Zotsatira za Mchere Wogwirizana pa Njira Yotulutsa Cyanide

Introduction

Cyanide leaching ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa golide ndi siliva kuchokera ku miyala. Komabe, kukhalapo kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana Associated Minerals mu ore akhoza kwambiri kukhudza dzuwa ndi mphamvu ya ndondomekoyi. Kumvetsetsa zokhuza izi ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse bwino cyanide leaching ntchito ndi kupititsa patsogolo kubwezeretsa kwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali.

Ma Iron Minerals

Mnyamata

Pyrite ndi wamba chitsulo - sulfide mchere mu golide - okhala ndi ores. Pa nthawi ya cyanide leaching, pamene pyrite ili mu zamkati, imatha kukhala oxidized kupanga ferrous sulfate. ferrous sulfate iyi imakumana ndi cyanide kupanga ferrocyanate. Izi zimadya wambirimbiri Sodium Cyanide, chomwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chopangira golide. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikuchita kwa laimu ndi mpweya, pyrite imathanso kusinthika kukhala sulfide yosungunuka, colloidal sulfure, kapena thiosulfate. Kusintha kumeneku kumagwiritsa ntchito mpweya, womwe ndi wofunikira pakusungunuka kwa golide mu dongosolo la cyanide - leaching. Ponseponse, izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pakuchita bwino kwa golide - leaching.

Pyrrhotite

Pyrrhotite ndi mchere wina wachitsulo - sulfide womwe umakhudza leaching ya cyanide. Imakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi cyanide kupanga thiocyanate. Kuonjezera apo, ferrous sulphate yopangidwa kuchokera ku okosijeni yake imagwiranso ntchito ndi cyanide kupanga ferrocyanate. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pyrrhotite ingayambitse kuchepa kwakukulu kwa golidi - kusungunuka, mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa ndi 28.1% nthawi zina. Zimapangitsanso kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kwa kumwa kwa cyanide, nthawi zambiri kuwirikiza kanayi.

Copper Minerals

Chalcopyrite ndi Chalcocite

Mchere wamkuwa monga chalcopyrite ndi chalcocite amakhudza kwambiri cyanide leaching. Cyanide solution imatha kusungunula mchere wamkuwa, koma kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kumasiyanasiyana. Chalcopyrite ndi yokhazikika pakati pa mchere wa copper sulfide, pamene chalcocite imakhala yowonjezereka. Mu cyanide solution, mkuwa mu mcherewu, nthawi zambiri mu divalent state, ndi wosakhazikika. Divalent copper imatulutsa cyanide, kusintha kukhala mkuwa wokhazikika ndikupanga ma complex okhala ndi cyanide mu zamkati. Kwa chalcocite, ingayambitse kuchepa kwakukulu kwa golidi - kusungunuka, mpaka 36.81% muzoyesera zina, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa khumi kwa cyanide.

Malachite (Copper Oxide Mineral)

Malachite ndi mkuwa wamba - oxide mineral. Imasungunuka mosavuta mu sodium - cyanide solution, yomwe imabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa cyanide. Zomwe zimachitika pakati pa malachite ndi cyanide zimagwiritsa ntchito ayoni ambiri a cyanide. Zotsatira zake, mchere wa copper sulfide ndi copper oxide ukhoza kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pakuchotsa kwa cyanide - golide.

Arsenic Minerals

Realgar ndi Orpiment

Realgar ndi orpiment ndizowopsa ku leaching ya cyanide. Mu njira yamphamvu yamchere yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumiza cyanide, amapanga mankhwala monga thioarsenite. Thioarsenite amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi okosijeni mu njira yopangira arsenite, kuwononga mpweya wambiri mu mineral slurry. Komanso, mchere wa arsenic ukathiridwa okosijeni mu yankho, filimu yopangidwa ndi arsenic imapangidwa pamwamba pa tinthu tagolide. Filimuyi imayimitsa mwachindunji golide kuti asagwirizane ndi cyanide, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kusungunuka kwa golide. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti realgar ndi orpiment amatha kuchepetsa golide - kusungunuka kwa 41.95% ndi 49.90% motsatira, ndikuwonjezera kumwa kwa cyanide ndi 13.8 nthawi ndi 15.0.

Arsenopyrite

Arsenopyrite ndi wamba arsenic - okhala ndi mchere. Mosiyana ndi realgar ndi orpiment, arsenopyrite imakhala yokhazikika mu dongosolo la cyanide. Ngakhale ili ndi arsenic, pansi pa cyanide yokhazikika - leaching, siwonongeka mosavuta ndipo motero imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa cyanide leaching poyerekeza ndi mchere wina wa arsenic.

lead Minerals

Galena ndi Lead Alum

Galena ndi lead alum ndiye omwe amatsogolera - okhala ndi mchere mumigodi ya golide. Galena akhoza kukhala oxidized kuti atsogolere alum. Mu njira yamphamvu ya alkaline, lead alum imatha kutulutsa lead ya alkaline - mchere wa asidi, womwe umalumikizana ndi cyanide mu njira yopangira mphamvu yosasungunuka - alkaline cyanide. Mulingo wochepa wa mchere wotsogolera ungathandize kwenikweni kutulutsa kwa cyanide m'migodi ya golidi. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mchere wamtovu kumakhudza golide - kuyendetsa bwino ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito cyanide ndipo mwina kupanga ma precipitates omwe angasokoneze kayendetsedwe kake.

Antimony - Muli Mchere

Stibnite

Stibnite ndiye antimoni wamkulu - wokhala ndi mchere wa sulfide. Mu cyanide - leaching process, zotsatira zake zoyipa ndizofanana ndi za orpiment. Imasungunuka mosavuta mu njira yamphamvu - ya alkaline kuti ipange thioantimonite, yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala antimonite. Kuphatikiza apo, tinthu tating'ono ta stibnite colloidal mu alkaline - cyanide solution imatha kumamatira pamwamba pa tinthu tagolide, kulepheretsa golide kusungunuka.

Zinthu za Carbon

Migodi ya golide ingakhale ndi Carbon zinthu, kuphatikizapo kaboni wosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe ndi kaboni wachilengedwe monga humic acid. Zinthuzi zikapezeka, zimatha kuyamwa golide wosungunuka mu yankho la cyanide. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa golide wosungunuka mu yankho, chinthu chomwe chimadziwika kuti "kuba golide." Zinthu za kaboni zimapikisana ndi njira yochotsera golide wosungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide asapezekenso.

Njira Zochepetsera Kuwonongeka kwa Mchere Wogwirizana

Kukonzekera kwa Ores

• Kukonzekera kwa Oxidation: Kwa ores okhala ndi chitsulo - sulfide, arsenic, kapena mchere wa antimony, ma oxidation pretreatment amatha kukhala othandiza. Oxidation imaphwanya mcherewu, ndikumasula golide wotsekeredwa ndikuchepetsa zotsatira zake zoyipa pakutulutsa kwa cyanide. Makutidwe ndi okosijeni wamba - njira zodzitetezera kumaphatikizapo kuwotcha, kutsekemera kwa okosijeni, ndi bio-oxidation.

• Copper - Pre-leaching: Pankhani ya ores okhala ndi mkuwa wambiri, pre-leaching yamkuwa imatha kuchitika. Pochotsa mkuwa pamaso pa cyanide leaching, kuchuluka kwa cyanide komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mchere wamkuwa kumatha kuchepetsedwa, motero kumapangitsa kuti golide wa cyanide azitha kuyendetsa bwino.

Kukhathamiritsa kwa Cyanide - Leaching Conditions

• Kusintha Mlingo wa Reagent: Kutengera mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere wogwirizana nawo, kuchuluka kwa cyanide ndi ma reagents ena kumatha kusinthidwa. Mwachitsanzo, pakakhala mchere wambiri wamkuwa, kuwonjezera mlingo wa cyanide pang'ono pomwe kuwongolera mtengo wa pH kungathandize kuti golide asungunuke bwino.

• Kuwongolera Mikhalidwe ya Pulp: Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zamkati, kutentha, ndi kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono ndikofunikiranso. Kukhazikika kwa zamkati koyenera kumatsimikizira kuti cyanide ndi okosijeni zimatha kufalikira bwino mu zamkati. Kusunga kutentha koyenera (nthawi zambiri 15 - 30 °C) kumalinganiza liwiro lomwe golide amasungunuka komanso kukhazikika kwa cyanide solution.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zowonjezera

• Zowonjezera Zolepheretsa Kuchita kwa Mineral: Zowonjezera monga mchere wa lead zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuletsa mamineral ena owopsa kuti asakhudzidwe. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera lead acetate amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi ayoni a sulfide kuchokera pakuwonongeka kwa sulfure - wokhala ndi mchere, kupanga lead yosasungunuka - sulfide precipitates. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide ndi oxygen zomwe sulfure - zomwe zimakhala ndi mchere zimadya.

• Ma Adsorbents Opikisana: Pankhani ya miyala yokhala ndi zinthu za kaboni, kuwonjezera zinthu zotsutsana monga Carbon Woyendetsa Kuchotsa cyanide mu chitsulo kungachepetse mphamvu ya "kuba golide". Mpweya wopangidwa umapikisana ndi kaboni mu chitsulocho kuti upeze golide wosungunuka, motero umawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa golide.

Kutsiliza

Ma minerals okhudzana ndi golide ndi siliva amakhudza mosiyanasiyana komanso amakhudza kwambiri njira ya cyanide - leaching. Iron, mkuwa, arsenic, lead, antimony - okhala ndi mchere, ndi zinthu za kaboni zonse zimatha kusokoneza mphamvu ya leaching mwa kuwononga zotulutsa, kuletsa golide kuti asakhudze cyanide, kapena kuyamwa golide wosungunuka. Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zochiritsira, kukhathamiritsa kwa mikhalidwe ya leaching, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera, zovuta izi zitha kuchepetsedwa. Izi zimathandiza kuti golide ndi siliva azichotsa bwino kwambiri kuchokera ku miyala ya mineralized - mineralized ores, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zachuma za migodi.