Zomwe Zimakhudza Kuchita Bwino kwa Gold Ore Leaching ndi Sodium Cyanide

M'makampani a migodi ya golide, a Cyanidation ndondomeko ntchito Sodium cyanide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kutulutsa golide m'miyala. Komabe, mphamvu ya njirayi imatha kutengera zinthu zambiri. Kumvetsetsa zinthu izi n'kofunika kwambiri kuti muwongolere ndondomeko yochotsa golide, kukweza mitengo yobwezeretsa, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a Mwala wagolide kulira ndi Sodium Cyanide.

Makhalidwe a Ore

Mineral Composition

Mapangidwe a mineral ores a golide amathandizira kwambiri pakupanga cyanidation. Mchere wina ukhoza kuwononga golide. Mwachitsanzo, mkuwa, arsenic, antimony, ndi bismuth zomwe zimapezeka mu ore zimatha kuonjezera kumwa kwa cyanide kapena kuwononga mpweya mu slurry, potero kuchepetsa kutsika kwa golide. Pamene mchere wamkuwa ulipo, mkuwa ukhoza kuchitapo kanthu ndi cyanide kupanga ma complexes a copper-cyanide, omwe amadya cyanide yambiri. Pankhani ya mchere wokhala ndi arsenic, amatha kutulutsa mpweya wa cyanide, kuwononga mpweya ndikupanga mankhwala a arsenic omwe amatha kuvala pamwamba pa tinthu tating'ono ta golide, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwirizana pakati pa golide ndi cyanide. Kuonjezera apo, ngati miyalayo ili ndi mpweya wambiri, mpweya ukhoza kusokoneza golide wosungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide awonongeke. Pofuna kuchepetsa mavutowa, njira zochiritsira zisanachitike monga kuwotcha kapena kuyandama zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa kapena kuchepetsa zotsatira za zonyansa zovulazazi.

Golide Tinthu Kukula

Kukula kwa tinthu tagolide kumakhudza mwachindunji nthawi ya leaching ndi magwiridwe antchito. Tinthu tating'ono ta golide (zokulirapo kuposa 74μm) zimasungunuka pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha malo ake ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka kuti achitepo ndi cyanide. Mu njira ya cyanidation, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti tinthu tating'ono tagolide tamasulidwa mokwanira ku mchere wa gangue. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, kugaya miyalayo mpaka kufika poti ili bwino. Pochepetsa kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, malo ambiri agolide amawululidwa, zomwe zimathandizira kuti cyanide ichitike. Komabe, kugaya mopitirira muyeso kuyenera kupewedwa chifukwa kungapangitse kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso kuvala kwa zipangizo zopera. Komanso, kugaya mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse kutulutsidwa kwa mchere wabwino wa gangue womwe ungasokoneze njira ya leaching kapena kuonjezera vuto la kulekanitsa kwamadzi olimba. Kwa ores okhala ndi golide wonyezimira bwino, kupeza mphero yabwino yopera, nthawi zambiri yokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tocheperapo kukula kwake (mwachitsanzo, -38μm), kumatha kusintha kwambiri kutulutsa.

Kapangidwe ka Ore ndi Kapangidwe

Mapangidwe amkati ndi mawonekedwe a ore amathanso kukhudza njira ya cyanidation. Ores okhala ndi zida zovuta, monga zokhala ndi ma inclusions abwino kapena golide wophimbidwa, angafunike kugaya mozama kwambiri kapena njira zina zochizira kale kuti awonetse golide wowotchera. Porous ores amatha kulola yankho la cyanide kulowa mosavuta, kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa bwino. Kumbali ina, ore wandiweyani kapena ophatikizika amatha kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa cyanide ndi okosijeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono leaching ichuluke. Kumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka miyala yamtengo wapatali pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga maikulosikopu kungathandize kupanga njira zogwirira ntchito bwino.

