Zowopsa za Sodium Cyanide: Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa

Pa August 12. 2015. kuphulika kunachitika pa mankhwala owopsa nyumba yosungiramo katundu ya Ruihai International Logistics Company ku Binhai New Area ku Tianjin, China. Kuphulikaku kudafikira pafupifupi 2.9 pa sikelo ya Near Earthquake Magnitude (yomwe imatchedwa ML), yofanana ndi matani 21 a TNT. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuphulika kumeneku kunapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa osachepera 10.000 magalimoto pafupi ndi epicenter, ndipo kuyambira 3 PM pa August 25. 2015. izo zinachititsa kuti 135 awonongeke, onse omwe adadziwika. Pamene ogwira nawo ntchito adafufuza mozama pamalo angoziwo, adapeza kuti panali matani 700 Sodium cyanide (NaCN) m'dera lapakati pa kuphulikako, komwe ndi kuwirikiza ka 70 malire ololedwa mwalamulo kusungirako mankhwala oopsa ngati amenewa! Kuwonekera kwadzidzidzi kwa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mankhwala owopsa awa nthawi yomweyo kudadzetsa nkhawa pakati pamagulu osiyanasiyana. Ndi chiyani Sodium Cyanide? Kodi sodium cyanide kugwiritsidwa ntchito? Kodi ogwira nawo ntchito ayenera kuthana bwanji ndi kuipitsa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha sodium cyanide kuphulika? Onsewa ndi mafunso ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu.

Kodi sodium cyanide ndi chiyani?

Cyanides amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zoopsa kwambiri, ndipo pali mankhwala ambiri amphamvu a rodenticides cyanides. Kwa nthawi yayitali, Cyanides anthu amaonedwa kuti ndi "mfumu ya ziphe," zomwe zimatha kupha munthu akameza. Munthu yemwe ali ndi mlingo waukulu wa cyanide amatha kutaya chidziwitso ndikumva kumangidwa kwa mtima mkati mwa mphindi 2-3, zomwe zimayambitsa imfa mofulumira. Ma cyanides amadziwika kuti ndi othamanga komanso owopsa. Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, asilikali a ku Germany a Erwin Rommel, omwe amadziwika kuti "Desert Fox" ndi "Eagle of the Empire," anatenga cyanide (potassium cyanide) kuti athetse moyo wake.

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi mtundu wa cyanide, wowoneka ngati ma crystalline granules kapena ufa wokhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa la amondi. Monga ma cyanides onse, sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri; kukhudzana ndi zilonda zapakhungu, kupuma, kapena kuyamwa ngakhale pang'ono (5% ya supuni ya tiyi) kungayambitse poizoni wakupha wa cyanide. Sodium cyanide imatha kuwola pamaso pa madzi pansi pamikhalidwe ya aerobic, kutulutsa mpweya wapoizoni monga hydrogen cyanide (HCN) ndi carbon monoxide. Ikhoza kusungunula zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golide ndi siliva pamaso pa mpweya, kupanga mankhwala oopsa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, sodium cyanide imatha kuchita mwankhanza ndi nitrates ndi nitrites, zomwe zingayambitse kuphulika. Ngakhale ndi poizoni wowopsa, mawonekedwe apadera a sodium cyanide amapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri pakupanga mankhwala m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza makina, electroplating, zitsulo, ndi mankhwala.

Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ndi chiyani?

Malinga ndi omwe amapanga gulu ili la sodium cyanide, matani 700 omwe apezeka pakatikati pa kuphulikako adapangidwa kuti azitumizidwa kunja. Komabe, sitingachitire mwina koma kudabwa: sodium cyanide ndi yowopsa kwambiri, ndiye chifukwa chiyani ikufunika kwambiri? Kodi sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji? M'malo mwake, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mafakitale apadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ntchito yayikulu ndi migodi ya golide. Pankhani ya migodi ya golidi, anthu angaigwirizanitsebe ndi kuthamangitsidwa kwa golide m’zaka za zana la 19 panthaŵi ya Kusintha kwa Mafakitale, koma migodi ya golide yamakono yasintha kwambiri kuchokera m’mbuyomo.

