwe kuli mpweya wabwino mwamsanga kungachepetse mpweya wowonjezera wa cyanide. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuyitana chithandizo chachipatala mwamsanga n'kofunika. Ngati kupuma kwa wodwalayo kapena kugunda kwa mtima kwasiya, kupuma kwa mtima ndi mtima (CPR) kuyenera kuyambika nthawi yomweyo. Mphindi iliyonse ya kuchedwa koyamba - njira zothandizira zitha kuchepetsa kupambana kwa chithandizo.

• Choyamba Cholondola - Thandizo: Kuwongolera kothandizira koyambirira ndikofunikiranso. Mwachitsanzo, pochita CPR, m'pofunika kutsatira ndondomeko yoyenera ya opaleshoni, kuphatikizapo chiŵerengero cholondola cha kupanikizika kwa chifuwa ndi kupuma kochita kupanga. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati wodwalayo wamwa sodium cyanide, njira zosayenera zotupa zimatha kuyambitsa chikhumbo komanso kuyika moyo wa wodwalayo pachiwopsezo. Chifukwa chake, othandizira oyamba ayenera kuphunzitsidwa kuti awonetsetse kuti njira zothandizira zoyambira zikuchitika moyenera.

2.4 Chithandizo Chachipatala Mchipatala

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Antidotes: M'chipatala, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake komanso moyenera mankhwala oletsa antidotes ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pochiza poizoni wa sodium cyanide. Chithandizo chachikulu cha poizoni wa cyanide ndi chithandizo cha "nitrite - thiosulfate". Ma nitrites (monga sodium nitrite) amatha oxidize gawo la hemoglobin wamba m'magazi kupita ku methemoglobin. Methemoglobin imakhala ndi ferric iron (Fe³⁺), yomwe ili ndi mgwirizano wolimba wa ma cyanide ions kuposa cytochrome oxidase. Choncho, akhoza kupikisana ndi cytochrome oxidase kwa cyanide ayoni, kumanga cyanide ayoni kupanga cyanmethemoglobin, potero kuthetsa chopinga cha ayoni cyanide pa cytochrome oxidase. Pambuyo pake, thiosulfate imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pansi pa zochita za enzyme ya rhodanese ya thupi, thiosulfate imakumana ndi ma cyanide ions kupanga non -toxic thiocyanate, yomwe imatulutsidwa m'thupi ndi mkodzo. Ngati mankhwalawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi yake malinga ndi momwe wodwalayo alili, chithandizo chamankhwala chidzakhala bwino kwambiri.

• Chithandizo Chambiri: Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa antidote, njira zochizira zimafunikanso. Izi zikuphatikizapo kusunga zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri za wodwalayo, monga kuonetsetsa kuti kupuma kwakhazikika kupyolera mu mpweya wabwino wa makina ngati kuli kofunikira, kusunga kuthamanga kwa magazi mwachibadwa kudzera m'malo mwa madzi ndi mankhwala a vasoactive, komanso kupewa ndi kuchiza mavuto monga cerebral edema. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito glucocorticoids, hypertonic glucose, ndi vitamini C kungathandize kuchepetsa edema ya muubongo. Ngati njira zonse zochiritsirazi zikwaniritsidwa bwino, zithandiziranso kupititsa patsogolo chithandizo chamankhwala.

3. Chiyerekezo Chachikulu cha Chithandizo Chachipambano

Kawirikawiri, ngati poizoni ndi wofatsa, wodwalayo amathandizidwa mwamsanga (nthawi zambiri mkati mwa mphindi 30 mpaka 1 ora pambuyo pa poizoni), ndipo ndondomeko yonse ya chithandizo, kuphatikizapo chithandizo choyamba pazochitika ndi chithandizo chamankhwala m'chipatala, ikuchitika molondola, chithandizo chamankhwala chikhoza kukhala chokwera kwambiri, mwina kufika pa 80% nthawi zina. Komabe, pamilandu yoopsa, makamaka omwe ali ndi nthawi yayitali yapoizoni (kuposa maola 2 - 3) komanso chithandizo mochedwa, chithandizo chamankhwala chikhoza kukhala chochepera 20%, ndipo nthawi zina zovuta kwambiri, wodwalayo sangathe kupulumutsidwa ngakhale atayesetsa.

Pomaliza, kupambana kwa poyizoni wa sodium cyanide kumasiyana kwambiri kutengera zinthu zingapo. Chinsinsi cha kuwongolera bwino kwagona pakupewa koyambirira, panthawi yake komanso yolondola - chithandizo pamalopo, komanso chithandizo chamankhwala chokwanira komanso chothandiza m'chipatala.