Leaching Conditions

Kukhazikika kwa Cyanide

Kuzunza kwa sodium cyanide mu njira yothetsera leaching ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Mlingo wa kusungunuka kwa golide poyamba ukuwonjezeka mofanana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa Kukhazikika kwa cyanide mpaka kufika pamtengo wapamwamba. Kupitilira mulingo wina, kuwonjezeka kwina kwa cyanide sikungawongolere kwambiri kusungunuka kwa golide ndipo kungayambitsenso kuchepa. Kawirikawiri, mu golide cyanidation, cyanide zomwe zili mu yankho zimasungidwa mumtundu wa 0.03% - 0.08%. Kuchuluka kwa cyanide kukakhala kotsika kwambiri, kutulutsa kwa golide kumakhala kocheperako, ndipo kuthamanga kwa leaching kumakhala pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yayitali yothamangitsa komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuchuluka kwa cyanide sikungoyambitsa zinyalala komanso kumawonjezera chiwopsezo cha chilengedwe chokhudzana ndi kugwidwa ndi kutaya kwa cyanide. Chifukwa chake, kudziwa kuchuluka koyenera kwa cyanide kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri ndi ore ndikofunikira kuti muchotse golide moyenera.

Kukhazikika kwa oxygen

Oxygen ndiyofunikira kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni a golide munjira ya cyanidation. Kusungunuka kwa golide kumawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya wa okosijeni. M'zomera zambiri za cyanidation, mpweya umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la okosijeni. Powonjezera mpweya mu yankho kapena kugwiritsa ntchito high-pressure aeration cyanidation, kusungunuka kwa golide kungapitirire. Komabe, pamene kutentha kumakwera, kusungunuka kwa okosijeni mu yankho kumachepa kwambiri. Pa 100 ° C, kusungunuka kwa okosijeni kumatsika mpaka ziro, zomwe zimayimitsa ntchito yotulutsa mpweya. Chifukwa chake, kukhalabe ndi mpweya wokwanira mu leaching slurry, poganizira zinthu monga kutentha ndi chipwirikiti, ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti golide atuluka bwino.

PH Mtengo

Kusunga pH yoyenera mu zamkati za leaching ndikofunikira pakupanga cyanidation. Pakupanga mafakitale, pH mtengo wa zamkati nthawi zambiri umasungidwa pakati pa 10.0 - 11.0. Laimu nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa ku yankho la cyanide kuti likhale ngati alkali yoteteza. Zimathandiza kuchepetsa hydrolysis ya cyanide, kuchepetsa kutaya kwa cyanide monga mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide. Kuonjezera apo, laimu amatha kusokoneza zinthu za acidic mu ore ndikuyambitsa ayoni owopsa mu slurry, kupanga malo abwino osungunuka golide. Ngati alkalinity ndi yokwera kwambiri (pH> 12) kapena yotsika kwambiri (pH <9), kuchuluka kwa golide kumachepa. Kuchuluka kwamchere kumatha kulepheretsa zomwe zimachitika pakati pa golide ndi cyanide, pomwe alkalinity yotsika imatha kufulumizitsa hydrolysis ya cyanide ndikuwonjezera kumwa kwake.

kutentha

Kutentha kwa ndondomeko ya leaching kumakhala ndi zotsatira zovuta pa golide cyanidation. Pamene kutentha kumakwera, ntchito ya ayoni imawonjezeka, yomwe poyamba imathandizira kutsika kwa golide. Komabe, kutentha kwapamwamba kumapangitsanso kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kusungunuka kwa okosijeni mu yankho. Pa nthawi yomweyo, hydrolysis wa cyanide wokha ukuwonjezeka, ndi zimene m'munsi zitsulo cyanides Imathamanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cyanide iwonongeke. Komanso, kusungunuka kwa calcium hydroxide (kuchokera ku laimu wowonjezera) kumachepa pa kutentha kwakukulu, zomwe zingapangitse pH kufunika kwa zamkati. Chifukwa chake, pamachitidwe ambiri a golide a cyanidation, ngakhale kutentha pang'ono kumatha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa leaching pamlingo wina, kutentha kwambiri sikupindulitsa. Nthawi zambiri, cyanidation nthawi zambiri imachitika pa kutentha kozungulira kapena kokwera pang'ono, ndipo kutentha koyenera kumafunika kutsimikiziridwa kutengera mawonekedwe a ore ndi momwe zimakhalira.

