Chithandizo cha sodium cyanide

Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe amaika chiwopsezo ku thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale, kuphatikiza migodi ndi electroplating, koma kuthekera kwake kovulaza sikungapitirire. Liti Sodium cyanide ikakumana ndi madzi, imatha kutulutsa mpweya wapoizoni wa hydrogen cyanide, womwe ndi wowopsa kwambiri. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kufotokoza mwachidule za Sodium Cyanide Poyizoni, zizindikiro zake, ndi zoyenera Mankhwala Oletsa Kudwala kuthana ndi zotsatira zake.

Kuopsa kwa Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide imadziwika kuti ndi yakupha. Zitha kuwononga kwambiri zamoyo ndi nthaka, ndikupangitsa kukhala chinthu chowopsa chomwe chimafunikira kusamala. Mankhwalawa ndi owopsa kwambiri chifukwa amatha kuyamwa kudzera pakhungu, kukopa ngati fumbi kapena gasi, kapena kulowetsedwa. Zizindikiro za poizoni zimatha kuwonekera mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kupuma komanso kumangidwa kwa mtima pakachitika zovuta kwambiri.

0.06 magalamu chabe a hydrocyanic acid, omwe amatha kupangidwa kuchokera sodium cyanide, ndi zokwanira kupha imfa ngati zitalowetsedwa. Mofananamo, kupuma fumbi la sodium cyanide kapena mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide kungayambitse mavuto mwamsanga. Kufulumira kwa kuthana ndi kukhudzana ndi sodium cyanide sikungatheke, chifukwa zotsatira zake zingakhale zakupha.

Zizindikiro za Poizoni wa Sodium Cyanide

Zizindikiro za poyizoni wa sodium cyanide zimatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi njira yodziwira. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Kuvutika kwa kupuma: Kupuma movutikira, kutsokomola, komanso kumva kukomoka kumatha kuchitika, makamaka ngati munthuyo wapuma fumbi kapena mpweya wa cyanide.

• Zizindikiro za Mtima: Kuthamanga kwa mtima mwachangu, kugunda kwamtima, komanso kumangidwa kwa mtima ndizovuta kwambiri.

• Zotsatira za Neurological: Kupweteka kwa mutu, chizungulire, chisokonezo, ndi kutaya chidziwitso zingabwere pamene thupi likulimbana ndi zotsatira za poizoni.

• Kupsinjika kwa m'mimba: Mseru, kusanza, ndi kupweteka kwa m'mimba zimatha kuchitika ngati sodium cyanide ilowetsedwa.

• Zokhudza Khungu: Kukhudzana ndi sodium cyanide kungayambitse kuyaka kapena kuyabwa pakhungu.

Kuyankha Mwamsanga Poizoni

Ngati sodium cyanide ikuwonekera, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ndikofunikira. Nazi njira zomwe mungatenge potengera mtundu wa kuwonekera:

• Inhalation: Ngati wina wapuma fumbi la sodium cyanide kapena gasi, ayenera kupita kumalo okhala ndi mpweya wabwino nthawi yomweyo. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mupewe kuyamwa kwina kwa poizoni.

• Kukhudzana ndi Khungu: Ngati sodium cyanide ikhudza khungu, zovala zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Khungu liyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi abwino kuchotsa zotsalira. Pakuwotcha khungu, yankho la 3% boric acid lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeretsa bala.

• Kusakaniza: Ngati sodium cyanide ilowetsedwa, kutsuka kwa m'mimba kungapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito 10%. Sodium thiosulfate njira yothetsera 1:2000 potaziyamu permanganate. Pambuyo pakutsuka m'mimba, mulingo woyenera wa ferrous sulfate solution utha kuperekedwa pakamwa kuti muchepetse mphamvu ya poizoni.

Mankhwala Oletsa Poizoni a Sodium Cyanide

Chithandizo cha poyizoni wa sodium cyanide chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa antidote omwe amatha kuthetsa poizoni wa pawiri. Zotsatirazi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:

• Nitrite ya sodium: Mu milandu ya sodium cyanide poizoni, pang'onopang'ono mtsempha jekeseni wa 10-15ml wa 3% Sodium nitrite akhoza kuperekedwa. Gululi limagwira ntchito potembenuza hemoglobin kukhala methemoglobin, yomwe imatha kumangirira ku ayoni a cyanide ndikuthandizira kuchotsedwa kwawo m'thupi.

• Thiosulfate ya sodium: Potsatira makonzedwe a sodium nitrite, jekeseni pang'onopang'ono mtsempha wa 25-50ml wa 50% sodium thiosulfate iyenera kuperekedwa pogwiritsa ntchito singano yomweyo komanso pamalo omwewo. Sodium thiosulfate imagwira ntchito ngati wopereka sulfure, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lisinthe cyanide kukhala mankhwala owopsa kwambiri omwe amatha kutulutsidwa.

• Chithandizo Chothandizira: Pakakhala poyizoni kwambiri, pomwe kupuma komanso kumangidwa kwa mtima kumachitika, kuyambiranso kwa mtima (CPR) kuyenera kuyambika nthawi yomweyo. Chisamaliro chothandizira, kuphatikizapo chithandizo cha okosijeni ndi kuyang'anira zizindikiro zofunika, ndizofunikira pakuwongolera mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.

Njira Zopewera ndi Chitetezo

Chifukwa cha kuopsa kwa sodium cyanide, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera kuti mupewe kukhudzidwa. Nazi malingaliro ena:

• Maphunziro Oyenera: Anthu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi sodium cyanide ayenera kuphunzitsidwa mokwanira za momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawa mosamala, kuphatikizapo njira zothandizira mwadzidzidzi.

• Zida Zodzitetezera Payekha (PPE): PPE yoyenera, monga magolovesi, magalasi, ndi zopumira, ziyenera kuvalidwa pogwira sodium cyanide kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chowonekera.

• Ndondomeko Zadzidzidzi: Malo ogwira ntchito omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ayenera kukhala ndi ndondomeko zomveka bwino zadzidzidzi, kuphatikizapo kupeza mankhwala oletsa antidotes ndi chithandizo choyamba.

• Kuganizira Zachilengedwe: Kufunika kuyesayesa kuti sodium cyanide isawononge nthaka ndi magwero a madzi, chifukwa kuwononga kwake chilengedwe kungakhale kowononga kwambiri.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide ndi chinthu chapoizoni kwambiri chomwe chimayika chiwopsezo chachikulu ku thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe. Kumvetsetsa zizindikiro za poyizoni ndi mankhwala oyenera ndikofunikira kuti tiyankhe mogwira mtima ngati wakhudzidwa. Kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito sodium nitrite ndi sodium thiosulfate, kungapulumutse miyoyo. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera komanso kuphunzitsidwa koyenera kungathandize kupewa kuwonekera ndikuchepetsa kuopsa kokhudzana ndi mankhwalawa. Kuzindikira ndi kukonzekera ndizofunikira pakuonetsetsa chitetezo m'malo omwe sodium cyanide ilipo.