Kugwiritsa ntchito Sodium Cyanide mu Metallurgical Viwanda

Introduction

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), yomwe ndi chinthu chosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mumakampani opanga zitsulo . Ngakhale kuti ndi poizoni kwambiri, mphamvu zake zapadera zimaipangitsa kukhala yofunika kwambiri pakupanga zitsulo, makamaka pochotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe Sodium cyanide imagwirira ntchito pakupanga zitsulo, pofufuza njira zake zogwirira ntchito, ubwino wake, ndi zovuta zake.

Ma Chemical Properties a Sodium Cyanide Ogwirizana ndi Metallurgy

Sodium cyanide ndi yoyera, yosungunuka m'madzi. Mu njira yamadzimadzi, imasiyanitsidwa kukhala ayoni a sodium (Na⁺) ndi ayoni a cyanide (CN⁻). Cyanide ion ndi yofunika kwambiri muzitsulo. Ndi nucleophile yamphamvu, kutanthauza kuti ili ndi kuyanjana kwakukulu kwa ayoni achitsulo opangidwa bwino. Katunduyu amalola ma cyanide ions kuti apange zokhazikika zokhala ndi ayoni achitsulo, chikhalidwe chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo zosiyanasiyana.

Mapulogalamu mu Precious Metal Extraction

Kutulutsa Golide

1. Njira Yopangira Cyanidation : Njira yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito Sodium Cyanide mu zitsulo ndi kuchotsa golide kuchokera ku miyala yake. Njira ya Cyanidation , yomwe imatchedwanso njira ya MacArthur-Forrest, idapangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ndipo ikadali njira yodziwika bwino yochotsera golide padziko lonse lapansi. Munjira iyi, miyala yagolide yophwanyidwa imachotsedwa ndi yankho lochepetsedwa la sodium cyanide , nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 0.05 - 0.2%. Panthawiyi, golide wachitsulo amakumana ndi mpweya ndi sodium cyanide mu yankho lamadzi. Kuchitapo kanthu kumapangitsa golide kupanga chinthu chosungunuka chotchedwa sodium aurocyanide. Chomerachi chimatha kulekanitsidwa ndi matrix otsala a miyala. Pambuyo pa sitepe yochotsa, golide amachotsedwa mu yankho. Njira imodzi yodziwika bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito kaboni woyambitsa, komwe golide-cyanide complex imalowetsedwa pa kaboni (njira yotchedwa carbon-in-pulp kapena CIP). Pambuyo pake, golide amachotsedwa mu kaboni ndikukonzedwanso kuti apeze golide woyera.

2. Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Golide : Sodium cyanide imakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga golide pazifukwa zingapo. Ndi yothandiza kwambiri pakusungunula golide ngakhale kuchokera ku miyala yotsika mtengo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga migodi yamakono. Njirayi ndi yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi njira zina. Kutha kwake kupanga zinthu zokhazikika ndi golide kumalola kulekanitsa bwino golide ndi mchere wina womwe ulipo mu miyalayo.

3. Mavuto ndi Zokhudza Zachilengedwe : Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide pochotsa golide sikuli kopanda mavuto ake. Kuopsa kwake kwakukulu ndi vuto lalikulu. Ngati sikusamalidwa bwino, sodium cyanide ikhoza kukhala chiwopsezo chachikulu pa thanzi la anthu ndi chilengedwe. Ngati yatayikira kapena kutayikira, cyanide ikhoza kuipitsa madzi, kupha zamoyo zam'madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kutaya cyanide - yomwe ili ndi matope, omwe akadali ndi cyanide yochepa ndi zitsulo zina zolemera, ndi nkhani yovuta. Malamulo okhwima okhudza zachilengedwe akhazikitsidwa m'maiko ambiri kuti atsimikizire kuti sodium cyanide ikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino komanso kutayidwa bwino m'makampani opanga golide.

Kutulutsa Siliva

1. Njira Zofanana Zogwiritsira Ntchito Cyanide : Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochotsa siliva kuchokera ku miyala yake. Mfundo zake ndi zofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga golide. Miyala yasiliva imachiritsidwa ndi yankho la sodium cyanide, ndipo siliva imapanga complex ya cyanide yosungunuka. Miyala yasiliva ndi cyanide imatha kukonzedwanso kuti ibwezeretse siliva weniweni. Njira zobwezeretsera zitha kuphatikizapo kupopera, electrolysis, kapena kulowetsedwa pa malo oyenera, mofanana ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobwezeretsa golide.

