Kuchepetsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide mu Gold Concentrate Leaching

Introduction

M'makampani a migodi ya golide, a ndondomeko ya cyanidation amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa golide golide wokhazikikas. Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pochita izi chifukwa imagwira ntchito ndi golide kuti ipange zinthu zosungunuka zagolide za cyanide, zomwe zimatha kukonzedwanso kuti golide abweze. Komabe, kumwa kwambiri kwa sodium cyanide sikungowonjezera ndalama zopangira zinthu komanso kumayambitsa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe chifukwa cha poizoni wa cyanide. Choncho, kupeza njira zothandiza kuchepetsa Sodium Cyanide kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa golide kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwakukulu pazifukwa zachuma komanso zachilengedwe.

Zomwe Zimakhudza Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide

Mineralogy of Gold Concentrate

Kapangidwe ka golide wokhazikika kumakhudza kwambiri Sodium cyanide kumwa. Mchere monga pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, ndi mchere wina wa sulfide amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi cyanide ndi okosijeni panthawi ya leaching. Pyrite, mwachitsanzo, imatha kukhala oxidized pamaso pa okosijeni ndi cyanide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya iron-cyanide ndikugwiritsa ntchito cyanide. Kuphatikiza apo, mchere wamkuwa ungayambitsenso kumwa kwa cyanide. Mkuwa umapanga zinthu zokhazikika za cyanide, ndipo pakakhala mkuwa wambiri munjira yolowera, kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide kumafunika kuchulukitsidwa kuti golide azigwira ntchito, ndikukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwa cyanide.

Leaching Conditions

PH Mtengo

PH ya leaching slurry ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Cyanide ilipo m'njira zosiyanasiyana pa pH yosiyana. Pa pH yotsika, cyanide imatha hydrolyze kupanga hydrogen cyanide, chinthu chosasinthika komanso chovulaza. Pofuna kupewa izi, pH ya leaching system nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwera, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 10 - 11.5. Koma pH yokwera kwambiri imatha kusokoneza njira yodutsira, monga kuchepetsa zochita za michere ina kapena kuyambitsa mvula ya ayoni achitsulo, zomwe zingakhudze mphamvu ya leaching ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito ma cyanide.

Aeration ndi Oxygen Supply

Mpweya wokwanira wokwanira wa okosijeni ndi wofunikira kuti golide ukhale wobiriwira komanso kuti apange zinthu zagolide-cyanide. Kusakwanira kwa mpweya kapena mpweya wochepa wa okosijeni ukhoza kuchedwetsa kachitidwe ka leaching, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchotsa kosakwanira komanso kukakamiza kuwonjezera kwa cyanide kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino. Kumbali inayi, kutulutsa mpweya wambiri kumatha kubweretsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni osafunikira a mchere wina womwe uli mkati mwake, ndikuwonjezera kumwa kwa cyanide.

Njira Zochepetsera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide

Kukonzekera kwa Gold Concentrate

Kukonzekera kwa Oxidative

Njira zopangira ma oxidative pretreatment zitha kuthetsa kapena kusintha mchere wowononga cyanide mu golide. Kuwotcha ndi njira yodziwika bwino, komwe kutenthetsa kokhazikika pamaso pa okosijeni kumatulutsa mchere wa sulfide ndikusintha mchere wokhala ndi chitsulo kukhala mawonekedwe okhazikika, kumachepetsa reactivity yawo ndi cyanide panthawi ya leaching wotsatira. Komabe, kuwotcha kumakhala ndi zovuta zina monga kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso kuwononga chilengedwe. Bio-oxidation, pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, ndi njira yochepetsetsa, yosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, komanso yothandiza zachilengedwe. Imawonjezera oxidize mchere wa sulfide, kuchotsa bwino omwe amadya cyanide ndikuchepetsa kufunikira kwa sodium cyanide pakulecha.

Kuyandama kwa Kuchotsa Mkuwa

Kuyika kwa golide kukakhala ndi mchere wambiri wamkuwa, kuyandama kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yopangiratu. Polekanitsa mchere wamkuwa kuchokera ku gawo lokhala ndi golidi, amachepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide chifukwa cha kupanga mkuwa-cyanide. Zotsalira zokhala ndi golidi zotsalira zimatha kulowetsedwa ndi cyanide ndi mlingo wochepa wa sodium cyanide.