Leaching Time

Nthawi yotulutsa imatengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga mtundu wa chitsulo, njira ya cyanidation, ndi mikhalidwe ya leaching. Poyambitsa cyanidation, nthawi ya leaching nthawi zambiri imakhala yoposa maola 24 ndipo nthawi zina imatha kukhala maola 40 kapena kupitilira apo. Pankhani ya leaching telluride ores golide, zitha kutenga maola 72. Kwa percolation cyanidation, nthawi ya leaching ndi yayitali, nthawi zambiri imatenga masiku oposa asanu. Ngati nthawi ya leaching ndi yochepa kwambiri, tinthu tating'ono ta golide sitingathe kusungunuka kwathunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchira kochepa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati nthawi ya leaching ndi yaitali kwambiri, sikungowonjezera ndalama zopangira komanso kungayambitse kusungunuka kwa zonyansa zambiri muzitsulo, zomwe zingasokoneze ndondomeko yobwezeretsa golide. Chifukwa chake, kudziwa nthawi yoyenera ya leaching kudzera mu kafukufuku woyeserera komanso kukhathamiritsa njira ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse bwino kutulutsa golide.

Slurry Concentration

Kuchuluka kwa leaching slurry kumakhudza mwachindunji kufalikira kwa zigawo za cyanidation. Kuchuluka kwa slurry kumawonjezera kukhuthala kwa slurry, komwe sikungathandize kufalikira kwa cyanide ndi mpweya ku tinthu tagolide, potero kumachepetsa kutulutsa bwino. Mosiyana ndi izi, ngati slurry ndende ndi yotsika kwambiri, ngakhale ingapangitse kufalikira kwa zinthu, izi ziwonjezera kumwa kwa cyanide ndi ma reagents ena komanso zimafunikira zida zazikuluzikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama ziwonjezeke. Kukhazikika koyenera kwa slurry kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kudzera mu mayeso a beficiation malinga ndi mawonekedwe a ore. Kwa ores omwe ali ndi matope ochepa komanso zonyansa zochepa, matope ambiri (nthawi zambiri 40% - 50%) angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochotsa. Kwa ores okhala ndi zovuta zama mineral komanso matope ambiri, matope otsika (pafupifupi 25%) amafunikira.

Zinthu Zina

Kukhalapo kwa Zonyansa mu Slurry

Kuphatikiza pa mchere wovulaza mu ore wokha, zonyansa zina mu leaching slurry zingakhudzenso ndondomeko ya cyanidation. Mwachitsanzo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta gangue, makamaka zomwe zili ndi dongo lambiri, zimatha kuwonjezera kukhuthala kwa slurry, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuyenda kwa cyanide ndi mpweya. Tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono timeneti tithanso kukopa cyanide, kuchepetsa ndende yake yothandiza pakutulutsa golide. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati pali ma ion azitsulo zolemera mu slurry, amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi cyanide kupanga ma complex, kuwononga cyanide ndikusokoneza momwe golide amachitira. Kuwunika nthawi zonse ndi chithandizo choyenera cha slurry kuchotsa kapena kuchepetsa zonyansazi zingathandize kukonza bwino kwa cyanidation.

Kusokonezeka ndi Kusakaniza

Kusokonezeka koyenera ndi kusakaniza kwa leaching slurry ndikofunikira kuti tiwonetsetse kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta cyanide, oxygen, ndi ore. Kusokonezeka kumathandizira kuti ma reactants agwirizane bwino, kukulitsa momwe amachitira. Kusagwedezeka kokwanira kungayambitse kutsika kwa ndende komweko, komwe madera ena a slurry amakhala ndi cyanide kapena okosijeni wosakwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide asakwaniritsidwe. Komabe, chipwirikiti champhamvu kwambiri chikhoza kuchititsa kuti zida ziwonongeke kwambiri ndipo zingayambitsenso kupanga thovu mu slurry, zomwe zingakhudze ndondomeko ya leaching. Choncho, kukhathamiritsa liwiro mukubwadamuka ndi mphamvu malinga ndi ndondomeko zofunika zofunika n'kofunika kuti imayenera golide cyanidation.

Pomaliza, kuchita bwino kwa golide wa ore leaching ndi sodium cyanide kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe a ore, mikhalidwe ya leaching, ndi zina zogwirira ntchito. Poganizira mosamalitsa ndi kukhathamiritsa zinthuzi, makampani amigodi amatha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa golide, kuchepetsa ndalama, ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe chifukwa cha njira ya cyanidation.