Mankhwala Ofunika Kwambiri Ogwiritsidwa Ntchito M'mafakitale A Migodi Afotokozedwa

Makampani amigodi amadalira kwambiri mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti achotse bwino ndikukonza mchere. Mankhwalawa ndi ofunikira kuti apititse patsogolo zokolola komanso kuwongolera kuchira. Amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'njira monga kuyandama, kuchotsa zosungunulira, ndi leaching, kuthandiza kulekanitsa mchere wamtengo wapatali ndi miyala.

Popanda mankhwala ofunikirawa, makampani amigodi angakumane ndi zovuta zazikulu pokwaniritsa kupanga bwino komanso kosatha. Kufunika kwawo sikungafotokozedwe mopambanitsa, chifukwa amathandizira kuti ntchito zonse za migodi ziziyenda bwino komanso kukhazikika.

Nawu mndandanda wamankhwala khumi apamwamba kwambiri amigodi:

1. Cyanides

2. Sufuric Acid

3. Hydrochloric Acid

4.  Flotation Reagents

5.  Flocculants ndi Coagulants

6. Soda phulusa (sodium carbonate)

7. Calcium hydroxide
   

8. Ammonium nitrate

9. Carbon Woyendetsa

10. Xanthates

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mankhwala khumi ofunika kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani a migodi, komanso ubwino ndi ntchito zawo.

1. Sodium Cyanide

Cyanides ndi mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri pantchito yamigodi, makamaka pakuchotsa golide ndi siliva. Amapanga zovuta ndi golide, zomwe zimalola kuti zisiyanitsidwe ndi miyala.

Ubwino cyanides ziphatikizepo kuchita bwino kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama. Komabe, ndizowopsa kwambiri ndipo zimafunikira njira zotetezera zolimba komanso malamulo achilengedwe kuti zipewe kuipitsidwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda bwino.

ubwino:

• Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri: Ma Cyanides ndi othandiza kwambiri pochotsa golide ndi siliva ku ores.

• Zotsika mtengo: Amapereka njira yachuma yochotsera zitsulo zamtengo wapatali.

• Kuchita Mwachangu: Njira yamankhwala ndiyofulumira, imachepetsa nthawi yokonza.

Mapulogalamu:

• Kutulutsa Golide: Ma Cyanides amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa golide.

• Silver Extraction: Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochotsa siliva ku ores.

• Ntchito Zamigodi: Ma Cyanides amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita migodi ikuluikulu komanso yaying'ono.

2. Sufuric Acid

Asidi wa sulfuriki amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale amigodi pochotsa ndi kukonza ores, makamaka pochotsa mkuwa ndi uranium. Kuchita kwake kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti asungunuke bwino zitsulo mkati mwa ore. Sulfuric acid ndiyofunikira pakuchotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana munjira zosiyanasiyana za hydrometallurgical.

ubwino

• High Reactivity: Sulfuric acid imatha kusungunula zitsulo mu ore.

• Kusinthasintha: Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zochotsa mchere.

• Kupezeka: Sulphuric acid imapezeka kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo.

Mapulogalamu

• Kuchotsa Mkuwa: Kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mkuwa ku ore.

• Kukonza Uranium: Ndikofunikira pakuchotsa ndi kukonza uranium.

• Ore Processing: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana za hydrometallurgical kuchotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali.

3. Hydrochloric Acid

Hydrochloric acid ndi mankhwala ena ofunikira pakukonza ore ndi kuyenga zitsulo. Ndi asidi wamphamvu amene amathandiza kubwezeretsa zitsulo posungunula zonyansa ndi kulekanitsa mchere wamtengo wapatali. Hydrochloric acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale opangira mchere pochotsa ndi kuyeretsa zitsulo.

ubwino

• Asidi Amphamvu: Amatha kusungunula zonyansa ndikulekanitsa zitsulo.

• Kubweza zitsulo: Kumawongolera luso lobwezeretsa zitsulo kuchokera ku miyala.

• Kugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana: Ndikoyenera kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zopangira mchere.

Mapulogalamu

• Ore processing: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zitsulo zosiyanasiyana.

• Kuyeretsa zitsulo: Kumathandiza kuyeretsa ndi kuchotsa zitsulo.

