The Industrial Applications of Sodium Cyanide: Maudindo Angapo Kuchokera ku Mining kupita ku Chemical Synthesis

Sodium cyanide, mankhwala omwe amamveka ngati ovuta, amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri komanso yosiyana siyana m'mafakitale. Imapezeka m'mafakitale ambiri, kuyambira migodi ku Chemical Synthesis, ndipo zimakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha makampani amakono.

Kutulutsa Golide mu Migodi

M'makampani amigodi, ntchito yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya Sodium Cyanide ndizo Kutulutsa Golide. Golide nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timamwazikana mu ore ndipo ndizovuta kupatukana mwachindunji. Sodium cyanide imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi golide kupanga madzi - golide wosungunuka - cyanide complexes. Njira yeniyeni ndi iyi: golide - yomwe ili ndi ore itatha kulandira chithandizo choyambirira monga kuphwanya ndi kugaya, imasakanizidwa ndi yankho lomwe lili ndi sodium cyanide, ndipo mpweya umayambitsidwa. Pansi pa zinthu zamchere, cyanide ion (CN⁻) mu sodium cyanide imachita ndi golide motere: 4Au + 8NaCN+O₂ + 2H₂O = 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+4NaOH. Golide wopangidwa ndi golide - cyanide complex akhoza kuchepetsedwa kuchokera ku yankho pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zotsatila, monga kusamuka ndi zinc ufa, kuti akwaniritse kulekanitsa golide ku zonyansa zina. Njira imeneyi yathandiza kwambiri kuti ntchito yokumba golide ikhale yothandiza kwambiri, zomwe zapangitsa kuti pakhale zotheka kukumba mwachuma miyala ya golide yomwe poyamba inali yovuta kugwiritsira ntchito, ndikuyika maziko olimba a chitukuko cha makampani a golide padziko lonse lapansi. M’migodi ina ikuluikulu ya golidi, mlingo wochuluka wa sodium cyanide ungagwiritsidwe ntchito tsiku lililonse pokonza matani masauzande a miyala yamtengo wapatali, mosalekeza kupanga golide wamtengo wapatali.

Zopangira Zopangira Chemical Synthesis

Pankhani ya organic chemical synthesis, sodium cyanide ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsa gulu logwira ntchito la cyano (-CN), lomwe ndi lofunikira kwambiri Organic Synthesis ndipo akhoza kusinthidwa kukhala magulu ena osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsatila, monga gulu la carboxyl (-COOH) ndi gulu la amino (-NH₂). Mwachitsanzo, pamene halogenated hydrocarbon imachita ndi sodium cyanide mu nucleophilic substitution reaction, atomu ya halogen imasinthidwa ndi gulu la cyano kuti likhale ndi nitrile pawiri. Kutengera momwe ethyl bromide ndi sodium cyanide mwachitsanzo: C₂H₅Br + NaCN → C₂H₅CN + NaBr. Propionitrile yopangidwa imatha kuwonjezeredwa ndi hydrolyzed kuti ipeze propionic acid kapena kuchepetsedwa kuti ipeze propylamine. Njirayi yodziwitsira gulu la cyano kudzera mu sodium cyanide ndiyeno kutembenuza gulu logwira ntchito kumapereka njira yofunikira yopangira mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagulu achilengedwe ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala ndi kaphatikizidwe ka utoto. Njira zopangira mankhwala odziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo sodium cyanide, ndipo ili ngati "chomangira" chomangira mamolekyu achilengedwe.

Fine Chemical Viwanda

Popanga mankhwala abwino kwambiri, sodium cyanide imathandizanso kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, popanga mapulasitiki opangira uinjiniya wapamwamba kwambiri ndi zowonjezera za mphira, zomwe zimakhudzana ndi sodium cyanide zimatha kupatsa zinthu zina zapadera. Mu kaphatikizidwe ka polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, yomwe imadziwika kuti plexiglass), yapakatikati yopangidwa ndi kutenga nawo gawo kwa sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kupyolera mu zochitika zenizeni za mankhwala, cyano - yomwe ili ndi pawiri imasandulika kukhala monomer yokhala ndi kapangidwe kake ndi katundu, kenaka imapangidwa ndi polymerized kuti ipeze PMMA ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri. Nkhaniyi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda kuwala, zokongoletsa zomangamanga, etc. Komanso, kupanga ena vulcanization accelerators kwa mkulu - ntchito rubbers, sodium cyanide ndi zofunika zopangira. Ikhoza kulimbikitsa ndondomeko ya vulcanization ya mphira ndi kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu, kuvala kukana ndi zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali za mphira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zinthu za rabara zikwaniritse zofunikira za zochitika zosiyanasiyana zamphamvu monga matayala a galimoto ndi malamba oyendetsa mafakitale.

