Green Solutions for Gold Mining: Sodium Cyanide Substitutes ku Indonesia

Indonesia ndi dziko lalikulu kwambiri ku ASEAN, lomwe lili ndi malo okwana makilomita 1.919 miliyoni ndi malo okwana makilomita 3.16 miliyoni m'nyanja (kupatula malo okhazikika azachuma). Dzikoli lili ndi zinthu zambiri zamchere. Miyala yayikulu yachitsulo ndi bauxite, nickel, mchenga wachitsulo, mkuwa, tin, golide, ndi siliva; zinthu zopanda zitsulo zimakhala ndi malasha, miyala yamwala, ndi granite. Palinso zinthu zina zosungiramo zinc, mercury, manganese, lead, kaolin, andesite, mchenga wa quartz, feldspar, dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, phosphate, ndi gypsum. Komabe, chifukwa cha ukadaulo wakale wofufuza za geology, ntchito yofooka ya ziwerengero, komanso luso lochepa lopanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, boma silikumvetsa bwino zinthu zake. Kwa nthawi yayitali, zinthu zamchere zakhala zikupangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani akunja. Malinga ndi ziwerengero kuchokera ku Unduna wa Zamagetsi ndi Mineral Resources ku Indonesia, malo osungiramo ndi kugawa kwa golide ndi awa: malo osungiramo golide ndi pafupifupi matani 1.91 miliyoni, ndi malo osungiramo otsimikizika a matani 3.200, omwe amagawidwa makamaka ku Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, ndi Papua. Mu 2023, kupanga kunali pafupifupi matani 132, ndipo pafupifupi makilogalamu 890 a mipiringidzo yagolide amatumizidwa kunja. Kukumba golide kwakopa amalonda ambiri aku China ndi osunga ndalama. Ku Indonesia, migodi yagolide nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'migodi yagolide ya alluvial ndi miyala ya oxidized. Njira yochotsera miyala ya oxidized yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga miyala ya oxidized imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha ndalama zochepa zomwe imayika komanso phindu lake mwachangu. Komabe, kumanga miyala ya oxidized kumaletsedwa ndi kugula, magwero azidziwitso, ndi ukadaulo womanga, zomwe zimapangitsa eni migodi ambiri kugwiritsa ntchito Sodium cyanide poyamba.

Sodium cyanide imabweretsa mavuto ambiri ku Indonesia. Choyamba, mtengo wogulira ndi wokwera, ndipo mtengo wake pamsika ndi pafupifupi 50.000 mpaka 60.000 RMB pa tani. Chachiwiri, Sodium Cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri; kupuma, kumeza, kapena kuyamwa kwa khungu kungayambitse poizoni woopsa. Chachitatu, sodium cyanide imatsatiridwa ndi malamulo okhwima ndi boma la Indonesia, ndi zilolezo zolimba ndi kuyang'anira malonda, kusungira, ndi mayendedwe. Nkhanizi zimamveka bwino ndi amalonda athu aku China, koma nthawi zonse pakhala kusowa njira zina zogwira mtima zothetsera mavuto.

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2016. angapo othandizira golide wokonda zachilengedwe adapangidwa ku China ndipo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Shaanxi United Chemical ndi kampani yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri kupanga ndi kufufuza kwa hydrogen cyanide zotumphukira ndi wochezeka zachilengedwe wothandizila golide m'zigawo. Ntchito yeniyeni ya Shaanxi United yosamalira zachilengedwe yochotsa golide imatha kulowa m'malo mwa sodium cyanide ndipo yagulitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko opitilira khumi padziko lonse lapansi, ndikulandila matamando ambiri kuchokera kwa makasitomala.

1. Makhalidwe a Shaanxi United omwe amachotsa golide wokonda zachilengedwe ndi awa:

2. ndi zachilengedwe komanso zobiriwira (zoyesedwa ndi madipatimenti ovomerezeka, zinthuzo zimayikidwa ngati katundu wamba);

3. ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu chochira (choyenera kukhetsa milu, leaching ya dziwe, kuyambitsa leaching, etc.);

4. ali ndi kukhazikika kwabwino (ndi zokhazikika zokhazikika zomwe zimawonjezeredwa kuti zichepetse kusokoneza zinthu zovulaza monga S ndi As);

5. ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana (zogwiritsidwa ntchito mu golide wopangidwa ndi oxidized ores, ores primary, slag sulfuric, golide, matope a anode, etc.);

6. ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito (pH mtengo wa 10-12. Mlingo ndi njira zimatha kugwirizana kwathunthu ndi njira za cyanide);

7. ndi zotsika mtengo, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zogulira poyerekeza ndi sodium cyanide.

Malangizo Ogwiritsa Ntchito

1. Kuchuluka kwa Ntchito:

1. Mitundu ya Ore Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito: Golide ndi siliva oxide ores, ore mbadwa, high-sulfure ndi mkulu-arsenic golide ore, cyanide tailings, golide amaika, zotsalira sulfuric acid, anode matope, etc.

2. Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito Kukonza Mchere: Kuchotsa mchere m'mizere, kuchotsa mchere m'dziwe, kuchotsa mchere m'zakudya (kuchotsa mchere m'madzi), ndi zina zotero.

