Green Solutions for Gold Mining: Sodium Cyanide Substitutes ku Indonesia

Indonesia ndiye dziko lalikulu kwambiri ku ASEAN, lomwe lili ndi malo okwana 1.919 miliyoni masikweya kilomita ndi malo am'madzi a 3.16 miliyoni masikweya kilomita (kupatula gawo lokhalo lazachuma). Dzikoli lili ndi chuma chambiri. Mchere waukulu wazitsulo umaphatikizapo bauxite, faifi tambala, mchenga wachitsulo, mkuwa, malata, golidi, ndi siliva; zitsulo zopanda zitsulo makamaka zimakhala ndi malasha, miyala yamchere, ndi granite. Palinso nkhokwe zina za zinki, mercury, manganese, lead, kaolin, andesite, mchenga wa quartz, feldspar, dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, phosphate, ndi gypsum. Komabe, chifukwa cha umisiri wachikale wofufuza za nthaka, ntchito zowerengetsera zofooka, komanso kusakwanira bwino kwa chitukuko ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu, boma silikumvetsa bwino za nkhokwe zake. Kwa nthawi yayitali, mineral resources zakhala zikupangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani akunja. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zochokera ku Unduna wa Zamagetsi ndi Mineral Resources ku Indonesia, nkhokwe za golide zosungidwa ndi kugawa ndi motere: nkhokwe za golidi ndi pafupifupi matani 1.91 miliyoni, okhala ndi matani otsimikizika a matani 3.200, omwe amagawidwa makamaka ku Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, ndi Papua. Mu 2023. kupanga kunali pafupifupi matani 132, ndi pafupifupi 890 kilogalamu mipiringidzo golide kunja. Kukumba golide kwakopa amalonda ambiri aku China komanso osunga ndalama. Ku Indonesia, migodi ya golidi nthawi zambiri imagawidwa kukhala migodi ya golide wa alluvial ndi oxidized ores. Njira yodutsira milu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga oxidized ores imatengedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha ndalama zake zochepa komanso kubweza mwachangu. Komabe, kumanga milu ya milu kumayendetsedwa ndi kugula, magwero azidziwitso, komanso ukadaulo womanga, zomwe zimapangitsa eni ake ambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito poyambira. Sodium cyanide.

Sodium cyanide imabweretsa zovuta zambiri ku Indonesia. Choyamba, mtengo wogula ndi wapamwamba, ndi mtengo wamsika wa 50.000 mpaka 60.000 RMB pa tani. Chachiwiri, Sodium Cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri; pokoka mpweya, kulowa m'thupi, kapena kuyamwa pakhungu kungayambitse chiphe chachikulu. Chachitatu, sodium cyanide ili pansi pa malamulo okhwima ndi boma la Indonesia, ndi zilolezo zokhwima ndi kuyang'anira malonda, kusunga, ndi mayendedwe. Nkhanizi zimamvetsetsedwa bwino ndi omwe amagulitsa ndalama ku China, koma nthawi zonse pakhala kusowa kwa njira zina zothandiza.

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2016. angapo othandizira golide wokonda zachilengedwe adapangidwa ku China ndipo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Shaanxi United Chemical ndi kampani yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri kupanga ndi kufufuza kwa hydrogen cyanide zotumphukira ndi wochezeka zachilengedwe wothandizila golide m'zigawo. Ntchito yeniyeni ya Shaanxi United yosamalira zachilengedwe yochotsa golide imatha kulowa m'malo mwa sodium cyanide ndipo yagulitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko opitilira khumi padziko lonse lapansi, ndikulandila matamando ambiri kuchokera kwa makasitomala.

1. Makhalidwe a Shaanxi United omwe amachotsa golide wokonda zachilengedwe ndi awa:

2. ndi zachilengedwe komanso zobiriwira (zoyesedwa ndi madipatimenti ovomerezeka, zinthuzo zimayikidwa ngati katundu wamba);

3. ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu chochira (choyenera kukhetsa milu, leaching ya dziwe, kuyambitsa leaching, etc.);

4. ali ndi kukhazikika kwabwino (ndi zokhazikika zokhazikika zomwe zimawonjezeredwa kuti zichepetse kusokoneza zinthu zovulaza monga S ndi As);

5. ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana (zogwiritsidwa ntchito mu golide wopangidwa ndi oxidized ores, ores primary, slag sulfuric, golide, matope a anode, etc.);

6. ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito (pH mtengo wa 10-12. Mlingo ndi njira zimatha kugwirizana kwathunthu ndi njira za cyanide);

7. ndi zotsika mtengo, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zogulira poyerekeza ndi sodium cyanide.

Malangizo Ogwiritsa Ntchito

1. Kuchuluka kwa Ntchito:

1. Mitundu ya Ore Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito: Golide ndi siliva oxide ores, ore mbadwa, high-sulfure ndi mkulu-arsenic golide ore, cyanide tailings, golide amaika, zotsalira sulfuric acid, anode matope, etc.

2. Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito Kukonza Michere: Kuchotsa mchere m'milu, kuchotsa mchere m'madziwe, Carbon-mkati mwa zamkati (kutulutsa madzi movutikira), ndi zina zotero.

