Kuwononga Kuwonongeka kwa Sodium Cyanide mu Njira Yoyeretsera Golide

Introduction

Kuyenga golide ndi njira yovuta yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuyeretsa golide kuchokera ku miyala yake kapena mitundu yodetsedwa. Pakati pa njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito Sodium cyanide pakuchotsa ndi kuyeretsa golide kwakhala kofala kwa nthawi yayitali. Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakulekanitsa golide ndi miyala yake kudzera mu njira yotchedwa Cyanide leaching . Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa kwambiriwa kumabweretsa zoopsa zazikulu zachilengedwe ndi thanzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulamulira kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya kukhale kofunikira kwambiri.

Udindo wa Sodium Cyanide mu Kuyenga Golide

Njira ya Cyanide Leaching

Kuchotsa mchere wa Cyanide ndi njira yodziwika bwino pakukumba ndi kuyeretsa golide. Sodium cyanide (NaCN) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula golide kuchokera mu mkuwa. Pakakhala mpweya, Sodium Cyanide imagwira ntchito ndi golide kuti ipange ma complexes a golide osungunuka a cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, pakuchotsa mchere wa mumkuwa, mayankho a cyanide amathiridwa pa milu ya miyala yophwanyika yomwe imafalikira pamapepala akuluakulu osonkhanitsira. Yankho la cyanide limadutsa mumkuwa wa miyala, ndikusungunula golide, yemwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu yankho. Pakuchotsa mchere wa mumkuwa, komwe kumachitika m'malo olamulidwa bwino monga matanki akuluakulu, njirayi ndi yofanana, koma imapanga zinthu zotayira ngati zinthu zotayira.

Zomwe Zimakhudzidwa ndi Chemical

Mu kuyamwa kwa cyanide kwa golide, sodium cyanide , pamodzi ndi mpweya ndi madzi, imayanjana ndi golide mu miyala. Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mankhwala osungunuka omwe ali ndi golide. Mankhwala osungunuka a golide awa amatha kukonzedwanso kudzera mu njira zotsatirazi kuti apeze golide woyera.

Kuopsa kwa Kuwonongeka kwa Sodium Cyanide

Mphamvu Zachilengedwe

Kuwonongeka kwa cyanide kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zowononga chilengedwe. Ngati mayankho a cyanide atuluka kuchokera kuzinthu zosungiramo zinthu monga akasinja, maiwe, kapena panthawi ya mayendedwe, amatha kuyipitsa nthaka, mabwalo amadzi, ndi mpweya. M'madzi, cyanide imatha kupha zamoyo zam'madzi, ndikusokoneza chilengedwe chonse. Mwachitsanzo, imatha kulepheretsa kupuma kwa nsomba ndi zamoyo zina za m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zife. M'nthaka, cyanide imatha kusokoneza kukula kwa zomera ndi ntchito zazing'ono zam'nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yosayenera ulimi.

Ngozi Zaumoyo kwa Anthu

Sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri kwa anthu. Ngakhale zochepa zimatha kupha. Kukoka mpweya, kumeza, kapena kukhudzana ndi khungu ndi cyanide kungayambitse poyizoni. Cyanide imalepheretsa mphamvu ya thupi kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya, zomwe zimatsogolera ku zizindikiro monga kupuma mofulumira, chizungulire, mutu, ndipo nthawi zambiri, kupuma kulephera ndi imfa. Kuwonetsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwa cyanide kungathenso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino pamanjenje, chithokomiro, ndi ziwalo zina.

Njira Zowononga Kuwononga

Ulamuliro Waumisiri

Containment Systems

Kusunga Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri : Zophimba za polyurea zapamwamba nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba pamwamba pa matanki osungiramo zinthu, maiwe osungiramo zinthu, ndi mabeseni osungiramo zinthu komwe njira za cyanide zimasungidwa. Polyurea imapereka kukana kwabwino kwa mankhwala, kuteteza zotsatira za cyanide pazinthu zosungiramo zinthu. Imakhalanso ndi nthawi yochira mwachangu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ikhazikike mwachangu komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito m'migodi.

Kusunga Zinthu Zachiwiri : Kuwonjezera pa ma liners oyambira, njira zina zosungiramo zinthu ndizofunikira. Zophimba za polyurea zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi, makoma, ndi malo ena ozungulira malo osungiramo zinthu oyamba. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale gawo lothandizira kuti ligwire kutayikira kulikonse kapena kutayikira. Ngakhale ngati chosungiramo choyamba chalephera chifukwa cha zinthu zosayembekezereka monga kuwonongeka kwa makina kapena dzimbiri, chosungiramo chachiwiri chingalepheretse cyanide kutuluka m'chilengedwe.

