Zinthu Zofunika Zomwe Zikukhudza Golide wa Cyanidation Leaching

Kuchotsa golide mu golide, njira yofunikira kwambiri mumakampani opanga golide, kumaphatikizapo kusungunula golide mu yankho lamadzi la cyanide kuti atulutse chitsulo chamtengo wapatalicho. Ngakhale kuti ndi yothandiza kwambiri, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa njira iyi kumadalira zinthu zingapo zofunika zomwe mainjiniya ndi ogwira ntchito m'migodi ayenera kuwongolera mosamala. Kumvetsetsa zinthu izi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakubwezeretsa golide bwino komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

1. Cyanide Concentration

Kuchuluka kwa cyanide mu njira yochotsera golide ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti golide agwire bwino ntchito. Ma ayoni a Cyanide amapanga ma complexes okhazikika ndi golide, zomwe zimathandiza kuti asungunuke. Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa Cyanide kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa golide wochotsedwa. Komabe, ubalewu si wofanana. Pa kuchuluka kochepa, kusakanikirana kosakwanira kumachitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide asungunuke mokwanira. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuchuluka kwa cyanide kwambiri kungayambitse ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito, zoopsa zachilengedwe chifukwa cha kutayikira kwa cyanide, komanso kusokoneza njira zobwezeretsera golide pambuyo pake.

Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa cyanide kwa 0.01% - 0.1% kumalimbikitsidwa pamiyala yambiri yagolide. Kwa ore osakanizika okhala ndi ma mineralogical ovuta, kuyika kwakukulu kungakhale kofunikira, koma izi zimafunika kuganiziridwa mosamala kuti muzitha kutulutsa bwino ndi zovuta zachilengedwe komanso zachuma.

2. pH Mulingo wa Zamkati

Kusunga mulingo woyenera wa pH mu zamkati za cyanidation ndikofunikira pakusungunuka kwa golide. Mayankho a cyanide ali ndi pH kwambiri - tcheru; pamtengo wotsika wa pH, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), chinthu chokhazikika komanso chapoizoni, amapangika, amachepetsa kupezeka kwa ayoni aulere a cyanide opangira golide. Kuphatikiza apo, acidic acid imatha kuyambitsa kusungunuka kwa mchere wina, monga chitsulo ndi mkuwa, zomwe zimatha kudya cyanide ndikusokoneza kuchotsa golide.

Malo a alkaline pang'ono, okhala ndi pH yosiyana 10 - 11. ndi abwino kwa golide cyanidation. Laimu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pH regulator chifukwa champhamvu yake pakusunga alkalinity, mtengo - wogwira mtima, komanso kuthekera kwake kupondereza ma oxidation a mchere wa sulfide womwe ungapikisane ndi golide wa cyanide.

3. Kupereka Oxygen

Oxygen ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga golide wa cyanidation, kupangitsa kuti oxidation wa golide apange golide wosungunuka - cyanide complexes. Kupezeka kwa okosijeni wokwanira kumakulitsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa golide. Popanda mpweya wokwanira, zomwe zimachitika zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide ayambe kuchira.

Njira zowonetsetsa kuti mpweya wa okosijeni uzikhala ndi mpweya, jekeseni wa okosijeni, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma oxidizing agents. Kuvuta kwa mpweya ndiyo njira yodziwika bwino komanso yotsika mtengo, koma kuti muzule bwino, makamaka pakuchita zazikulu, jekeseni wa okosijeni weniweni angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kusankha kwa njira yoperekera mpweya kumadalira zinthu monga mtundu wa ore, kuchuluka kwa mbewu, komanso kuthekera kwachuma.

4. Tinthu Kukula kwa Ore

Kukula kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono kwa ore kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga cyanidation. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timawonjezera malo omwe alipo kuti achitepo pakati pa golide ndi yankho la cyanide, ndikufulumizitsa kusungunuka. Komabe, kugaya mopitirira muyeso kuti tikwaniritse kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumawononga ndalama zambiri zamphamvu ndipo kungapangitse kupanga matope, omwe angalepheretse golide - cyanide kupanga zovuta komanso kulekana kolimba - kwamadzimadzi.

Mlingo uyenera kuchitidwa; Nthawi zambiri, kugaya miyalayo mpaka kukula komwe 80 - 90% ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono timadutsa mu sieve ya 74 - μm (200 - mesh) imatengedwa kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri pantchito zambiri zagolide za cyanidation. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe okwanira pamtunda ndikuwonetsetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi mapangidwe amatope.

5. Kutentha

Kutentha kumakhudza kinetics ya gold cyanidation reaction. Kutentha kwapamwamba nthawi zambiri kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachitika, chifukwa zimapereka mphamvu zambiri zamakinetic ku mamolekyu omwe timachitapo kanthu, ndikufulumizitsa mapangidwe a golide - cyanide complexes. Komabe, kutentha kokwera kumawonjezeranso kusinthasintha kwa cyanide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cyanide iwonongeke komanso kuopsa kwa chitetezo.

M'malo mwake, golide cyanidation nthawi zambiri imachitika pa kutentha kozungulira chifukwa cha malonda - kuchokera pakati pa kukweza kwa kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachitika komanso kuchuluka kwa cyanide. Kwa ores ena kapena ntchito zapadera, kutentha kwapakati (mpaka 40 - 50 ° C) kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa bwino kwinaku mukuwongolera mosamala ma evaporation a cyanide ndi chitetezo.

6. Mapangidwe a Mineralogical Ore

Kukhalapo kwa mchere wosiyanasiyana mu ore kumatha kukhudza kwambiri golide wa cyanidation. Mchere wa sulfide, monga pyrite ndi arsenopyrite, amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi cyanide ndi okosijeni, kuwononga ma reagents ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa kwagolide. Mchere wina ukhozanso kupanga mankhwala osasungunuka ndi golide kapena cyanide, zomwe zimalepheretsa kupanga golide wosungunuka - cyanide complexes.

Njira zochizira zisanachitike, monga kuwotcha, kutulutsa mpweya, kapena kutulutsa kwachilengedwe kwa bio-oxidation, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti aphwanye mchere wosakanizidwa ndikutulutsa golide wotsekeka, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya cyanidation. Kumvetsetsa mineralogy yeniyeni ya ore ndikofunikira kuti musankhe njira zoyenera zochizira komanso kuwongolera njira ya cyanidation.

Pomaliza, kuchotsa golide mu cyanidation ndi njira yovuta yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zogwirizana. Mwa kuwongolera mosamala kuchuluka kwa cyanide, pH ya zamkati, kupezeka kwa mpweya, kukula kwa tinthu ta mkuwa, kutentha, komanso kuthana ndi mavuto a mineralization a miyala, ntchito zamigodi zitha kukulitsa kubwezeretsa golide, kukonza phindu lachuma, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chilengedwe chikhale chokhazikika. Kafukufuku wopitilira komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo m'munda uno cholinga chake ndikuwongolera njira izi ndikuthana ndi zopinga zokhudzana ndi njira zachikhalidwe zochotsera golide mu cyanidation.