• Kusamalira zinyalala: Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posamalira ndi kuchepetsa zinyalala za m’migodi.

4. Flotation reagents

Ma reagents oyandama amaphatikiza ma frothers, otolera ndi osintha, omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakuyandama kwa froth polekanitsa mchere ndi ore. Mankhwalawa amathandizira kulekanitsa kwa mchere ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuchira mwa kusintha mawonekedwe a mchere. Ma Frothers amatha kupanga thovu lokhazikika, otolera amatha kukulitsa hydrophobicity, ndipo zosintha zimatha kusintha mtengo wa pH kuti akwaniritse kulekanitsa koyenera.

ubwino

• Kulekanitsa bwino: Limbikitsa kulekanitsa kwa mchere ndi ore.

• Kuchulukitsa kuchira: Kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa mchere wamtengo wapatali.

• Njira yokwaniritsira: Kupititsa patsogolo luso la njira yoyandama.

Mapulogalamu

• Froth Froth Froth Froth Froth Froth Froth Froth Froth Froth Protation Imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyandama chisanu kuti ilekanitse mchere.

• Mineral processing: Wofunika kwambiri kuti apindule ndi ore osiyanasiyana.

• Kuyika kwa ore: Kuthandizira kuyika mchere wamtengo wapatali kuti upitirire kukonzedwa.

5. Flocculants Ndi Coagulants

Ma Flocculants ndi ma coagulants amagwiritsidwa ntchito munjira zolekanitsa zamadzimadzi pamakampani amigodi. Amathandizira kuphatikizira ma particles abwino, kuwongolera kumveka bwino ndi sedimentation. Mankhwalawa ndi ofunikira pakuyeretsa madzi onyansa, kuonetsetsa kuti madzi otulutsidwa kuchokera ku ntchito za migodi akugwirizana ndi chilengedwe.

ubwino

• Kumveketsa Bwino: Kumamveketsa bwino madzi okonzedwa.

• Sedimentation bwino: Imathandizira kusungunuka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

• Kugwirizana ndi chilengedwe: Kumawonetsetsa kuti madzi oyipa akukwaniritsa miyezo ya chilengedwe.

Mapulogalamu

• Kupatukana kwa Solid-Liquid: Kumagwiritsidwa ntchito polekanitsa zolimba ndi zamadzimadzi pochita migodi.

• Kuchiza kwa Madzi a Zinyalala: Ndikofunikira pakusamalira madzi otuluka m'migodi.

• Kuthira madzi a Sludge: Kumathandiza kuchotsa madzi ndi kasamalidwe ka zinyalala za migodi.

6. Sodium carbonate (Soda Phulusa)

Sodium CarbonPhulusa la soda, kapena soda ash, limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira pH ndi ntchito zosungunulira. Ndi mankhwala otsika mtengo komanso ogwira ntchito bwino omwe amathandiza kuchotsa golide, mkuwa, ndi lead. Phulusa la soda ndi lofunika kwambiri kuti likhale ndi pH yoyenera panthawi zosiyanasiyana zofufuzira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zitsulo zibwezeretsedwe.

ubwino

• Kuwongolera kwa pH: Kuwongolera bwino ma pH mumayendedwe amigodi.

• Zotsika mtengo: Kusankha kwachuma pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamigodi.

• Kubwezeretsanso Zitsulo Zowonjezereka: Kumakweza mitengo yobwezeretsanso zitsulo monga golide ndi mkuwa.

Mapulogalamu

• Kutulutsa Golide: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera pH panthawi yochotsa golide.

• Kusungunula kwa Copper: Kumathandiza kusungunula ndi kuchotsa mkuwa.

• Mgodi Wotsogola: Olembedwa ntchito pochotsa mtovu kuchokera muzitsulo zake.

7. Calcium hydroxide

Laimu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani amigodi pakuwongolera pH komanso kukonza madzi. Ndizochuluka komanso zotsika mtengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino chochepetsera zinyalala zam'migodi ndikuthira madzi oipitsidwa. Laimu amaonetsetsa kuti ma pH asungidwe mosamala, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.

ubwino

• Zochuluka: Zopezeka mosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo.

• PH Regulation: Imalepheretsa bwino zinyalala za acidic mumgodi.