Njira Zodziwira Leak

Kuyika makina apamwamba ozindikira kutayikira ndikofunikira. Makinawa amatha kuwunika mosalekeza kukhulupirika kwa zida zosungira. Mwachitsanzo, makina ena amagwiritsa ntchito masensa kuti azindikire kusintha kwa kuthamanga, kuyenda, kapena kupanga mankhwala mkati mwa makina osungira. Ngati kutayikira kwapezeka, kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga kuti apewe kuipitsidwanso.

Kukhathamiritsa kwa Njira

Njira Zina Zophunzitsira

Ofufuza nthawi zonse amafufuza njira zina zopangira cyanide leaching kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Imodzi mwa njira zimenezi ndi bioleaching, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kutulutsa golide mu miyalayi. Mabakiteriya ena amatha oxidize sulfure - kukhala ndi mchere mu ore, kutulutsa golide. Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kwambiri ku chilengedwe chifukwa simaphatikizirapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa monga cyanide. Njira inanso ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito thiosulfate leaching, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mchere wa thiosulfate m'malo mwa cyanide kusungunula golide. Ngakhale kuti thiosulfate leaching ili ndi zovuta zake monga kuwongolera njira zovuta komanso kuchepa kwa golide nthawi zina, imapereka njira yothetsera kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa cyanide.

Kupititsa patsogolo Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri

Kuwongolera njira yobwezeretsanso golide kungathandizenso kuwononga chilengedwe. Pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a golide kuchokera ku cyanide solutions, zinyalala zocheperapo za cyanide zidzapangidwa. Njira zamakono zosefera ndi kulekanitsa zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti golidi wochuluka momwe angathere amachotsedwa ku njira za cyanide zisanatayidwe. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide yomwe imayenera kuthandizidwa muzowonongeka.

zinyalala Management

Chithandizo cha Cyanide - Chokhala ndi Zinyalala

Cyanide - yomwe ili ndi zinyalala, monga ma tailing a tank leaching, imayenera kusamalidwa bwino kuti ichepetse kawopsedwe. Njira imodzi yochiritsira yodziwika bwino ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito makutidwe ndi okosijeni wamankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera hydrogen peroxide (\(H_2O_2\)) kapena klorini - zochokera ku okosijeni ku cyanide - zomwe zili ndi zinyalala zimatha kusintha cyanide kukhala mankhwala owopsa kwambiri. Kupyolera mu ndondomeko ya okosijeni iyi, chiwopsezo chambiri cha cyanide chimachepetsedwa.

Kutaya Zinyalala Zosamalidwa Motetezedwa

Pambuyo pa chithandizo, zinyalalazo ziyenera kutayidwa bwino. Michira imatha kusungidwa muzitsulo zopangidwa mwapadera zomwe zimakutidwa ndi zida kuti zisamatayike. Zotsekerazi ziyenera kukhala m'malo omwe kulibe chiopsezo chocheperako chowononga magwero a madzi kapena madera ena ovuta kwambiri. Kuwunika pafupipafupi kwa zotsekera ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe kutayikira komwe kumachitika pakapita nthawi.

Kutsatira Koyang'anira

Malamulo ndi Malamulo Oyendetsera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Cyanide

Pali malamulo ndi malangizo okhwima m'madera, m'dziko, komanso padziko lonse lapansi omwe amalamulira kugwiritsa ntchito, kusunga, kunyamula, ndi kutaya sodium cyanide mumakampani oyeretsera golide . Mwachitsanzo, m'maiko ambiri, makampani opanga migodi amafunika kupeza zilolezo zogwiritsira ntchito cyanide, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusonyeza kuti ali ndi njira zoyenera zowongolera kuipitsa. Ayeneranso kutsatira malire enieni pa kuchuluka kwa cyanide komwe kungatulutsidwe m'chilengedwe.

Kuyang'anira ndi Kukwaniritsa

Mabungwe a boma ali ndi udindo wowunika momwe ntchito zoyenga golide zikutsatiridwa ndi malamulowa. Kuwunika pafupipafupi kwa malo opangira migodi, ma laboratories, ndi malo osungira zinyalala kumachitika kuti awonetsetse kuti makampani akutsatira njira zoyenera zogwirira ntchito ya sodium cyanide. Ngati palibe kutsata, zilango zitha kuperekedwa, zomwe zingaphatikizepo chindapusa, kuyimitsidwa kwa ntchito, kapena kuchotsedwa kwa zilolezo.

Kutsiliza

Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide pakuyenga golide ndi lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse. Ngakhale kuti ndi njira yabwino yochotsera golidi, zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kuipitsa ndizofunika kwambiri. Komabe, kudzera m'magulu olamulira a uinjiniya, kukhathamiritsa kwa njira, kasamalidwe koyenera ka zinyalala, komanso kutsata malamulo okhwima, ndizotheka kuchepetsa zoyipa za kuyipitsa kwa sodium cyanide pakuyenga golide. Kupitiliza kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha umisiri wina ndi njira zowongolera zowononga ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire chitukuko chokhazikika chamakampani oyenga golide ndikuteteza chilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu.