Kankhani Kuti Mungopanga Golide Wopanda Mercury-nthawi zambiri sodium cyanide

Gulu lothandizidwa ndi UN limathandiza ogwira ntchito ku migodi ang'onoang'ono ku Philippines kupeza njira ina yotetezeka - nthawi zambiri sodium cyanide.

Ogwira ntchito amakonza miyala yokhala ndi golide pa fakitale yaing'ono ku Paracale, ku Philippines.

Ku Philippines, monganso m'malo ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, mercury kwakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri momwe ogomba golide ang'onoang'ono amapezera ndalama zawo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yosavuta yolekanitsira golidi ndi mchere wina womwe amakumba, chitsulo cholemeracho ndi poizoni kwambiri ndipo chingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, kuwonongeka kwa utero, ngakhale imfa.

Dziko la Philippines linaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mercury pamigodi ya golide mu 2012. Komabe ogwira ntchito m’migodi osalembetsa m’dzikoli akupitirizabe kudalira mankhwalawo kuti apeze phindu lawo latsiku ndi tsiku. Kwa iwo, kukana kumakhalapo, ngakhale akuphunzira za ngozi zaumoyo komanso ngakhale kufa msanga kwa anthu ogwira ntchito m'gululi.

Mwini mgodi komanso wobwereketsa anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi amagwiritsa ntchito kanyumba kakang'ono kamene kamafukula miyala yamtengo wapatali m'mitsinje yomwe inakumbidwa pansi pa malowo ndi kuwagwiritsa ntchito popera mphero. Masupuni ochepa a mercury amalowetsedwamo nthawi iliyonse mphero ziwotchedwa.

Anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi amagwiritsa ntchito mercury chifukwa ndi yosavuta. Mercury ikasakanizidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, imamangiriza ndi golidi, ndikupanga mgwirizano wa magawo ofanana a zitsulo ziwirizo. Mercury ndiye amawotchedwa, kusiya golide komanso kupanga nthunzi wapoizoni womwe ochita migodi ambiri amakoka mosadziwa.

Mwini mgodiyo akunena za kugwiritsa ntchito mercury kuthandiza banja, ponena kuti shaft inayenera kutsekedwa ndikuyikamo ngalande yatsopano pambuyo pa chimphepo chamkuntho chomwe chinayambitsa kusefukira kwa madzi.

Mercury - madzi oipitsidwa ali paliponse pamalopo, kuphatikiza mu dziwe laling'ono momwe ochita migodi amagwiritsa ntchito poyizoni popanga golide mu miyala yomwe imapatutsidwa kuchokera kumphero. Dziweli lazunguliridwa ndi matumba a mchenga ndipo lili pafupi ndi mtsinje kumene ana ang’onoang’ono amasodza.

Ana amasodza pafupi ndi mgodi wawung’ono wa golidi ku Paracale, ku Philippines, umene ukupitirizabe kugwiritsa ntchito mercury pokumba.

Mwiniwakeyo amavomereza kuti mercury ndi yoopsa kwambiri. Pali amuna pafupifupi khumi ndi awiri omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana pamalowa, ndipo ena 10 ali kalikiliki kukumba miyala yamtengo wapatali. Ogwira ntchito amauzidwa kuti asagwiritse ntchito ngati ali ndi zipsera, kuti asalowe m'magazi.

Ulendo wokaona malowa ndi gawo la ulendo wa atolankhani wokonzedwa ndi bungwe la United Nations motsogozedwa ndi planetGOLD, lomwe limagwira ntchito yothandiza anthu ogwira ntchito ku migodi ya golide kuti atsatire pangano la Minamata Convention on Mercury. Atolankhani adayendera migodi ndi malo opangira zinthu omwe ali pamlingo wosiyanasiyana wakusintha kutali ndi mercury.

Zinali zoonekeratu kuchokera ku maulendowa kuti kusintha kudzachitika pokhapokha ngati ogwira ntchito m'migodi adziwa zambiri za zoopsa ndi kupeza thandizo kuchokera kwa akuluakulu a boma kuti apeze njira zina zopezera golide. Pakalipano, ogwira ntchito kumigodi ambiri akupeza njira yothetsera mankhwala ena oopsa: Sodium Cyanide.

Kulimbikitsa Kusintha

Chiyambireni atsamunda a ku Spain kuyamba kufunafuna golide ku Philippines chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 16, anthu osauka akugwira ntchito m'migodi, makamaka pamene mitengo ya golide ikukwera. Anthu ozungulira dera linalake akhala akugwira ntchito moyo wawo wonse. Mu 2020. wina adalandira mgodi.

Pamene kusatsimikizika kwapadziko lonse kumapangitsa kuti osunga ndalama azipeza zinthu zotetezeka komanso kusintha kwa mphamvu kumawonjezera kufunikira kwa golide ndi mchere wina, mitengo ya golide yakwera - pafupifupi 10% mu 2024 mokha - kukokera anthu ambiri ku ntchito iyi.

UN ikuti anthu 15 miliyoni, kuphatikiza ana ndi akazi 4 miliyoni mpaka 5 miliyoni, ali pantchito m'maiko 80 ang'onoang'ono. ntchito ya migodis zomwe zimabweretsa pafupifupi 20% ya zitsulo zomwe zimatulutsidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Popereka ndalama kwa anthu a kumadera akutali komwe kuli njira zina zochepa, migodi ya golide imeneyi imatulutsa matani 2.000 (t) a mercury pachaka ku chilengedwe.

Kuchokera pamene Msonkhano wa Minamata unayamba kugwira ntchito zaka 7 zapitazo, planetGOLD yakhala ikugwira ntchito ndi akuluakulu a boma, ogwira ntchito m'migodi, opereka ndalama, ndi madera akumidzi kuti asinthe momwe golide amachotsera ndi kukonzedwa. Kuyesetsa kumaphatikizapo kudziwitsa anthu za kuopsa kwa mercury kwinaku akuthandizira kusintha njira za migodi ya mercury - zopanda migodi ndi kukonza kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zakomweko. Mapulogalamu a planetGold pawokha amakhala zaka 5, kenako madera ndi maboma akupitilirabe.

planetGOLD yagwira ntchito m'maiko opitilira 20 ku Africa, Asia, ndi Latin America. Mu lipoti la pachaka la 2022-23 la pulogalamuyo, akatswiri akuwonetsa kuti kuyesayesa kwake kudalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito 31.4 t ya mercury m'maiko asanu ndi limodzi komwe imagwira ntchito. M'mayiko angapo, kuphatikizapo Colombia, Peru, ndi Burkina Faso, planetGOLD imalimbikitsa mabungwe azachuma akumaloko kuti apereke ngongole kwa ogwira ntchito ku migodi kuti awathandize kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje aulere a mercury.

Botolo lapulasitiki lokhala ndi mercury pamgodi wawung'ono wagolide ndi fakitale yokonza zinthu ku Paracale, ku Philippines.

Kumalo ena ku Philippines komwe planetGOLD ilipo, makina opangira mercury - $500.000 aulere amadikirira chiphaso chovomerezeka kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito koyambirira kwa 2025. umwini udzasamutsidwa kwa ochita migodi ndipo planetGOLD ibwerera. Yomangidwa paphiri pamwamba pa tawuniyi kuti igwiritse ntchito mphamvu yokoka polekanitsa ndi mphero ya miyala, ithandiza mamembala a bungwe la migodi, lomwe limatchedwa SMBC.

In golide cyanidation, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse m'migodi ikuluikulu, oyendetsa migodi amapanga slurry wa ore wophwanyidwa ndi madzi ndikuwonjezera sodium cyanide, yomwe imasungunula golide. Mpweya wopangidwa ndi activated umawonjezedwa, umakhala ngati siponji kuti unyowetse golide - cyanide complex. Tinthu ta carbon todzaza ndi golidi, zomwe zimakhala zazikulu kuposa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta miyala, timazilekanitsa pogwiritsa ntchito mawaya. Golide amapezedwanso ndi kuwonjezera kwa cyanide kapena kusungunula.

Mosiyana ndi mercury, yomwe imapitilirabe m'chilengedwe, cyanide imatha kuchotsedwa kudzera mu okosijeni ndi hydrogen peroxide or sodium metabisulfite.

chandalama

Nkhaniyi idatumizidwanso kuchokera pa intaneti. Zomwe zili ndizomwe zimangotanthauza zokha, ndipo sitikunena kuti ndi eni ake kapena zidapangidwa kale. Sitikhala ndi udindo pakulondola, kukwanira, nthawi yake, kapena kudalirika kwa zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi. Ngati pali zovuta zilizonse zokhudzana ndi kukopera kapena zina zamalamulo, chonde titumizireni, ndipo tidzachitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo.