Sodium Cyanide: Chinsinsi cha Kutulutsa Golide koyenera komanso kotsika mtengo

Pankhani ya migodi ya golidi, kuchotsa golide ku miyala yamtengo wapatali yakhala ntchito yovuta. Komabe, pakubwera kwaumisiri ndi njira zatsopano, zakhala zotheka komanso zopindulitsa pazachuma. Njira imodzi yotereyi yomwe yasintha kachulukidwe ka golide kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito Sodium cyanide. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza motere Sodium Cyanide imathandizira kutulutsa kogwira mtima komanso kotsika mtengo kuchokera ku miyala yagolide yotsika.

Njira Yachikhalidwe: Cyanidation

The Cyanidation njira, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide chifukwa Kuchotsa golide, ili ndi mbiri yakale. Chiyambireni ntchito yake yoyamba mu 1887 kuchotsa golide ndi siliva, idalandiridwa kwambiri pamakampani a golide padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ikadali ndi udindo waukulu. Njira imeneyi ndi yosavuta. Pankhani ya miyala yamtengo wapatali ya golidi, njira yowonjezereka ndiyo kukonza kaye miyalayo. The ore nthawi zambiri wosweka kuti kukula yoyenera kuonjezera pamwamba m'dera, amene facilitates anachita ndi cyanide yankho. Kenako, njira ya cyanide, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala sodium cyanide yosungunuka m'madzi, imayambitsidwa. Golide mu ore amakhudzidwa ndi ma cyanide ions pamaso pa okosijeni kuti apange golide wosungunuka wa cyanide complexes. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwamankhwala kumatha kukhala kosavuta motere: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH. Izi zimapangitsa golide kusungunuka ndikulekanitsidwa ndi matrix ore.

Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide mu Low-Grade Gold Extraction

Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri

Sodium cyanide imagwirizana kwambiri ndi golide. Ikhoza kusungunula golide kuchokera ku miyala, ngakhale golideyo atakhala wotsika. Kusankha kumeneku n'kofunika chifukwa kumapangitsa kuti golide atuluke kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali kumene mchere wina ungakhalepo wochuluka kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zochotsera, cyanidation yokhala ndi sodium cyanide imatha kupeza golide wapamwamba kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha ore, kuchira mitengo ya 50 - 80% kapena ngakhale mkulu monga 90% chingapezeke. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti golidi wochuluka akhoza kuchotsedwa pamtengo wofanana wa ore otsika, kukulitsa mtengo wa gwero.

Kuchita Bwino

Ubwino umodzi wofunikira wogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide pochotsa golide wocheperako ndikuti ndi wokwera mtengo. Njira yonse ya cyanidation ndiyosavuta. Sichifuna zida zovuta kwambiri komanso zodula poyerekeza ndi njira zina zochotsera. Mwachitsanzo, popanga milu ya leaching, yomwe ndi njira yodziwika bwino yopangira golide wocheperako pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide, zofunika zazikulu ndi thabwa loyenera, makina opoperapo mankhwala a cyanide, ndi zida zotengera njira yopangira mimba. Kuphweka kumeneku pazida ndi ndondomeko kumachepetsa zonse zomwe zimayambira ndalama komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsika mtengo kwa sodium cyanide palokha, poyerekeza ndi zida zina zapadera zochotsa, kumathandizira kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yotsika mtengo.

Mavuto ndi Mayankho pa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide

Kusokoneza kwa Arsenic

Pakuwotcha ndi cyaniding ya golide wokhazikika, arsenic ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chingakhudze kuchuluka kwa cyanide leaching ya golide ndi siliva. Kuchuluka kwa arsenic mu golide kuchulukirachulukira, kuchuluka kwa golide ndi siliva pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kumachepa pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, njira zothetsera vutoli zapangidwa kuti zithetse vutoli. Kuthira 4% mpaka 5% sodium sulfate pamwambo wa ore pakuwotcha kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa golide ndi siliva wa cyanide mu golide wokhala ndi arsenic. Kusintha kumeneku pakuwotcha kumathandizira kuchepetsa kuwononga kwa arsenic ndikusunga magwiridwe antchito a cyanidation.