2. Fomu Yogulitsa: Ufa wolimba kapena mawonekedwe a granular

3. Njira Yoyimitsa: Sungunulani mokwanira m'madzi otentha musanagwiritse ntchito (nthawi zambiri, kusungunuka kumatha kufulumizitsidwa m'madzi oyenda kapena kusonkhezera bwino; panthawi ya leaching mulu, dziwe la dosing limatha kumangidwa m'mphepete mwa dziwe lopanda yankho kuti madzi obwerera atatha kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya kuti atsuke golide wochotsa golide mu dziwe losauka).

4. Kusintha pH: Nthawi zambiri, laimu kapena sodium hydroxide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha ndi kusunga pH mtengo pakati pa 10-12; pamene madzi obwerera pH mtengo amachepetsa, alkalinity iyenera kusinthidwa panthawi yake; Ngati mtengo wa pH ukhalabe wokwera kwambiri (oposa 12) kwa nthawi yayitali, ukhoza kupangitsa kupanga sikelo ya alkaline yomwe imakhudza kutsekemera kwa kaboni kapena kuyambitsa kutsika kwamadzi komwe kumakhudza kuyendetsa bwino ntchito.

5. Kuwerengera Mlingo:

1. Mlingo ukhoza kutchulidwa kuchokera ku kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya sodium cyanide, ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiyese kuyesa mchere ndikutchula zinthu zabwino (nthawi zambiri za 1-2 g / t kwa ores golide, ndi ndende ya golide wochotsa golide nthawi zambiri amasungidwa pa 0.3-0.8 ‰, kusinthidwa malinga ndi magiredi osiyanasiyana ore ndi zigawo zovulaza).

2. Kuwerengera Njira ya Mlingo: Mlingo wowonjezera wa golide wochotsa golide = (mtengo wokwanira wowerengera - mtengo wapanthawiyo woyezedwa) × kuchuluka kwa madzi mu dziwe la dosing; Mwachitsanzo, ngati mulingo woyenera kwambiri ndende mtengo wa wothandizila golide m'zigawo ndi 1.5 ‰ (zochokera voliyumu madzi), ndi kubwerera madzi ndende ndi 0.6 ‰, ndi 500 kiyubiki mamita madzi mu dziwe osauka njira, ndiye kuti mlingo wowonjezera adzakhala: (1.5 - 0.6) × 500 = 450 makilogalamu.

6. Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Zogulitsa: (Mogwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide mu mulu leaching ndi carbon leaching njira)

1. Njira Yokhetsera Mulu ndi Pond Leaching: Ponyani miyala yaiwisi, muunjike, muyike, leach, adsorb ndi activated carbon (zinc powder replacement), electrowinning, and smelting.

2. Njira ya Carbon-in-Pulp (Stirred Leaching): Ponyani miyala yaiwisi, perani, carbon leach, electrowinning, ndi kusungunula.

Bwino Mlandu wa Environmentally Wochezeka Gold m'zigawo Reagent

Mgodi wa Golide wa Lingbao Wenyu ku Henan wachita mayeso a labotale ndi mafakitale pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano wotsitsa golide wotsitsa golide mu ntchito yake yonse ya laimu ya cyanidation. The mayesero akwaniritsa abwino processing zizindikiro. Pamene fineness akupera anali -0.074mm ndi zili zazikulu kuposa 90%, zamkati ndende anali 40%, laimu mlingo anali 3kg/t, ndi zamchere pretreatment nthawi 2 hours, mlingo wa zachilengedwe wochezeka golide leaching wothandizira anali 600g/t, ndipo leaching nthawi inali maola 24, golide leaching mlingo anafika 95.60%. Zotsatira zoyesa zikuwonetsa kuti reagent iyi imatha kulowa m'malo mwa sodium cyanide pochotsa golide. Pakadali pano, reagent yagwiritsidwa ntchito. Poyerekeza ndi leaching ya cyanide, kuchuluka kwa leaching kunawonjezeka ndi 1.4%, mlingo wa reagent unachepetsedwa ndi 200g / t, ndipo nthawi yochepetsetsa inafupikitsidwa ndi maola oposa 12. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunika kwa kawopsedwe ka tailings kuchokera kwa woyendetsa golide wochezeka ndi chilengedwe kunawonetsa kuti poizoni wa cyanide, mkuwa, lead, zinki, ndi arsenic m'michirazo zinali mkati mwa malire, zomwe zimalola kutulutsa mwachindunji popanda kufunikira kwa mankhwala ochotsa poizoni.

Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito wokonda zachilengedwe kusankha golide wothandiziras, m'pofunika kukhala ndi katswiri wodziwa kuyesa mayesero kumayambiriro kwa migodi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa madera osiyanasiyana a migodi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ore idzapereka zotsatira zosiyana ndi osankhidwa. Mlingo woyenera komanso ngati mungawonjezere zinthu zina zama mankhwala ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa potengera mayeso oyambira. Panthawi imeneyi, Shaanxi United Chemical adzapereka ntchito zonse zofunika kukuthandizani kumaliza mayeso.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zamaluso? Lumikizanani nafe!

Malangizo Ofunda:Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, monga mawu, zinthu, mayankho, ndi zina zambiri,