Ena mwachibadwa angaganize kuti mgodi wa golidi uyenera kudzazidwa ndi golidi, koma zenizeni n’zosiyana: pafupifupi, pamakhala pafupifupi magalamu 4 a golidi mu tani imodzi ya golide. Palibe mgodi wa golidi padziko lapansi kumene golidi woyenga (zingwe zagolide) akhoza kuchotsedwa mwachindunji; amene amakumbidwa ndi fumbi la golidi woyengeka bwino lomwe lili m’thanthwe. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwongolera. Motsogozedwa ndi kufunidwa kwakukulu kwa msika ndi mapindu okopa, ogwira ntchito kumigodi sangangonyalanyaza miyala yokhala ndi golide wochepera 0.005%. Kuti tipeze chiwongoladzanja chokwanira (kuchotsa golide wochuluka) kuchokera ku ore awa, luso lamakono loyenga limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, yomwe imapereka malo ofunika kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito sodium cyanide.

Nthawi zambiri, kuyenga golide kumaphatikizapo njira zinayi: migodi, kuthira miyala, kusungunula, ndi kuyenga. Chinsinsi chochotsa golide chagona pa magawo osungunuka ndi kuyenga. Pambuyo pa migodi ndi kuvala ore, miyala ya golide imadulidwa kukhala slurry, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mankhwala opangira mankhwala kumawonjezeredwa ku slurry. The reagents mankhwala amachitira mwamsanga ndi slurry, kuchititsa ayoni golide kumamatira pamwamba pa thovu mu slurry, zomwe zimatchedwa "matope golide." Kenaka, gawo linalake la sodium cyanide solution limawonjezeredwa kumatope a golidi, ndipo pambuyo pa kutentha kwakukulu, golide amasiyanitsidwa mwamatsenga ndi zonyansa zina, kukhala golide wosungunuka. Golide wosungunuka ndiye amaloledwa kuziziritsa mwachibadwa, ndipo amatha kuponyedwa mu njerwa zagolide, mipiringidzo, kapena zitsulo, kutsiriza ntchito yonse yoyenga golide. Motero, n’zoonekeratu kuti sodium cyanide imathandiza kwambiri m’njira zovuta komanso zovuta kumvetsa poyenga golide, n’chifukwa chake makampani opanga mankhwala amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala oopsa amenewa.

Kufotokozera kwazithunzi: Utsi wakuda wakuda womwe unatuluka panthawi ya Tianjin Ruihai Logistics Company kuphulika kwa mankhwala oopsa pa Ogasiti 12 kukuta thambo lonse.

Momwe mungayankhire ndikuchotsa kuipitsidwa kwa sodium cyanide?

Pakali pano, ogwira ntchito okhudzidwa athana ndi mazana a matani a sodium cyanide pamalo a ngozi: aphulitsa mbali zowonekera ndikupopera hydrogen peroxide kuti achepetse; kwa malo akuluakulu otayira, amanga mpanda wotalika mita imodzi ndi dothi kapena mchenga kuti ukhalepo; mbiya zomwe sizinali bwino zabwezeredwa mwachangu kumakampani omwe akukhudzidwa kuti asamalidwe bwino.

Panali mphekesera zoti mipweya yosasunthika yomwe idatuluka chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa sodium cyanide wambiri pamalo a ngoziyo ikhala poyizoni kwambiri ikakumana ndi madzi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi mantha ambiri omwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti asagwidwe ndi mvula. Ndizowona kuti sodium cyanide imatha kutulutsa mpweya wapoizoni wa hydrogen cyanide ikakumana ndi asidi, koma mpweyawu ndi wopepuka kwambiri ndipo umasungunuka mwachangu mumlengalenga. Choncho, ngakhale mvula ikagwa, palibe chifukwa cha mantha ochuluka, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa hydrogen cyanide m'madzi amvula kudzakhala kuchepetsedwa kwambiri kupyolera mu dilution mumlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawononge thupi la munthu. Katswiri wamkulu wa Tianjin Environmental Protection Bureau ku China adanenanso kuti deta yonse yowunikira mpweya, madzi, ndi nthaka m'madera ozungulira ngoziyi ikukwaniritsa miyezo, ndipo deta yonse ndi yolondola komanso yodalirika. Iye walimbikitsa nzika kuti zibwerere ku ntchito yawo yanthawi zonse ndi moyo wawo posachedwa. Anthu okhudzidwawo anena kuti, monga kusamala, anthu akumaloko apewe kumwa madzi oipitsidwa ndi kachilomboka ndikukhala kutali ndi malo okhala ndi sodium cyanide biotreatment mpaka mpweya wapoizoni utasungunuka mokwanira mumlengalenga kuti ufike pamalo otetezeka asanalowe.