• Chitetezo Chachilengedwe: Imawonetsetsa kuti madzi otuluka mumigodi ndi abwino.

Mapulogalamu

• Chithandizo cha Madzi: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ndi kuchepetsa madzi acidic kuchokera kumigodi.

• PH Regulation: Imasunga ma pH munthawi zosiyanasiyana zamigodi.

• Kasamalidwe ka Zinyalala: Ndikofunikira pakuwongolera misala ndi zinyalala za migodi.

8. Ammonium Nitrate

Ammonium nitrate ndi chophulika champhamvu komanso chodalirika chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita migodi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphwanya mapangidwe a miyala ndikuthandizira kuchotsa mchere. Chifukwa cha kuphulika kwake, njira zotetezera zolimba zimafunika kuti zigwire ndi kusunga Ammonium nitrate motetezeka.

ubwino

• Zophulika Zamphamvu: Zothandiza kwambiri pakuphwanya mapangidwe a miyala.

• Odalirika: Amapereka magwiridwe antchito osasinthika pantchito zamigodi.

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Molamulidwa: Itha kuyendetsedwa bwino kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera.

Mapulogalamu

• Kuphulitsa: Kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chophulitsa m’migodi pothyola miyala.

• Kugawikana kwa Rock: Kofunikira pakugawikana kwa miyala kuti mupeze mchere.

• Ntchito Zamigodi: Zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamigodi yapansi ndi pansi.

9. Kutsegula Mpweya

Activated carbon ndiyofunikira pakuchotsa golide kudzera munjira yotsatsa. Ili ndi mphamvu yotsatsa kwambiri, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yogwira mtima polanda golide kuchokera cyanide zothetsera. Mpweya wopangidwa ndi activated ndi wogwiritsidwanso ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chachuma pakubwezeretsa golide mumakampani amigodi.

ubwino

• Kuthekera Kwambiri kwa Adsorption: Imagwira bwino golide kuchokera ku mayankho a cyanide.

• Reusability: Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kangapo, kuchepetsa ndalama.

• Kuchita bwino: Kuchita bwino kwambiri pakubwezeretsa golide.

Mapulogalamu

• Kutulutsa Golide: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito potsatsa kuti apeze golide.

• Kuchiza Madzi: Kumathandiza kuchiza madzi pochotsa zowononga.

• Kubwezeretsa Zitsulo Zamtengo Wapatali: Kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobwezeretsa zitsulo zina zamtengo wapatali.

10. Xanthates

Xanthate ndi otolera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyandama kuti alekanitse mchere wa sulfide ndi ore. Ndizothandiza komanso zosunthika, kupititsa patsogolo hydrophobicity ya mchere womwe ukufunidwa ndikuwongolera kuchira. Xanthates amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza mchere wa sulfide. kuchita mbali yofunika kwambiri pakupindula kwa ores.

ubwino

• Osonkhanitsa Ogwira Ntchito: Kupititsa patsogolo hydrophobicity ya mchere, kuthandizira kupatukana.

• Zosiyanasiyana: Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mchere.

• Kuwonjezeka kwa Ziwongola dzanja: Kupititsa patsogolo luso la kuchira kwa mineral.

Mapulogalamu

• Njira zoyandama: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati otolera mu froth flotation kuti alekanitse mchere wa sulfide.

• Kupindula kwa Mineral: Kofunikira pakupindula kwa miyala ya sulfide.

• Ore Processing: Imathandiza pakukonza ndi kuyika ma ore osiyanasiyana.

Kutsiliza

Mankhwala 10 apamwamba omwe tidakambirana ndi ofunikira pantchito yamigodi, iliyonse imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pamagawo osiyanasiyana ochotsa ndi kukonza mchere. Kuchokera pakulimbikitsa ziwongola dzanja ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito olekanitsa ore mpaka kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha chilengedwe, mankhwalawa ndi ofunikira popanga mchere wapamwamba kwambiri.

Mankhwala a migodiwa amathandiza kuti ntchito za migodi zisamawononge ndalama zambiri komanso zisamawononge chilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri pamakampani.

Ngati muli ndi malingaliro kapena mafunso okhudza mankhwalawa, omasuka kugawana nawo mu ndemanga pansipa.