Kukhathamiritsa kwa Leaching Conditions

Kuwongolera pH

Kusunga pH yoyenera komanso yokhazikika ndikofunikira. Laimu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha pH ya leaching slurry. Sikuti amangokweza pH kuti ateteze cyanide hydrolysis komanso amathandizira kuchepetsa kumwa kwa cyanide mwa kulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa mkuwa ndikuletsa kupanga zinthu zina zowononga cyanide. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa laimu ayenera mosamala ankalamulira, monga mopitirira muyeso laimu angayambitse mpweya wa ayoni opindulitsa zitsulo kapena kuonjezera slurry mamasukidwe akayendedwe, kulepheretsa reactant mayamwidwe. Kafukufuku woyeserera akuwonetsa kuti kuwonjezera pafupifupi 1 - 2 kg/t ya laimu kuti musinthe pH kukhala pafupifupi 10.5 - 11.5 nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino pakuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito cyanide ndikusunga golide wambiri.

Kukonzekera kwa Aeration

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti golide woyengedwa bwino ndi sodium cyanide yochepa, kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumafunika kukhathamiritsa. Zomera zambiri za golide za cyanidation zimagwiritsa ntchito ma compressor a mpweya otsika, opanda mafuta popereka mpweya. Njira monga kuyika kabowo kakang'ono kumapeto kwa chitoliro chothandizira mpweya kuti apange thovu zingapo zazing'ono zazing'ono zimatha kuwonjezera malo olumikizana pakati pa okosijeni ndi slurry, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya okosijeni ya golide ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito sianidi kosafunikira. Kuyika valavu yoyang'anira kuti mupewe kubweza kwa mpweya kumathandizanso kuti mpweya ukhale wokhazikika. Kusintha kwa mpweya molingana ndi momwe mpweya umayendera komanso momwe mpweya umayendera kumathandiza kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale wokwanira mu slurry, kulimbikitsa kutuluka kwa golide ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito sianidi.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zowonjezera

Zowonjezera Zowonjezera Zotsogolera

Kuonjezera zowonjezera zokhala ndi lead, monga lead nitrate, cyanide leaching isanachepetse kungachepetse kumwa kwa sodium cyanide. Ma ion otsogolera amakumana ndi zonyansa monga ma sulfide ions mu golide wokhazikika kuti apange madzi osasungunuka, kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwawo pakutulutsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, mu leaching golide ores ndi mkulu sulfide mchere okhutira, kuwonjezera 300 - 600 g/t wa nitrate nitrate pamodzi ndi zamchere pretreatment kwa maola 2 - 3 akhoza kuchepetsa kumwa sodium cyanide kuchokera 2500 - 3000 g/t kuti 1200 - 1500 g/t ndi kuonjezera 2% golide leaching mlingo ndi 4%.

Alternative Lixiviants kapena Additives

Ma lixiviants ena kapena zowonjezera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi cyanide kuti muchepetse kumwa kwa cyanide. Glycine, amino acid wopanda poizoni, wobwezeretsedwanso, komanso wowonongeka, ndi imodzi mwanjira zotere. Nthawi zina, ukadaulo wa glycine-based leaching technology wapeza kuchepa kwakukulu kwa cyanide ndikusunga mitengo yobwezeretsa golide yofanana ndi njira zachikhalidwe za cyanidation. Kuphatikizira zinthu zina zowonjezera kungathandizenso kunyowa kwa tinthu tating'ono ta golide komanso kufalikira kwa ma reactants mu leaching slurry, zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa kumwa kwa sodium cyanide pamlingo wina.

Kutsiliza

Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide munjira yolumikizira golide ndi ntchito yovuta koma yofunika. Pomvetsetsa zomwe zimalimbikitsa kumwa kwa cyanide ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira monga kusamalidwa, kukhathamiritsa mikhalidwe ya leaching, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kumatha kutheka. Izi zimapindulitsa mabizinesi amigodi ya golide pachuma pochepetsa mtengo wopangira ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa chilengedwe chokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide. Kafukufuku wopitilira ndi zatsopano m'derali akuyembekezeka kutulutsa bwino komanso osakonda zachilengedwe kutulutsa golide njira mtsogolo.