Udindo wa Sodium Cyanide mu Kusindikiza Zovala ndi Kudaya

Introduction

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), mankhwala omwe ali ndi kulemera kwa molekyulu ya 49.007 g / mol, ndi crystalline yoyera yolimba. Ndiwowopsa kwambiri ndipo umafunika kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri. Ngakhale toxicity yake, sodium cyanide ali ndi maudindo angapo ofunika mu kusindikiza nsalu ndi kudaya makampani. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za izi mwatsatanetsatane, komanso malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake.

Ntchito mu Kusindikiza Zovala ndi Kudaya

1. Mordant mu Njira Zopaka utoto

Mu utoto wa nsalu, a kuluma ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira utoto kumamatira kunsalu. Sodium cyanide imatha kukhala ngati mordant munjira zina zopaka utoto. Amapanga ma complexes okhala ndi ayoni achitsulo omwe amapezeka mumitundu ina ndi ulusi wa nsalu. Mwachitsanzo, pamtundu wa utoto wachilengedwe womwe uli ndi chitsulo - wokhala ndi chromophores (gawo la molekyulu yomwe imayang'anira mtundu), Sodium Cyanide imatha kukulitsa kulumikizana pakati pa utoto ndi ulusi. Izi ndichifukwa choti ion cyanide (CN⁻) imakhala ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu wa ayoni achitsulo. Itha kupanga zinthu zolumikizirana, zomwe zimatsekereza kusiyana pakati pa utoto ndi nsalu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utoto ukhale wosasunthika komanso wokhalitsa.

2. Kaphatikizidwe wa Nsalu Zovala

Pafupifupi ulusi wonse wopangidwa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nsalu umadalira Sodium cyanide pakupanga kwawo. Mwachitsanzo, popanga nayiloni, imodzi mwazitsulo zodziwika bwino, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga adiponitrile, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri yapakati. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kuyambitsa magulu a nitrile. Pankhani ya ulusi wa poliyesitala, ngakhale kuti njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo machitidwe osiyanasiyana a mankhwala poyerekeza ndi nayiloni, sodium cyanide ikhoza kuphatikizidwabe pakupanga zinthu zina zoyambira kapena njira zina zothandizira. Ulusi wopangirawu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga nsalu chifukwa cha zinthu zofunika monga kulimba, kulimba, ndi makwinya - kukana, ndipo sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga.

3. Kupanga Utoto

Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto wosiyanasiyana womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza nsalu ndi utoto. Zimagwira ntchito ngati zopangira popanga mitundu ina ya utoto, makamaka omwe ali ndi zida zovuta zamankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, popanga utoto wonyezimira, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podaya ulusi wa cellulosic ngati thonje, sodium cyanide imatha kuphatikizidwa munjira yophatikizira masitepe ambiri. Utoto wosunthika umapanga mgwirizano wolumikizana ndi mamolekyu a ulusi panthawi yopaka utoto, zomwe zimapereka utoto wabwino kwambiri. Ma cyanide omwe ali ndi mankhwala atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga magulu omwe akugwira ntchito mkati mwa molekyulu ya utoto omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano wogwirizana.

Kuganizira za Chitetezo ndi Zachilengedwe

Popeza kuti ndi poizoni kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide m'makampani opanga nsalu kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa. Kukoka mpweya, kukhudza khungu, kapena kumwa ngakhale pang'ono sodium cyanide kumatha kupha anthu. Zingayambitse maselo kuti asagwiritse ntchito mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo afe mofulumira ndipo pamapeto pake, ngati mlingo wokwanira utengeka, imfa ya munthuyo.

Malinga ndi chilengedwe, kutaya zinyalala zilizonse zomwe zili ndi sodium cyanide ndikofunikira. Ikatulutsidwa m'madzi, sodium cyanide imatha kupanga hydrolyze kupanga mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide, womwenso ndi wapoizoni kwambiri ndipo ukhoza kuwononga zamoyo zam'madzi ndi chilengedwe chozungulira. M’mayiko ambiri, muli malamulo okhwima okhudza kasungidwe, kasamalidwe, ndi katayidwe ka sodium cyanide m’mafakitale, kuphatikizapo malo osindikizira nsalu ndi opaka utoto. Malamulowa amafuna kuchepetsa ngozi za ngozi komanso kuonongeka kwa chilengedwe.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide, ngakhale imadziwika kuti ndi poizoni, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusindikiza nsalu ndi utoto, kuyambira pakuwongolera utoto - kumanga nsalu ngati mordant kukhala gawo lofunikira pakuphatikizika kwa ulusi wansalu ndi utoto. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuopsa kwake komanso kuopsa kwa chilengedwe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Pamene makampani opanga nsalu akupitilirabe kusintha, kuyesayesa kukuchitikanso kuti pakhale njira zina ndi mankhwala omwe atha kupeza zotsatira zomwezo popanda kuopsa kogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide.