Sodium Cyanide: Kumvetsetsa Ntchito Zake, Katundu, ndi Chitetezo Chake

I. Ndondomeko

Sodium cyanide (chilinganizo chamankhwala: NaCN) ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi kafukufuku wasayansi. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake Toxicity ndi zoopsa zomwe zingakhalepo, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito mosamala. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mbali zitatu izi: ntchito, Zidandipo Chitetezo, kuthandiza owerenga kumvetsetsa bwino za mankhwala apaderawa.

II. Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide

1.Metal Processing ndi Metallurgy

• Pachikuz: Monga chimodzi mwa zigawo za njira electroplating, Sodium Cyanide zingathandize kupanga yunifolomu ndi zokutira wandiweyani (monga golide, siliva, mkuwa, etc.) pa zitsulo pamwamba.

• Kutulutsa Golide: Mu njira ya cyanidation yochotsa golide, sodium cyanide imakhudzidwa ndi golide kupanga chosungunuka chosungunuka, motero kulekanitsa golide ndi miyala.

2.Organic Synthesis

• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma cyanides, intermediates mankhwala (monga vitamini B1), utoto, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, etc.

• Monga nucleophilic reagent mu kaphatikizidwe ka organic, imagwira nawo ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamakina.

3.Mapulogalamu a Laboratory

• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati reagent yowunikira (monga kutsimikiza kwa ayoni zitsulo monga cobalt ndi mkuwa), kapena ngati chothandizira pazoyeserera zenizeni.

III. Makhalidwe a Sodium Cyanide

1.Zinthu Zathupi

• Maonekedwe: Makhiristo oyera kapena ufa, womwe umakhala wopanda pake.

• Kutupa: Imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, ndipo njira yamadzimadzi imakhala yamchere kwambiri; amasungunuka pang'ono mu ethanol.

• Melting Point: Pafupifupi 563.7 ° C, ndipo malo otentha ndi pafupifupi 1496 ° C.

2.Chemical Properties

• Toxicity: Poizoni kwambiri. Mlingo wakupha wapakamwa ndi pafupifupi 1 - 2 mg/kg (kwa akulu).

• Kubwezeretsanso: Imachita ndi zidulo kupanga mpweya wapoizoni wa haidrojeni cyanide (HCN); Zitha kuyambitsa chiwawa zikakumana ndi ma okosijeni amphamvu.

• Kukhazikika: Imakhala yokhazikika mumpweya wouma, koma imawola pang'onopang'ono ikakumana ndi madzi kapena mpweya wonyowa, ndikutulutsa mpweya wapoizoni.

IV. Chitetezo

1.Toxicity Mechanism ndi Zowopsa

• Kuopsa kwa Sodium cyanide zimachokera ku cyanide ion (CN⁻) yomwe imatulutsa, yomwe imatha kuletsa ma enzymes opuma a cell, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu hypoxia iwonongeke komanso, pakavuta kwambiri, kufa.

• Zizindikiro Zapoizoni Zowopsa: Mutu, nseru, kupuma movutikira, chisokonezo, ngakhale kukomoka ndi kumangidwa kwa mtima.

2.Kuteteza Njira

• Chitetezo cha Munthu: Valani zovala zodzitchinjiriza, magolovesi, magalasi, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito chigoba cha gasi (chokhala ndi katiriji yosefera).

• Malo Ogwirira: Gwirani ntchito mu fume hood kapena chotsekeka kuti mupewe kufalikira kwa fumbi.

3.Kusungirako ndi Kuyendetsa

• Malo Osindikizidwa: Sungani pamalo owuma ndi ozizira, kutali ndi zidulo, okosijeni, ndi chakudya.

• Kulemba ndi Chenjezo: Chidebecho chiyenera kulembedwa zilembo zochenjeza monga "Toxic Highly" ndi "Corrosive".

4. Chithandizo chadzidzidzi

• Kutayikira Chithandizo: Valani zida zodzitchinjiriza, phimbani ndi mchenga kapena zinthu zoziziritsa zomwe zatuluka, ndipo pewani kukhudza mwachindunji.

• Thandizo Loyamba la Poizoni: Nthawi yomweyo sunthani munthu wapoizoniyo kumalo kumene kuli mpweya wabwino, sungani njira yodutsa mpweya, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga, ndipo dziwitsani achipatala za mankhwalawo.

5.Kutsatira Malamulo

• Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala oopsa omwe amalamulidwa ndi boma. Ndikofunikira kutsatira Malamulo a Chitetezo cha Mankhwala Owopsa a Chemicals, ndipo chilolezo chimafunikira pamayendedwe ake ndikugwiritsa ntchito.

V. Machenjezo a Nkhani

Mu ngozi ya kuphulika kwa Tianjin Port ku 2015. kutuluka kwa sodium cyanide kunakopa chidwi chambiri, kuwonetsa zotsatira zowopsa za kusungidwa kosayenera ndi kasamalidwe. Chochitikachi chimakhala chikumbutso chakuti kunyalanyaza kulikonse kungayambitse zotsatira zoopsa, ndipo nthawi zonse tiyenera kukhala tcheru kwambiri.

VI. Mapeto

Sodium cyanide ndi "lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse". Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake moyenera kumatha kulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwa mafakitale, koma ngati chitetezo chinyalanyazidwa, chingayambitse mavuto. Kumvetsetsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake, katundu, ndi malamulo achitetezo ndi udindo wa aliyense amene akumana nawo. Pokhapokha pochiza mwasayansi ndikutengera njira zodzitetezera zomwe tingathe kutsimikizira chitetezo chaumwini komanso thanzi la chilengedwe.