Njira ndi Njira Zochotsera Cyanide pa Sulfide Mineral Surfaces

Introduction

Mu njira zoyeretsera ndi kusungunula zitsulo zopanda chitsulo, Cyanide nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa kubweza zitsulo. Komabe, cyanide yomwe imatsala pamwamba pa zitsulo za sulfide sikuti imangokhudza njira zotsatizana komanso imayambitsa mavuto aakulu azachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, kupanga njira zogwira mtima komanso zosamalira chilengedwe zochotsera cyanide pamwamba pa zitsulo za sulfide ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Mkhalidwe Wamakono ndi Zowopsa za Cyanide Residue pa Sulfide Mineral Surfaces

Mkhalidwe Wapano

Mwachikhalidwe choyandama cha miyala ya sulfide, cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati choletsa. Ikhoza kulepheretsa mwapadera mchere wina wosafunikira mu miyala ya sulfide, motero imakwaniritsa kulekanitsa kwa mchere womwe umakhudzidwa ndi mchere wa gangue. Koma pambuyo pa kuyandama, kuchuluka kwa cyanide kumakopa pamwamba pa miyala ya sulfide. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wofunikira, m'magawo ena, cyanide yomwe ili pamwamba pa miyala ya sulfide imakhazikika pambuyo poyandama imatha kufika mamiligalamu mazana angapo pa kilogalamu.

Ngozi

Kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, cyanide yotsalayo idzasokoneza njira yosungunuka yosungunuka. Mwachitsanzo, pakusungunula miyala yamkuwa ya sulfide, cyanide imapanga zinthu zamkuwa, zomwe zimachepetsa kusungunula kwa mkuwa ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Kuchokera ku chilengedwe, cyanide ndi chinthu chakupha kwambiri. Madzi otayira amchere okhala ndi cyanide akatayidwa kumalo achilengedwe, amawononga matupi amadzi ndi dothi, kuyika zamoyo zam'madzi ndi zomera zowazungulira, komanso kuyika chiwopsezo ku thanzi la anthu kudzera muzakudya.

Njira Zochotsera Cyanide pa Sulfide Mineral Surfaces

Njira ya Oxidation

1.Chemical Oxidation Njira

• Mfundo yofunika: Gwiritsani ntchito ma oxidant amphamvu kuti muwonjezere cyanide kukhala zinthu zopanda poizoni kapena zopanda poizoni. Ma oxidant wamba ndi hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), ndi zina zotero. Potengera hydrogen peroxide mwachitsanzo, yankho lake ndi: (2CN+5H2O2 = 2HCO3 + N2↑+4H2O).

• Njira Yogwirira Ntchito : Choyamba, ikani sulfide ore pulp yokhala ndi cyanide mu thanki yochitira zinthu ndikusintha pH ya pulp kukhala yoyenerera (nthawi zambiri, kuti hydrogen peroxide oxidation ipitirire, pH iyenera kukhala pakati pa 9 - 11). Kenako, pang'onopang'ono onjezerani hydrogen peroxide solution mukuyambitsa kuti oxidant igwirizane bwino ndi pulp. Nthawi yochitira zinthu nthawi zambiri imakhala kuyambira ola limodzi mpaka atatu, ndipo nthawi yeniyeniyo imadalira kuchuluka kwa cyanide mu pulp ndi mawonekedwe a mineral.

• Ubwino : Liwiro la kuyankhidwa ndi lachangu, ndipo mphamvu yochotsera cyanide ndi yabwino, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide mpaka pamlingo wochepa.

• Zoyipa : Ma oxide monga hydrogen peroxide ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo ma oxidant ochulukirapo amatha kukhudza njira zowonjezerera kapena zosungunulira.

Njira ya Adsorption

1.Activated Carbon Adsorption Njira

• Mfundo : Carbon Yogwira Ntchito ili ndi malo akuluakulu apadera komanso ma pore olemera, omwe amatha kuyamwa cyanide pamwamba pake kudzera mu kuyamwa kwa thupi ndi mankhwala.

• Njira Yogwirira Ntchito : Onjezani Mpweya Woyambitsa mu sulfide ore pulp yokhala ndi cyanide ndikusakaniza bwino kuti mpweya woyambitsa ugwirizane kwathunthu ndi cyanide mu pulp. Nthawi yomutsira nthawi zambiri imakhala mphindi 30 mpaka maola awiri. Mukamaliza kulowetsa, lekanitsani mpweya woyambitsa kuchokera ku pulp pogwiritsa ntchito kusefa kapena njira zina.

• Ubwino : Ntchitoyi ndi yosavuta, ndipo imakhudza bwino kuyamwa kwa cyanide yochepa. Mpweya woyaka ukhoza kubwezeretsedwanso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito.

• Zoyipa : Pa cyanide yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu, mphamvu ya adsorption imakhala yochepa, ndipo kusagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa kaboni woyatsidwa ndi adsorbed kungayambitse kuipitsidwa kwina.

2.Ion - Kusinthana kwa Resin Adsorption Njira

• Mfundo : Ma resini osinthana a Ion ali ndi magulu enaake ogwira ntchito omwe amatha kusinthana ndi ma ayoni omwe ali mu cyanide, motero amakoka cyanide pa utomoni.

• Njira Yogwirira Ntchito : Ikani utomoni wa ayoni mu mzere wosinthira ndikupangitsa kuti sulfide ore pulp yokhala ndi cyanide idutse mu mzere wosinthira. Yang'anirani kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka kuti muwonetsetse kuti cyanide ikusinthana mokwanira ndi utomoni. Utomoni ukadzazidwa ndi madzi, gwiritsani ntchito eluent yapadera kuti mutulutse utomoni ndikubwezeretsanso utomoni.

• Ubwino : Ili ndi mphamvu yosankha kwambiri ya cyanide ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza.

• Zoyipa : Mtengo wa utomoni ndi wokwera, njira yopangira utomoni ndi yovuta, ndipo zinyalala zamadzimadzi zokhala ndi cyanide zimatha kupangidwa.

Njira Zina

1.Acid - Base Neutralization Njira

• Mfundo : Pazifukwa zina, cyanide imakumana ndi ma hydrolysis m'malo okhala ndi acid kapena alkaline kuti ipange zinthu zochepa poizoni kapena zopanda poizoni. Mwachitsanzo, mu mkhalidwe wa acidic, cyanide imachita ndi ma hydrogen ions kuti ipange hydrocyanic acid (HCN), yomwe imatha kuchotsedwa mwa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha; mu mkhalidwe wa alkaline, cyanide imasungunuka ndi madzi kuti ipange cyanate ndi zinthu zina.

• Njira Yogwirira Ntchito : Ngati asidi hydrolysis yagwiritsidwa ntchito, pang'onopang'ono onjezerani njira za asidi monga sulfuric acid yochepetsedwa ku sulfide ore pulp yokhala ndi cyanide, sinthani pH kukhala 2 - 4. Kenako onjezerani mpweya kuti hydrocyanic acid yopangidwa isinthe. Ngati alkaline hydrolysis yagwiritsidwa ntchito, onjezerani zinthu za alkaline monga sodium hydroxide, sinthani pH kukhala 10 - 12. ndipo chitapo kanthu kwa nthawi inayake (nthawi zambiri maola 2 - 4).

• Ubwino : Mtengo wake ndi wotsika, ndipo ntchito yake ndi yosavuta.

• Zoyipa : Hydrocyanic acid yomwe imapangidwa panthawi ya acidic hydrolysis ndi yoopsa kwambiri ndipo imafuna njira zodzitetezera mwamphamvu; liwiro la alkaline hydrolysis reaction ndi lochepa, ndipo pakhoza kukhalabe ndi zotsalira zochepa za cyanide pambuyo pa chithandizo.

Mapangidwe a Flow Flow Pochotsa Cyanide pa Sulfide Mineral Surfaces

Pretreatment Stage

1. Kusintha kwa Madontho : Sinthani kuchuluka kwa pulp ya sulfide ore mukatha kuyandama. Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa madontho kumayendetsedwa pakati pa 20% - 40% kuti mulandire chithandizo china. Nthawi yomweyo, pezani kuchuluka koyamba kwa cyanide mu pulp kuti mupereke maziko odziwira magawo otsatira a njira.

2. Kuchotsa Zodetsa : Chotsani zinyalala zazikulu ndi zina zolimba zomwe zapachikidwa mu zamkati mwa kusefa, kuyika dothi, ndi zina zotero, kuti zisasokoneze njira zochizira zotsatira.

Gawo Lochotsa

1. Kusankha Njira : Sankhani njira yoyenera yochotsera malinga ndi zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa cyanide mu zamkati, katundu wa miyala, mtengo wa chithandizo, ndi zofunikira zoteteza chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, pa cyanide yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu komanso milandu yomwe mtengo wake si wofunika, njira ya Oxidation ya mankhwala ingaperekedwe patsogolo; pazochitika zosadziwika bwino za cyanide yokhala ndi kuchuluka kochepa komanso zachilengedwe, njira ya oxidation yachilengedwe kapena njira yotsatsira ingakhale yoyenera kwambiri.

2. Kuwongolera Ma Parameter a Njira : Potengera hydrogen peroxide oxidation mu njira ya Chemical oxidation monga chitsanzo, wongolerani mosamala kuchuluka kwa hydrogen peroxide yomwe yawonjezeredwa (nthawi zambiri imawerengedwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa cyanide ndi equation ya reaction), kutentha kwa reaction (nthawi zambiri 20 - 30℃), pH value (9 - 11), ndi liwiro loyambitsa (100 - 300 revolutions pa mphindi) ndi magawo ena kuti muwonetsetse kuti reaction ikuyenda bwino.

Post - mankhwala Gawo

1. Kulekanitsa Madzi Olimba : Lekanitsani zamkati mutachotsa cyanide powasefa, kugawa madzi m'maselo, ndi zina zotero kuti mupeze zinthu zoyeretsedwa za sulfide ore ndi madzi otayira okhala ndi cyanide yochepa.

2. Kukonza Madzi Otayidwa : Sungani madzi otayidwa olekanitsidwawo kuti akwaniritse miyezo ya dziko lonse yotulutsira madzi. Kusungunuka kwa okosijeni, kulowetsedwa kwa madzi, ndi njira zina zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa cyanide m'madzi otayidwawo kuti zitsimikizire kuti madziwo atuluka bwino.

Kutsiliza

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochotsera cyanide pamwamba pa miyala ya sulfide, ndipo njira iliyonse ili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zake. Pakugwiritsa ntchito, ndikofunikira kuganizira mozama zinthu monga zida za ore, ndende ya cyanide, mtengo wamankhwala, komanso zofunikira pachitetezo cha chilengedwe kuti musankhe njira zoyenera ndikuyenda. Pokhala ndi zovuta zoteteza chilengedwe komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, kupangidwa kwamatekinoloje ogwira mtima, okonda zachilengedwe, komanso otsika mtengo ochotsa cyanide pamwamba pa miyala ya sulfide ndiye njira yayikulu yofufuzira m'tsogolomu. Kupyolera mu kukhathamiritsa kopitilira muyeso, akuyembekezeka kukwaniritsa zero - kutulutsa kwa cyanide pakupindula ndi kusungunula kwa ores a sulfide ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika chamakampani osakhala achitsulo.