Mapulogalamu mu Electroplating Industry

The Makampani a Electroplating ndi gawo lina lofunikira la sodium cyanide. Mu njira ya electroplating, m'pofunika kuyika zitsulo zina pamwamba pa zitsulo kuti zikhale bwino kuti zisawonongeke, kukongoletsa ndi zina zachitsulo. Sodium cyanide ili ndi ntchito zingapo mu njira ya electroplating. Kumbali imodzi, imatha kupanga mapangidwe okhazikika okhala ndi ayoni achitsulo muzitsulo zopangira, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa ayoni zitsulo pamtunda wa cathode, kuti zokutira zikhale zofananira komanso zabwino. Mwachitsanzo, popanga mkuwa, sodium cyanide imapanga ma ions ovuta monga [Cu(CN)₂]⁻ ndi ayoni amkuwa. Pamene ma ions ovutawa atuluka pa cathode, maatomu amkuwa amatha kuikidwa mofanana pamwamba pa chinthu chomwe chiyenera kukutidwa, kupeza zokutira zamkuwa zosalala komanso wandiweyani. Kumbali inayi, sodium cyanide imathanso kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yamagetsi ya njira yopangira plating komanso kuthekera kwa kubalalitsidwa kwa yankho la plating, kupangitsa kuti zida zomangika zowoneka bwino kuti zipezenso bwino zokutira. Ngakhale chifukwa cha kawopsedwe wa sodium cyanide, cyanide - free electroplating njira zapangidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa, m'madera ena ndi zofunika kwambiri ❖ kuyanika khalidwe, monga electroplating zipangizo zamagetsi ndi mbali zamlengalenga, cyanide - munali electroplating ndondomeko akadali atengapo gawo lina la msika chifukwa cha ubwino wake wapadera, ndi sodium cyanide akadali ntchito yomaliza - chofunika kwambiri.

Ntchito Zina Zamakampani

Kuphatikiza pa minda yayikulu yomwe tatchulayi, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'njira zina zamafakitale. Mu Chithandizo cha Kutentha kwa Zitsulo mafakitale, sodium cyanide angagwiritsidwe ntchito cyaniding mankhwala a zitsulo. Potenthetsa chitsulo m'malo okhala ndi sodium cyanide ndi media zina, nayitrogeni ndi kaboni amalowetsedwa nthawi imodzi pamwamba pazitsulo kuti apange wosanjikiza wa cyanide wokhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso zinthu zabwino zotsutsana ndi kulanda, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amtundu wazitsulo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza magawo ofunikira pakupanga makina ndi zida zamagalimoto. Muzinthu zina zapadera zazitsulo, sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kupatutsa ndi kuyeretsa zitsulo zina zosowa. Mwa kupanga zovuta zenizeni ndi zitsulo zosowa, kulekanitsa zitsulo zosowa kuchokera ku zonyansa zina zimatheka, kupereka mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito bwino zitsulo zosowa.

Komabe, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri ndipo imayika chiwopsezo chachikulu ku chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu. Panthawi yopanga, kusungirako, kuyendetsa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito, malamulo okhudzana ndi chitetezo ndi zofunikira zotetezera zachilengedwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa, ndipo njira zotetezera ndi njira zowonongeka ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zoopsa zomwe zingakhalepo zikuyendetsedwa bwino. Ngakhale sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'makampani, ndikupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, anthu akuwunikanso mwachangu njira zina zotetezeka komanso zosamalira zachilengedwe kuti achepetse kudalira chinthu chakupha kwambirichi. Koma pakadali pano, chifukwa cha mankhwala ake apadera, sodium cyanide akadali ndi maudindo angapo osasinthika m'mafakitale ambiri, kuyambira migodi mpaka kuphatikizika kwamankhwala, kulimbikitsa chitukuko chamakampani amakono.