Phindu la pH Kuwongolera kwa Sodium Cyanide Solution mu Mulu Leaching for Gold Extraction

1. Introduction

Kuchotsa golide m'mitsuko ya miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi njira yodziwika bwino yochotsera golide kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali. Munjira imeneyi, yankho la Sodium cyanide nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chochotsera golide. Pakati pa zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo cha kuchotsa golide m'mitsuko ya miyala, kuwongolera pH ya yankho la Sodium Cyanide ndikofunikira kwambiri.

2. Mfundo za Chemical Pansi pa pH Kulamulira kwa Mtengo

2.1 Kuwonongeka kwa Golide

Mukagwiritsa ntchito yankho la Sodium Cyanide kuti mutulutse golide, pamakhala kusintha kwa mankhwala enaake. Pakakhala vuto la alkaline, izi zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri. Pakuchita izi, ma ayoni a cyanide omwe ali mu yankho amalumikizana ndi golide. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mapangidwe a golide wosungunuka - cyanide complexes, zomwe zimathandiza kuti golide atulutsidwe mu miyala.

2.2 Kukhazikika kwa Cyanide ndi pH

Cyanide ilipo mumkhalidwe wofanana mkati mwa yankho. Cyanide imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi ayoni a haidrojeni omwe ali mu yankho. Njirayi ikakhala ya acidic kwambiri (ma pH otsika), izi zimapangitsa kupanga hydrogen cyanide, mpweya wapoizoni kwambiri. Izi sizimangopangitsa kutayika kwa cyanide, kuonjezera kumwa kwa leaching agent, komanso kumayambitsa chiopsezo chachikulu ku thanzi ndi chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito chifukwa cha poizoni wa hydrogen cyanide. Chifukwa chake, kusunga pH yoyenera ya alkaline ndikofunikira. Imathandizira kuchepetsa mapangidwe a gasi wa hydrogen cyanide ndikuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa cyanide mu njira yothetsera golide woyengedwa bwino.

3. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa pH Mtengo

Kawirikawiri, pankhani ya Heap Leaching for Gold Extraction pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la sodium cyanide , pH yabwino kwambiri nthawi zambiri imaonedwa kuti ndi pakati pa 10 ndi 11.5.

3.1 pH Pansi pa Mulingo Woyenera

Ngati pH mtengo wa sodium cyanide solution utsikira pansi pa 10. zotsatira zoyipa zingapo zitha kuchitika. Choyamba, mlingo umene golide amasungunuka udzatsika kwambiri. Zomwe zimachitika pakati pa golide ndi ma cyanide ions zimakhala zocheperako, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide achuluke pang'ono kuchokera ku miyala. Kachiwiri, monga tanenera kale, kupangidwa kwa mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide kudzawonjezeka. Izi ndi zowopsa kwambiri kwa ogwira ntchito ku migodi komanso zimakhudzanso chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, pamitengo yotsika ya pH, zonyansa zina mu ore zimatha kusungunuka mosavuta, kusokoneza mapangidwe a golide - ma cyanide complexes ndikuchepetsanso kuchuluka kwa golide.

3.2 pH Pamwamba pa Mulingo Woyenera

Ngakhale zomwe zimachitika pakati pa golide ndi ma cyanide ions zimakondedwa pansi pamikhalidwe yamchere, ngati pH mtengo ndi wokwera kwambiri (pamwamba pa 11.5), mavuto amathanso kubuka. Kuchuluka kwamchere kungayambitse kugwa kwa ma hydroxide achitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, ayoni achitsulo monga chitsulo, aluminiyamu, ndi calcium omwe amapezeka mu ore amatha kupanga ma insoluble hydroxides. Ma insoluble hydroxides awa amatha kuvala pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ore. Chophimbacho chitha kulepheretsa kulumikizana pakati pa yankho la sodium cyanide ndi mchere wokhala ndi golide, potero kuchepetsa kutsika kwa golide. Kuphatikiza apo, ma pH apamwamba angafunike kuwonjezera zinthu zamchere, kuonjezera mtengo wa njirayi.

4. Njira Zosinthira Phindu la pH

4.1 Laimu (Kashiamu Hydrooxide)

Laimu ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posintha pH ya yankho la sodium cyanide mu heap leaching. Laimu ikawonjezedwa ku yankho, imachita ndi madzi. Izi zimatulutsa ma hydroxide ions, omwe amawonjezera pH ya yankho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale la alkaline kwambiri. Laimu ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta kupeza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino pa ntchito zazikulu zochotsa heap. Komabe, mukagwiritsa ntchito laimu, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mlingo wake. Kuwonjezera laimu kwambiri kungayambitse mavuto monga kupanga sikelo m'mapaipi ndi zida. Izi zili choncho chifukwa calcium mu laimu imatha kuchita ndi ma carbon eated ions mu yankho kuti apange calcium carbonate.

4.2 Soda (Sodium Hydrooxide)

Sodium hydroxide ndi pH ina yothandiza - yosinthira. Mukawonjezeredwa ku sodium cyanide solution, imalekanitsa m'madzi. Kugawanikaku kumatulutsa ayoni a hydroxide, omwe amatha kuchulukitsa mwachangu pH ya yankho. Poyerekeza ndi laimu, sodium hydroxide imakhala ndi pH yachangu komanso yolondola kwambiri - yosintha. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pomwe kusintha kwachangu komanso kolondola kwa pH kumafunika, monga mu labotale - kuyesa kwa sikelo kapena ntchito zina zazing'ono za milu ya milu. Komabe, sodium hydroxide ndiyokwera mtengo kuposa laimu, zomwe zingachepetse kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake m'makampani akuluakulu.

5. Kuyang'anira ndi Kuwongolera Phindu la pH

5.1 pH Sensor

Kuwonetsetsa kuti mtengo wa pH wa sodium cyanide solution mumilu ya leaching umakhalabe pamlingo woyenera, masensa a pH amagwiritsidwa ntchito powunika nthawi yeniyeni. Ma sensor a pH ndi zida zomwe zimatha kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa ma hydrogen ion mu yankho. Amasintha izi kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi chofananira, chomwe chimawonetsedwa ngati pH mtengo. Masensa amenewa nthawi zambiri amaikidwa pamalo ofunikira kwambiri pamilu yokhetsera milu, monga m'matangi osungiramo ma leaching solution, mapaipi operekera njira yothirira mulu, komanso potuluka muluwo pambuyo pobowoleza. Mwa kuwunika mosalekeza kufunika kwa pH, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuzindikira mwachangu zopatuka kuchokera pamlingo woyenera ndikuchita zoyenera kukonza.

5.2 Makina Odziyimira Pawokha

M'machitidwe amakono a milu ya leaching, makina owongolera okha nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi masensa a pH kuti akwaniritse kuwongolera bwino komanso koyenera kwa pH. Makina odzilamulira okhawa amatha kukonzedwa kuti azingosintha mlingo wa pH - zosinthira (monga laimu kapena soda) kutengera nthawi yeniyeni ya pH yomwe imazindikiridwa ndi masensa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mtengo wa pH wa yankho utsikira pansi pa malire omwe adayikidwa, makina owongolera aziwonjezera kuthamanga kwa laimu slurry kapena sodium hydroxide solution yomwe ikuwonjezedwa ku yankho la leaching kukweza pH mtengo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, ngati pH mtengo udutsa malire apamwamba, dongosololo lidzachepetsa mlingo wa pH - wothandizila. Njira yodziwongolera yokhayi sikuti imangowonjezera kulondola kwa pH kuwongolera mtengo komanso imachepetsanso kulimbikira kwa ogwira ntchito ndikuwonetsetsa bata ndi kupitiliza kwa milu ya leaching.

6. Kutsiliza

Pochotsa mulu wochotsa golide pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide solution, kuwongolera mwamphamvu pH ya yankho ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mtengo wabwino kwambiri wa pH pakati pa 10 ndi 11.5 umatsimikizira kusungunuka kwa golide, kumachepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cyanide, ndikutsimikizira chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito ndi chilengedwe. Pogwiritsa ntchito pH - zosintha zoyenera monga laimu ndi soda, ndikukhazikitsa kuwunika kwanthawi yeniyeni ndi kuwongolera makina kudzera pa masensa a pH ndi makina owongolera okha, makampani amigodi amatha kukulitsa milu ya leaching, kukweza mitengo yobwezeretsa golide, ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Pamene kufunikira kwa golide kukukulirakulira, kufufuza kosalekeza ndi kuwongolera kwaukadaulo wowongolera mtengo wa pH kudzatenga gawo lofunikira pakukula kokhazikika kwamakampani amigodi a golide.