2. Fomu Yogulitsa: Ufa wolimba kapena mawonekedwe a granular

3. Njira Yosungunula: Sungunulani mokwanira m'madzi kutentha kwa chipinda musanagwiritse ntchito (nthawi zambiri, kusungunuka kumatha kufulumizitsidwa m'madzi oyenda kapena posakaniza bwino; panthawi yochotsa mulu, dziwe loyezera mlingo likhoza kumangidwa m'mphepete mwa dziwe lopanda madzi kuti madziwo abwererenso pambuyo pokonza mpweya woyambitsa kuti asambe golide wochotsa golide m'dziwe lopanda madzi).

4. Kusintha kwa pH: Kawirikawiri, laimu kapena sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha ndikusunga pH pakati pa 10-12; pamene pH ya madzi obwerera ikuchepa, alkalinity iyenera kusinthidwa nthawi yake; ngati pH ikupitirirabe (yoposa 12) kwa nthawi yayitali, izi zingayambitse kupangika kwa alkaline scale yomwe imakhudza kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya woyatsidwa kapena kuyambitsa kusuntha kwa madzi komwe kumakhudza kugwira ntchito bwino kwa leaching.

5. Kuwerengera Mlingo:

1. Mlingo ukhoza kutchulidwa kuchokera ku kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya sodium cyanide, ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiyese kuyesa mchere ndikutchula zinthu zabwino (nthawi zambiri za 1-2 g / t kwa ores golide, ndi ndende ya golide wochotsa golide nthawi zambiri amasungidwa pa 0.3-0.8 ‰, kusinthidwa malinga ndi magiredi osiyanasiyana ore ndi zigawo zovulaza).

2. Kuwerengera Njira ya Mlingo: Mlingo wowonjezera wa golide wochotsa golide = (mtengo wokwanira wowerengera - mtengo wapanthawiyo woyezedwa) × kuchuluka kwa madzi mu dziwe la dosing; Mwachitsanzo, ngati mulingo woyenera kwambiri ndende mtengo wa wothandizila golide m'zigawo ndi 1.5 ‰ (zochokera voliyumu madzi), ndi kubwerera madzi ndende ndi 0.6 ‰, ndi 500 kiyubiki mamita madzi mu dziwe osauka njira, ndiye kuti mlingo wowonjezera adzakhala: (1.5 - 0.6) × 500 = 450 makilogalamu.

6. Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Zinthu: (Mogwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide mu heap leaching ndi carbon leaching processes)

1. Njira Yokhetsera Mulu ndi Pond Leaching: Ponyani miyala yaiwisi, muunjike, muyike, leach, adsorb ndi activated carbon (zinc powder replacement), electrowinning, and smelting.

2. Njira ya Carbon-in-Pulp (Stirred Leaching): Ponyani miyala yaiwisi, perani, carbon leach, electrowinning, ndi kusungunula.

Bwino Mlandu wa Environmentally Wochezeka Gold m'zigawo Reagent

Mgodi wa Golide wa Lingbao Wenyu ku Henan wachita mayeso a labotale ndi mafakitale pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano wochotsa golide wopanda poizoni wambiri mu projekiti yake yonse ya cyanidation ya lime. Mayesowa adapeza zizindikiro zabwino zokonzera. Pamene kusalala kwa kugaya kunali -0.074mm ndi kuchuluka kopitilira 90%, kuchuluka kwa zamkati kunali 40%, mlingo wa laimu unali 3kg/t, nthawi yokonzekera alkaline inali maola awiri, mlingo wa chotsukira golide choteteza chilengedwe unali 600g/t, ndipo nthawi yotsukira inali maola 24, kuchuluka kwa golide wochotsa golide kunafika 95.60%. Zotsatira za mayeso zikuwonetsa kuti chotsukirachi chingalowe m'malo mwa sodium cyanide pakuchotsa golide. Pakadali pano, chotsukirachi chagwiritsidwa ntchito. Poyerekeza ndi cyanide leaching, kuchuluka kwa leaching kunakwera ndi 1.4%, mlingo wa reagent unachepetsedwa ndi 200g/t, ndipo nthawi yotsukira inafupikitsidwa ndi maola opitilira 12. Kuphatikiza apo, kusanthula kwa poizoni wochotsa matope kuchokera ku chinthu chochotsa golide chomwe sichiwononga chilengedwe kunawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa poizoni wochotsa matope kuchokera ku cyanide, mkuwa, lead, zinc, ndi arsenic m'matope onsewa kunali mkati mwa malire oyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu atuluke mwachindunji popanda kufunikira chithandizo chochotsa poizoni m'thupi.

Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito wokonda zachilengedwe kusankha golide wothandiziras, m'pofunika kukhala ndi katswiri wodziwa kuyesa mayesero kumayambiriro kwa migodi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa madera osiyanasiyana a migodi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ore idzapereka zotsatira zosiyana ndi osankhidwa. Mlingo woyenera komanso ngati mungawonjezere zinthu zina zama mankhwala ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa potengera mayeso oyambira. Panthawi imeneyi, Shaanxi United Chemical adzapereka ntchito zonse zofunika kukuthandizani kumaliza mayeso.

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Malangizo Ofunda:Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, monga mawu, zinthu, mayankho, ndi zina zambiri,