Njira Zochepetsera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide Pamene Mukusunga Mitengo Yochira

M'mafakitale amigodi ndi zitsulo, sodium cyanide wakhala reagent kiyi kwa m'zigawo za zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golide ndi siliva chifukwa cha mphamvu yake Kusungunuka zitsulo izi. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito Sodium Cyanide zimabweretsa zoopsa zachilengedwe ndi chitetezo, kuphatikiza zomwe zingatheke cyanide kutayikira ndi kuvulaza komwe kungayambitse ku chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu. Pamene malamulo a chilengedwe akuchulukirachulukira, pakufunika kuchepetsedwa Sodium cyanide kugwiritsa ntchito popanda kupereka ndalama zobwezera zitsulo. Cholemba chabuloguchi chikuwunika njira zingapo ndi matekinoloje omwe angathandize kukwaniritsa kusakhazikika uku.

1. Konzani Njira za Leaching

The leaching process ndipamene sodium cyanide imalumikizana ndi ore kuti isungunuke zitsulo zomwe mukufuna. Mwa kukhathamiritsa magawo mkati mwa njirayi, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide kumatha kuchitika.

1.1 Sinthani bwino pH ndi Miyezo ya oxygen

Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri mkati mwa mtundu wina wa pH, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 10 ndi 11. Kuyang'anira ndi kuwongolera bwino pH ya yankho la leaching kumathandizira kuyambiranso kwa cyanide. Kuphatikiza apo, okosijeni ndi kofunikira pakuchita kwa okosijeni komwe kumathandizira kusungunuka kwachitsulo. Mpweya wokwanira, kudzera mu njira monga kugwiritsa ntchito ma compressor a mpweya kapena ma jakisoni a okosijeni, kumawonetsetsa kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni akuyenda bwino. Pokhala ndi pH yoyenera ndi mpweya wabwino, cyanide yochepa imafunika kuti ikwaniritse mlingo womwewo wa kuchotsa zitsulo.

1.2 Gwiritsirani Ntchito Njira Zothandizira Othandizira

Kuchiza chisanachitike ore kumatha kupangitsa kuti cyanide leaching ikhale yabwino, kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, kuwotcha kapena bio-oxidation kumatha kuwononga zinthu zowunikidwa mu ore, ndikuwulula zitsulo zambiri zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi yankho la cyanide. Pressure oxidation ndi njira ina yothandiza yochizira, yomwe imatha kukulitsa gawo la tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndikuwongolera kulumikizana pakati pa cyanide ndi zitsulo, motero kumathandizira kuchira mukamagwiritsa ntchito cyanide yochepa.

2. Pangani Zatsopano ndi Zopangira Zina ndi Zowonjezera

Kufufuza ma reagents ndi zowonjezera zimatha kupereka zoloweza m'malo kapena zowonjezera ku sodium cyanide, kuchepetsa kudalira kwake.

2.1 Gwiritsani Ntchito Ma Cyanide-Free Leaching Agents

Ma leaching angapo opanda cyanide apezeka ngati njira zina zomwe zingatheke. Thiosulfate, mwachitsanzo, wawonetsa lonjezo pakuchotsa golide. Ndiwowopsa pang'ono kuposa sodium cyanide ndipo imatha kukwanitsa kuchira kofananira pamikhalidwe yoyenera. Thiosulfate leaching ndi yothandiza makamaka mu miyala yomwe imakhala ndi mkuwa wambiri kapena zinthu zina zosokoneza, zomwe zimatha kudya cyanide mwachikhalidwe. Njira ina ndi thiourea, yomwe imaperekanso njira yochepetsera zachilengedwe yochotsa zitsulo, makamaka ikaphatikizidwa ndi okosijeni oyenera.

2.2 Phatikizani Zowonjezera

Zowonjezera zimatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya sodium cyanide, kulola kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Laimu, mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kusintha pH ya yankho la leaching ndikuletsa kupanga mpweya woyipa wa hydrogen cyanide. Kuphatikiza apo, ma polima ena ndi ma surfactants amatha kusintha kufalikira kwa cyanide mu ore slurry, kukulitsa kulumikizana bwino pakati pa cyanide ndi zitsulo. Zowonjezera izi zitha kuthandiza kuchepetsa kumwa kwa cyanide mpaka 20 - 30% ndikusungabe kuchira.

3. Kupititsa patsogolo Zida ndi Njira Zowunika

Kukweza zida ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira zapamwamba kungathandizenso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide.

3.1 Kukweza Ma Leaching Reactors

Ma rector amakono a leaching, monga ma tank othamanga omwe ali ndi njira zosakanikirana bwino, amatha kuwonetsetsa kuti cyanide imagawika m'matanthwe a ore. Izi zimathandizira kusungunuka kwachitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cyanide ikhale yochepa. Ma continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) okhala ndi mapangidwe okhathamiritsa amatha kupititsa patsogolo kusamutsidwa kwa anthu ambiri, kuchepetsa nthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa cyanide yofunikira pakuchotsa zitsulo zonse.

3.2 Yambitsani Kuwunika Kwanthawi Yeniyeni

Masensa apamwamba kwambiri ndi makina owunikira amatha kuyeza mosalekeza magawo ngati ndende ya cyanide, pH, ndi kusungunuka kwachitsulo pakupanga leaching. Pokhala ndi deta yeniyeni, ogwira ntchito amatha kusintha mwamsanga mlingo wa cyanide, kuonetsetsa kuti ndalama zokhazokha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Makina owongolera okha amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi masensa awa kuti athe kuwongolera bwino kuwonjezeredwa kwa cyanide, kupewa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira muyeso komanso kukhathamiritsa kuchira.

4. Konzani Kugwira ndi Kukonzekera Ore

yoyenera kusamalira ore ndi kukonzekera kungakhale ndi zotsatira zazikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito cyanide ndi kuchira.

4.1 Kupititsa patsogolo Kugaya kwa Ore

Kulamulira tinthu kukula kwa miyala kudzera wokometsedwa akupera n'kofunika. Kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumawonjezera malo opezeka kuti cyanide agwirizane ndi zitsulo, koma kugaya mopitilira muyeso kungayambitsenso kumwa kwa reagent. Popeza momwe tinthu tating'onoting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'onoting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, kuchuluka kwa sianidi komwe kumafunikira pakuchotsa zitsulo kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndikusunga mitengo yochira.

4.2 Ore Sorting Technologies

Kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osankhidwa a ore, monga kusanja kwa X-ray fluorescence (XRF) kapena kusanja kwa kuwala, kumatha kulekanitsa miyala yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndi miyala yotsika kwambiri isanachitike. Izi zimathandiza kuti mbali zofunika kwambiri za ore zilowetsedwe, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimafunika kuthandizidwa ndi cyanide ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide.

Pomaliza, kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa sodium cyanide ndikusunga ziwopsezo ndizovuta zambiri zomwe zimafunikira kuphatikiza kukhathamiritsa kwazinthu, luso laukadaulo, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito mosamala. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe tafotokozazi, mafakitale a migodi ndi zitsulo sangathe kuchepetsa malo awo a chilengedwe komanso akhoza kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito pakapita nthawi. Pamene kafukufuku akupitilirabe patsogolo, njira zatsopano komanso zogwira mtima zitha kuwoneka, ndikupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa njira zochotsa zitsulo.