Zokhudza Zachilengedwe ndi Chitetezo

Cyanide ndi chinthu choopsa, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ndi kunyamulidwa kwake kumafunikira kwambiri. Madzi otayira a sodium cyanide amatha kuyambitsa kuipitsidwa kosiyanasiyana ku chilengedwe. Pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi madzi otayira a sodium cyanide, chithandizo cha hydrogen peroxide chingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Iyi ndi njira yothira okosijeni ndi kuwonongeka. Pamene hydrogen peroxide ikakhudzana ndi madzi otayira a sodium cyanide, sodium biCarbonMpweya wa ade ndi ammonia umapangidwa. Njirayi ili ndi ubwino wochita bwino kwambiri komanso wosawononga ndalama pochiza zinyalala za cyanide.

Pankhani ya chitetezo, ma protocol okhwima ali m'malo. Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala apadera omwe amafunikira chilolezo cholowa kunja ndi satifiketi yogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto asanalowe kunja. Pakusungirako ndikugwiritsa ntchito, sayenera kuikidwa pamodzi ndi ma acid, nitrites, nitrates, ndi zinthu zina, monga kuziyika ku malo a acidic kungachepetse khalidwe la mankhwala ndi ntchito yake. Iyenera kusungidwa pamalo olowera mpweya wabwino komanso wouma, makamaka m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zapadera kapena kabati yapadera yotsekedwa kawiri. Kuwunika nthawi zonse, kukonza, ndi kuwongolera kutentha ndi chinyezi cha malo osungirako ndikofunikira, limodzi ndi njira zoyenera zolowera mpweya kapena kuchepetsa chinyezi. Malo osungiramo zinthu ayeneranso kukhala ndi masks ofanana ndi gasi, masks, zida zodzitetezera, ndi zida zozimitsira moto.

Maphunziro a Sodium Cyanide mu Low-Grade Gold Extraction

Ntchito ya Zijin Mining mu Zijinshan Gold Mine

Zijin Mining yagwiritsa ntchito bwino njira ya cyanidation pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide mu Zijinshan Gold Mine. Popopera mankhwala a cyanide (sodium cyanide solution) pazitsulo zagolide zophwanyidwa, atha kuchotsa golide pamtengo wotsika. Kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku sikunangoyambitsa kuthekera kwa migodi ya golide wocheperako m'derali komanso kwapatsa Zijin Mining mwayi waukulu pamsika wagolide. Kukhazikitsa kwawo bwino kukuwonetsa kuchita bwino kwa kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide pochotsa golide wocheperako pochita migodi yeniyeni.

Kuchuluka Kwapadziko Lonse kwa Cyanidation mu Migodi Yotsika Yagolide

Padziko lonse lapansi, migodi yambiri ya golide yotsika kwambiri imadalira cyanidation ndi sodium cyanide. M’madera monga North America, South America, ndi Australia, kumene kuli nkhokwe zazikulu za miyala ya golide yotsika kwambiri, cyanidation ndi njira imene anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito. Migodi iyi yakonza njira yoyendetsera bwino ntchito, ndalama, komanso kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe ndi chitetezo. Amapitilizabe kuchita kafukufuku ndi chitukuko kuti apititse patsogolo njira ya cyanidation, monga kuwongolera bwino ndende ya cyanide, njira zokonzekera bwino za ore, ndi njira zotsogola zochizira zinyalala za cyanide, zonse zomwe cholinga chake ndi kukulitsa ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide pochotsa golide wocheperako.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchotsa golide kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali komanso yotsika mtengo. Ngakhale kuti pali zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake, monga kusokoneza kwa arsenic ndi kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe ndi chitetezo, ndi njira zoyenera zamakono zamakono komanso chitetezo chokhwima ndi kuyang'anira chilengedwe, ndondomeko ya cyanidation imakhalabe imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zopangira migodi ya golide. Pamene kufunikira kwa golide kukukulirakulirabe komanso ma depositi agolide apamwamba akuchepa, kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kuti atsegule mtengo wa golide wocheperako kudzangowonjezereka. Makampani opanga migodi ndi ofufuza apitiliza kupanga zatsopano m'derali kuti apititse patsogolo luso komanso kukhazikika kwa ntchito yochotsa golide pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide.