Sodium Cyanide: Kumvetsetsa Ntchito Zake, Katundu, ndi Chitetezo Chake

I. Ndondomeko

Sodium cyanide (mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala: NaCN) ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'magawo ofufuza mafakitale ndi asayansi. Komabe, chifukwa cha poizoni wake wambiri komanso zoopsa zake, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito mosamala. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza izi kuchokera kuzinthu zitatu: Kugwiritsa Ntchito , Katundu , ndi Machenjezo Oteteza , kuthandiza owerenga kumvetsetsa bwino za mankhwala apaderawa.

II. Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide

1.Metal Processing ndi Metallurgy

• Kupaka Ma Electroplating : Monga chimodzi mwa zigawo za yankho la electroplating, Sodium Cyanide ingathandize kupanga chophimba chofanana komanso chokhuthala (monga golide, siliva, mkuwa, ndi zina zotero) pamwamba pa chitsulo.

• Kuchotsa Golide : Mu njira yochotsera golide, sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito ndi golide kuti ipange chinthu chosungunuka, motero imalekanitsa golide ndi miyala.

2.Organic Synthesis

• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma cyanides, intermediates mankhwala (monga vitamini B1), utoto, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, etc.

• Monga nucleophilic reagent mu kaphatikizidwe ka organic, imagwira nawo ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamakina.

3.Mapulogalamu a Laboratory

• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati reagent yowunikira (monga kutsimikiza kwa ayoni zitsulo monga cobalt ndi mkuwa), kapena ngati chothandizira pazoyeserera zenizeni.

III. Makhalidwe a Sodium Cyanide

1.Zinthu Zathupi

• Mawonekedwe : Makristalo oyera kapena ufa, womwe ndi wosavuta kutulutsa.

• Kusungunuka : Kusungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, ndipo yankho lamadzi ndi la alkaline kwambiri; limasungunuka pang'ono mu ethanol.

• Malo Osungunula : Pafupifupi 563.7°C, ndipo malo owira ndi pafupifupi 1496°C.

2.Chemical Properties

• Kuopsa : Ndi poizoni kwambiri. Mlingo woopsa womwa ndi pafupifupi 1 - 2 mg/kg (kwa akuluakulu).

• Kuchitapo kanthu : Kumakhudzana ndi ma asidi kuti apange mpweya woopsa kwambiri wa hydrogen cyanide (HCN); kungayambitse kuyankha mwamphamvu ikakhudzana ndi ma oxidant amphamvu.

• Kukhazikika : Kukhazikika mumlengalenga wouma, koma kumawola pang'onopang'ono kukakumana ndi madzi kapena mpweya wonyowa, zomwe zimatulutsa mpweya woopsa.

IV. Chitetezo

1.Toxicity Mechanism ndi Zowopsa

• Kuopsa kwa Sodium cyanide kumachokera ku cyanide ion (CN⁻) yomwe imatulutsa, yomwe ingalepheretse ma enzymes opumira m'maselo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu ikhale yopanda mpweya wabwino ndipo, pazochitika zazikulu, imfa.

• Zizindikiro za Poison Woopsa : Mutu, nseru, kupuma movutikira, chisokonezo, komanso ngakhale kugwedezeka ndi kulephera kwa mtima.

2.Kuteteza Njira

• Chitetezo Chaumwini : Valani zovala zodzitetezera, magolovesi, magalasi a maso, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito chigoba cha gasi (ndi katiriji yosefera).

• Malo Ogwirira Ntchito : Gwiritsani ntchito mu chivundikiro cha utsi kapena makina otsekedwa kuti fumbi lisafalikire.

3.Kusungirako ndi Kuyendetsa

• Kusunga Kotsekedwa : Sungani pamalo ouma komanso ozizira, kutali ndi ma acid, ma oxidants, ndi chakudya.

• Zolemba ndi Chenjezo : Chidebecho chiyenera kukhala ndi zilembo zochenjeza monga "Zoopsa Kwambiri" ndi "Zowononga".

4. Chithandizo chadzidzidzi

• Chithandizo cha Kutaya Madzi : Valani zida zodzitetezera, phimbani chinthu chotaya madzi ndi mchenga kapena zinthu zosagwira ntchito, ndipo pewani kukhudzana mwachindunji.

• Thandizo Loyamba la Poizoni : Muzimusuntha munthu wovulalayo nthawi yomweyo kupita kumalo okhala ndi mpweya wabwino, sungani njira yopumira mpweya bwino, funani thandizo lachipatala mwachangu momwe mungathere, ndipo dziwitsani ogwira ntchito zachipatala za poizoniyo.

5.Kutsatira Malamulo

• Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala oopsa omwe amalamulidwa ndi boma. Ndikofunikira kutsatira Malamulo a Chitetezo cha Mankhwala Owopsa a Chemicals, ndipo chilolezo chimafunikira pamayendedwe ake ndikugwiritsa ntchito.

V. Machenjezo a Nkhani

Mu ngozi ya kuphulika kwa Tianjin Port ku 2015. kutuluka kwa sodium cyanide kunakopa chidwi chambiri, kuwonetsa zotsatira zowopsa za kusungidwa kosayenera ndi kasamalidwe. Chochitikachi chimakhala chikumbutso chakuti kunyalanyaza kulikonse kungayambitse zotsatira zoopsa, ndipo nthawi zonse tiyenera kukhala tcheru kwambiri.

VI. Mapeto

Sodium cyanide ndi "lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse". Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake moyenera kumatha kulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwa mafakitale, koma ngati chitetezo chinyalanyazidwa, chingayambitse mavuto. Kumvetsetsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake, katundu, ndi malamulo achitetezo ndi udindo wa aliyense amene akumana nawo. Pokhapokha pochiza mwasayansi ndikutengera njira zodzitetezera zomwe tingathe kutsimikizira chitetezo chaumwini komanso thanzi la chilengedwe.