Kodi Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji pamigodi ya golide?

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), monga core reagent ya Kutulutsa Golide, amazindikira kusintha kuchokera ku ore kupita ku golidi kudzera mu Cyanidation njira mu Migodi Yagolide. Njirayi imaphatikizapo machitidwe ovuta a mankhwala ndi kuwongolera mwamphamvu ndondomeko. Nawa masitepe ogwiritsira ntchito komanso mfundo zazikuluzikulu zaukadaulo:

Njira ya Gold Cyanidation

I. Ore Pretreatment

1.Kuphwanya ndi Kugaya

Miyalayo imaphwanyidwa ndikuphwanyidwa kukhala ufa wabwino (nthawi zambiri ndi kukula kwa tinthu ≤ 75μm) kuti muwonjezere malo okhudzana ndi Sodium Cyanide Yankho.

2.Flotation kapena Gravity Concentration

Ma ore apansi amayenera kuyikapo zitsulo za golide kudzera mu kuyandama kapena mphamvu yokoka kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa miyala yopangira chithandizo cha cyanidation.

II. Cyanidation Leaching Reaction

1.Leaching Conditions

• Kukonzekera Mayankho: Sungunulani sodium cyanide m'madzi kuti apange njira yochepetsera ndi ndende ya 0.01% -0.1% (kukhazikika kwapadera kumadalira mtundu wa ore).

• Chilengedwe cha Alkaline: Onjezani calcium oxide (CaO) kapena sodium hydroxide (NaOH) kuti musinthe pH kukhala 10-11 kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa cyanide kukhala mpweya wapoizoni wa hydrogen cyanide (HCN).

• Kupereka Oxygen: Pitirizani kusungunuka kwa okosijeni mu yankho (nthawi zambiri> 5 mg/L) ndi mpweya kapena kusonkhezera kuyendetsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni.

2.Chemical Reaction

Golide amakumana ndi cyanide m'malo amchere ndi aerobic kupanga zinthu zosungunuka:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4NaAu(CN)₂ (sodium aurocyanide) + 4NaOH

Izi zimayenera kukhala kwa maola angapo mpaka masiku angapo kuti zitsimikizire kuti golide wasungunuka kwathunthu.

III. Kugwa ndi Kubwezanso kwa Golide

1.Zinc Replacement Njira

Onjezani ufa wa zinki kapena waya wa zinki ku yankho la leaching, ndipo golide amalowetsedwa kudzera m'malo mwake:

2Au(CN)₂⁻ + Zn → 2Au↓ + Zn(CN)₄²⁻

Ufa wagolide wopangidwa umatsukidwa ndikusungunulidwa kuti upeze golide wopanda pake.

2.Activated Carbon Adsorption Njira

Munjira ina, kaboni woyendetsedwa amatha kusankha Au(CN)₂⁻ mu yankho, ndiyeno golideyo amabwezedwa chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.

IV. Chithandizo cha Tailings ndi Chitetezo

1. Neutralization ya Cyanide

Zamkati zam'mimba zikatha kukhetsa zimayenera kuthira cyanide yotsalira powonjezera sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) kapena hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂):

CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2OH⁻

Pomaliza, chepetsani kuchuluka kwa cyanide kukhala muyezo wachitetezo cha chilengedwe (nthawi zambiri <0.5 mg/L).

2.Closed-loop Circulation System

Landirani njira yotsekedwa kuti muchepetse kutulutsa kwa cyanide yankho, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi ena ogwiritsiranso ntchito kumatha kupitilira 90%.

V. Zovuta Zaumisiri ndi Njira Zowongolera

1.Kusokoneza Zonyansa

Ma ayoni achitsulo monga mkuwa ndi chitsulo amadya cyanide. Kukonzekera (monga kuwotcha kwa desulfurization) kapena kuwonjezera zoletsa (monga sodium sulfide) kumafunika kuti muchepetse zotsatira zake.

2.Kuchiza Ores Ochepa

Pagolide wofalitsidwa bwino komanso wotsekeredwa, biological pre-oxidation (monga bakiteriya leaching) kapena ukadaulo wa oxidation wa pressure amatengedwa kuti aphwanye kapangidwe ka mchere ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa golide.

3.Kukweza kwa Environmental Protection Technologies

Pangani zotsitsa za cyanide kapena cyanide-free leaching agents (monga thiosulfates), ndikuwunika njira zatsopano zochira monga electrochemical deposition.

Kutsiliza

Kugwiritsa ntchito Sodium cyanide mu migodi golide zimadalira kulondola ndondomeko ndi kasamalidwe okhwima chitetezo. Ngakhale kuti kawopsedwe kake kamayambitsa mikangano, magwiridwe ake apamwamba komanso mapindu ake azachuma amapangitsabe ukadaulo wodziwika bwino. M'tsogolomu, ndikuwongolera zofunikira zachitetezo cha chilengedwe, njira ya cyanidation idzayamba mogwirizana ndi matekinoloje obiriwira, kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa migodi ya golide kupita kumalo otetezeka komanso okhazikika.