2. Udindo mu Ma Ores Ovuta : Nthawi zambiri, siliva amapezeka mu ma ores ovuta pamodzi ndi zitsulo zina monga lead, zinc, ndi golide. Sodium cyanide imatha kusungunula siliva mosankha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isiyane ndi zigawo zina. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwonjezera phindu la miyala ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zitsulo zonse zamtengo wapatali zikuchotsedwa bwino.

Ntchito mu Metal Plating

1. Kupaka Ma Electroplating : Mu makampani opanga ma electroplating, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo monga mkuwa, siliva, cadmium, ndi zinc. Mu bafa yopangira ma electroplating yokhala ndi cyanide, sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Imagwira ntchito ngati chogwirira ntchito, chomwe chimathandiza kuwongolera kuyika kwa ma ayoni achitsulo pa substrate. Mwachitsanzo, mu copper electroplating, ma ayoni a mkuwa mu yankho amapanga ma complexes ndi ma ayoni a cyanide. Ma ayoni a mkuwa ophatikizidwa amachepetsedwa pa cathode (chinthu chomwe chiyenera kupakidwa) kuti apange mkuwa. Kupezeka kwa cyanide mu bafa yopangira ma plating kungathandize kuti plating ikhale yabwino pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chomwe chimayikidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulo chikhale chofanana komanso chogwirizana.

2. Ubwino wa Kuyika Mapepala : Mabafa opaka ma electroplating okhala ndi Cyanide amapereka zabwino zingapo. Amapereka mphamvu yabwino yoponyera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chitsulocho chimayikidwa mofanana pazinthu zovuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kungathandizenso kuwunikira ndi kusalala kwa gawo lopaka. Komabe, chifukwa cha poizoni wa cyanide, pali chizolowezi chokulirapo chopanga njira zina zopangira ma electroplating osagwiritsa ntchito cyanide. Koma m'magwiritsidwe ena komwe kumafunika ma plating apamwamba, monga m'mafakitale a zodzikongoletsera ndi zamagetsi, ma electroplating okhala ndi cyanide okhala ndi sodium cyanide amagwiritsidwabe ntchito.

Ntchito Zoyenga ndi Kuyeretsa Zitsulo

1. Kuchotsa Zodetsa : Sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyenga zitsulo zina kuti zichotse zodetsa. Mwachitsanzo, poyenga nickel, cyanide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyenga zodetsa monga mkuwa ndi zinc ngati zodetsa zawo za cyanide. Zodetsa zachitsulo ndi cyanide izi za zodetsa zimatha kulekanitsidwa ndi yankho la nickel kudzera mu kusefa kapena njira zina zolekanitsira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nickel ikhale yoyera kwambiri.

2. Kuyeretsa Zitsulo Zamtengo Wapatali : Poyeretsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golide ndi siliva mutachotsa, sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyeretsa zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusungunula ndikuchotsa zodetsa zilizonse zachitsulo zomwe sizinalekanitsidwe kwathunthu panthawi yoyamba kuchotsa. Izi zimathandiza kuti zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zikhale zoyera kwambiri, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zodzikongoletsera, zamagetsi, ndi ndalama.

Malingaliro amtsogolo ndi Njira Zina

1. Fufuzani Njira Zina Zopanda Cyanide : Chifukwa cha poizoni ndi zoopsa zachilengedwe zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi sodium cyanide, pali kafukufuku wofunikira wopanga njira zina zochotsera ndi kukonza zitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, mumakampani opanga migodi ya golide, zinthu zingapo zopanda cyanide zikufufuzidwa, monga thiosulfates, halides, ndi mankhwala ena achilengedwe. Njira zina izi cholinga chake ndi kupereka njira zofanana kapena zabwino zochotsera popanda zoopsa zachilengedwe komanso chitetezo cha cyanide. Komabe, njira zina zambirizi zikadali mu gawo loyesera kapena loyambirira la malonda ndipo zikukumana ndi zovuta monga ndalama zambiri, kusankha kochepa, kapena zofunikira zovuta zokonzera.

2. Kukonza Chitetezo ndi Kusamalira Zachilengedwe : Pakadali pano, makampani opanga zitsulo akuyang'ana kwambiri pakukonza chitetezo ndi kasamalidwe ka chilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Izi zikuphatikizapo kupanga njira zabwino zosungira ndi kusungiramo zinthu, kukonza bwino zinyalala zokhala ndi cyanide, komanso kuyang'anira bwino kuti zitsimikizire kuti malamulo okhudza chilengedwe atsatiridwa.