Kodi njira zothandizira poyizoni wa cyanide ndi ziti?

Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe amaika pachiwopsezo chachikulu pa thanzi akapezeka. Amatha kulowa m'thupi kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kupuma, kukhudza khungu, kapena kumeza. Kumvetsetsa mtundu wa poizoni wa cyanide ndi chithandizo choyenera ndikofunikira kuti munthu azitha kuchira bwino. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kupereka chithunzithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha poizoni wa Sodium cyanide , zizindikiro zake, ndi njira zochiritsira zomwe amalimbikitsa.

Kodi Sodium Cyanide?

Sodium cyanide ndi mchere woyera, wosungunuka m'madzi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mafakitale monga migodi ya golide ndi electroplating. Umagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'njira zina zopangira mankhwala. Chifukwa cha poizoni wake, sodium cyanide imayikidwa m'gulu la zinthu zoopsa ndipo kukhudzana ndi zinthuzi kungayambitse zotsatirapo zoopsa pa thanzi, kuphatikizapo imfa.

Toxicity Mechanism

Cyanide imagwira ntchito mwa kulepheretsa mphamvu ya thupi kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya. Imamangiriza ku cytochrome c oxidase, puloteni yofunikira mu unyolo wonyamula ma elekitironi wa mitochondrial, kulepheretsa maselo kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya bwino. Izi zimayambitsa hypoxia ya ma cell, yomwe, ikapanda kuthandizidwa mwachangu, imatha kupangitsa kuti chiwalo chisawonongeke komanso kufa.

Zizindikiro za Sodium cyanide poizoni

Zizindikiro za poyizoni wa sodium cyanide zitha kuwoneka mwachangu ndikuphatikiza:

• Kupuma movutikira: kupuma movutikira, kupuma pang'ono, kapena kusiya kupuma.

• Zizindikiro za mitsempha: Mutu, chizungulire, chisokonezo, kukomoka, kapena kutaya chidziwitso.

• Zotsatira za mtima: Kugunda kwa mtima mwachangu, kuthamanga kwa magazi pang'ono, kapena kuima kwa mtima.

• Zizindikiro za m'mimba: nseru, kusanza, kapena kupweteka m'mimba.

• KUKWIYA KWA KHUMBA NDI MASO: Kufiira, kumva kutentha kapena kutentha kwa mankhwala pakakhudzana ndi khungu.

Kuyankha Mwamsanga ku Poizoni ya Cyanide

Ngati akukayikira kuti pali poyizoni wa sodium cyanide, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuyenera kuchitika. Nazi njira zomwe mungatsatire:

1. Chotsani odwala pamalo omwe ali pachiwopsezo: Tulutsani odwala mwachangu pamalo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kuti mupewe kuwonekeranso.

2. KUCHEPETSA: Ngati wodwalayo wakhudzana ndi sodium cyanide kudzera pakhungu kapena m'maso, vulani zovala zonse zoipitsidwa ndi kutsuka malo okhudzidwawo ndi madzi ambiri kapena saline kwa mphindi zosachepera 5. Onetsetsani kuti mwateteza maso anu panthawiyi.

3. Kusamba m'mimba: Ngati munthu wameza sodium cyanide, ayenera kusamba m'mimba ndi yankho la oxidant (monga 5% sodium thiosulfate kapena 0.02% potassium permanganate). Kusamba m'mimba kuyenera kuchitika mwachangu momwe zingathere kuti achepetse kuyamwa kwa madzi.

4. Chisamaliro Chothandizira: Ngati wodwalayo akusonyeza kupuma pang'ono kapena kusiya kupuma, perekani mankhwala opumira kapena kupuma kochita kupanga nthawi yomweyo.

Mankhwala mankhwala a cyanide poizoni

Wodwalayo akakhazikika, mankhwala enieni angagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi zotsatira za cyanide:

1. Amyl nitrite: Shwanyani kapisozi ya amyl nitrite mu nsalu yopukutira nsalu ndipo wodwalayo apume mpweyawo mwachangu. Iyi ndi mankhwala ofulumira omwe amasintha hemoglobin kukhala methemoglobin, yomwe imalumikizana ndi cyanide ndikuchepetsa poizoni wake.

2. Sodium nitrite: Sodium nitrite imasungunuka mu yankho la shuga, mlingo wake ndi 6-12 mg/kg, jakisoni wa m'mitsempha. Jakisoniyo iyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono, osachepera mphindi 10. Yang'anirani bwino kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa wodwalayo, chifukwa sodium nitrite ingayambitse hypotension. Ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kwatsika kwambiri, mankhwalawo ayenera kuyimitsidwa.

3. Sodium Thiosulfate: Pambuyo pobayidwa ndi Sodium nitrite , 50% ya sodium thiosulfate imabayidwa pamlingo womwewo. Chomerachi chimagwira ntchito ngati chopereka sulfure, zomwe zimathandiza kusintha kwa cyanide kukhala thiocyanate, yomwe ndi yopanda poizoni ndipo imatha kutuluka kudzera mu impso. Ngati kuli kofunikira, theka kapena mlingo wonse ukhoza kubwerezedwa ola limodzi pambuyo pake.

4. Kuyang'anira: Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi poizoni pang'ono, sodium thiosulfate yokha ikhoza kukhala yokwanira. Pambuyo pa chithandizo choyamba, wodwalayo ayenera kuyang'aniridwa kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu kuti atsimikizire kuti zizindikiro sizikubwereranso.

Mfundo Zofunika

• Kuopsa kwa Kuchuluka kwa Mankhwala Opitirira Muyeso: Sodium nitrite ndi sodium thiosulfate zonse zingayambitse poizoni ngati zitamwedwa mopitirira muyeso. Kusamala ndi kuyang'anira ndikofunikira kuti tipewe zotsatirapo zoyipa.

• Kuyang'aniridwa kwa nthawi yayitali: Pambuyo poti nthawi yayitali ya poizoni yatha, wodwalayo ayenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti aone ngati pali zizindikiro kapena zovuta zilizonse zomwe zachedwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuyang'aniridwa ngati pali vuto la mitsempha kapena kupuma.

• Kukonzekera Zadzidzidzi: Zipatala ziyenera kukhala ndi njira zothanirana ndi poizoni wa cyanide, kuphatikizapo kupezeka kwa mankhwala oletsa kutupa ndi anthu ophunzitsidwa bwino kuti athetse mavuto otere.

Pomaliza

Poizoni wa sodium cyanide ndi vuto lachipatala lomwe limafuna kuzindikiridwa ndi chithandizo mwachangu. Kudziwa zizindikiro ndi mayankho oyenera kungathandize kwambiri zotsatira za chithandizo kwa omwe akukhudzidwa. Potsatira njira zochiritsira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zisawonongeke, opereka chithandizo chamankhwala amatha kuthana ndi poizoni wa cyanide ndikuchepetsa zotsatira zake zomwe zingaphe. Nthawi zonse kumbukirani kuti pakaganiziridwa kuti mwapha poizoni, chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu ndichofunikira.