Njira ya Electrolytic Oxidation Yochizira Madzi a Sodium Cyanide

Introduction

Cyanide - yomwe ili ndi madzi oipa, makamaka omwe amachokera Sodium Cyanide, ndi vuto lalikulu la chilengedwe. Madzi otayira ngati amenewa ndi owopsa kwambiri ndipo makamaka amachokera ku mafakitale monga electroplating, kupanga gasi, coking, zitsulo, kukonza zitsulo, ulusi wamankhwala, pulasitiki, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi makampani opanga mankhwala. M'madzi, imakhala yosakhazikika komanso imatha kuwonongeka. Onse organic ndi organic cyanides ndi zinthu zakupha kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mlingo wakupha wa cyanide kwa thupi la munthu ndi 0.18 g, ndipo potassium cyanide ndi 0.12 g. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwakupha kwa cyanide ku nsomba m'madzi kumachokera ku 0.04 - 0.1 mg/L. Zotsatira zake, njira zochiritsira zogwira mtima zimafunikira mwachangu kuti zichepetse kuwononga kwake chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu.

Zoyambira za Electrolytic Oxidation za Cyanide - zomwe zili ndi Madzi a Waste

The Electrolytic oxidation process zochiza Madzi a sodium cyanide zimagwira ntchito pa mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi kuyendetsa zochitika za mankhwala pa anode ndi cathode, potero kutembenuza cyanide m'madzi otayira kukhala zinthu zosavulaza. Pochita izi, zonse zosavuta za cyanide ndi zovuta za cyanide m'madzi otayira zimadutsa electrolysis.

Zochita za Anode

• Kwa Cyanide Yosavuta: Pa gawo loyamba la reaction pa anode, simple cyanide imachitapo kanthu mwamphamvu ndi zinthu zina m'madzi otayira kuti ipange mankhwala osaopsa kwambiri. Pa gawo lachiwiri lotsatira, zimachitika zinthu ziwiri. Kachitidwe kamodzi kamagawanso mankhwalawa kukhala Carbon mpweya woipa, nayitrogeni, ndi madzi. Mbali inayi imapangitsa kuti ammonium ipangidwe.

• Kwa Coordination Cyanide (Kutenga Mkuwa - wokhala ndi Complex monga Chitsanzo): Pamene coordination cyanide, monga mkuwa - munali ma complexes, kufika anode, amachitira kupanga ayoni zamkuwa ndi wina wochepa poizoni pawiri. Mchere wa tebulo ukawonjezeredwa ku sing'anga ya electrolytic, zochita zowonjezera zimachitika. Ma chloride ions ochokera ku mchere amapangidwa ndi okosijeni kuti apange nascent chlorine. Klorini wotuluka ameneyu amakumana ndi cyanide ndi zinthu zina zomwe zili m'madzi otayidwa kuti aphwanye zitsulo za cyanide kukhala zinthu zosavulaza, kuphatikiza ma ayoni a carbon dioxide, nitrogen, ndi chloride.

Zochita za Cathode

Pa cathode, ma hydrogen ions amapeza ma elekitironi ndikupanga mpweya wa haidrojeni. Kwa chitsulo - chokhala ndi ma cyanide complexes, monga omwe ali ndi mkuwa, ayoni amkuwa amapeza ma elekitironi ndipo akhoza kuikidwa ngati zitsulo zamkuwa. Pazifukwa zina, ayoni amkuwa amathanso kuchitapo kanthu ndi ayoni a hydroxide kuti apange copper hydroxide precipitate.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu mu Electrolytic Oxidation Process

• Zida za Electrode: Kusankha kwa ma elekitirodi ndikofunikira. Nthawi zambiri, zitsulo zofatsa zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida za cathode. Komabe, anode ayenera kupirira chilengedwe champhamvu cha electrochemical. Dimensionally stable anodes (DSA), omwe amapangidwa ndi ma oxides odziwika bwino komanso opangidwa ndi makampani angapo, ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito izi. Graphite amathanso kukhala chinthu cha anode, koma ali ndi vuto la kudyedwa pang'onopang'ono panthawi ya electrolysis.

• Kuwongolera Kutentha: Kutentha kwa madzi otayika panthawi ya electrolysis kumafunika kuyendetsedwa bwino. Iyenera kusungidwa kutentha kosachepera 25 ° C. Ngati kutentha kumakwera kwambiri, klorini yopangidwa kuchokera ku makutidwe ndi okosijeni a ayoni a kloridi mu mchere wowonjezerayo idzathawa isanakumane ndi cyanide, potero kuchepetsa mphamvu ya cyanide - chiwonongeko.

• Chloride Ion Kuwonjezera: Kuthira ma chloride ions m'madzi otayira kumatha kukulitsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni a electrolytic a cyanide. Nthawi zambiri, kuwonjezera 1 - 2 g/L ya ayoni a kloride ndikokwanira. Nthawi zina, kuwonjezera mchere wamba (sodium kolorayidi) pa ndende ya 25 g pa lita imodzi kumadzi otayira kwawonetsedwa kuti kumathandiza pakuwonongeka kwa electrolytic kwa cyanide.

Ubwino wa Electrolytic Oxidation Process

• Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri Kwa Madzi Owonongeka Kwambiri: Njira ya electrolytic oxidation ndiyothandiza makamaka pochiza high-concentration cyanide - yomwe ili ndi madzi oipa, monga omwe amapezeka m'migodi ya golide. Ikhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi onyansa.

• Mu - Situ Generation of Reactive Species: Panthawi ya electrolysis, mitundu yokhazikika ngati nascent chlorine imapangidwa mkati mwadongosolo. Izi zimathetsa kufunika kowonjezera kwakunja kwa zinthu zomwe zingakhale zoopsa komanso zokwera mtengo za okosijeni wambiri.

• kusinthasintha: Njirayi ingasinthidwe molingana ndi kapangidwe kake ka madzi onyansa. Poyang'anira magawo monga kachulukidwe wamakono, voteji, ndi kuwonjezera mchere wina, njira ya electrolytic oxidation ikhoza kukonzedwanso kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cyanide - yomwe ili ndi madzi oipa, kaya ali ndi mankhwala osavuta kapena ovuta a cyanide.

Kutsiliza

Njira ya electrolytic oxidation imapereka yankho lodalirika pochiza sodium cyanide madzi oipa. Pomvetsetsa kusintha kwamankhwala komwe kumachitika pa anode ndi cathode, kusankha mosamala zinthu za electrode, kuwongolera kutentha, ndikuwonjezera ma ion a kloridi oyenerera, njirayi imatha kuchotsa bwino kuipitsidwa kwa cyanide m'madzi onyansa. Pamene mafakitale akupitiriza kufunafuna njira zokhazikika komanso zogwira mtima zoyendetsera zinyalala, njira ya electrolytic oxidation ingakhale yofala kwambiri pochiza cyanide - yomwe ili ndi madzi oipa. Komabe, kufufuza kwina ndi chitukuko kumafunikabe kuti ntchitoyi ipite patsogolo, kuchepetsa ndalama, komanso kupititsa patsogolo luso lake lonse komanso kuyanjana ndi chilengedwe.