Kumvetsetsa Gold Ore Processing CIL, CIP: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide

Kunena zoona, njira yopangira mchere siili m'gulu la kukonza mchere koma iyenera kugawidwa ngati hydrometallurgy. Kugwiritsa ntchito cyanidation pochotsa golide ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mfundo yake ya CIP imadalira kupangika kwa ma ayoni a cyanide ndi golide waulere kuti apange cyanide ya golide, motero zimapangitsa kuti golide asungunuke. Tikudziwa kuti golide m'chilengedwe amakhalapo mu mkhalidwe waulere; ngakhale atakulungidwa mkati mwa mchere wina, amakhalabe golide woyambira akawonekera. Chifukwa chake, tinganene kuti kugwira ntchito bwino (kubwezeretsa) kwa njira yopangira mchere pochotsa golide, mpaka pamlingo wina, kumadalira kuthekera komasula golide wokulungidwa.

CIL (Carbon In Leach) leaching process, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti carbon leaching pochotsa golide, ndi njira yomwe imaphatikizapo kuwonjezera mpweya wokhazikika pazamkati ndikupangitsanso kutulutsa ndi golide. Izi zimathandizira masitepe awiri a cyanide leaching of the pulp ndi activated carbon adsorption yomwe imapezeka munjira ya CIP (Carbon In Pulp) kukhala sitepe imodzi, kuchepetsa kutayika kwinaku kutsitsa ndalama zowongolera. Poyerekeza ndi ndondomeko chikhalidwe CCD, izo amapulumutsa 66% ya ndalama ndalama, kupanga izo njira yokondeka kwa masiku golide ore processing.In mpweya zamkati ndondomeko, "mpweya" ndi "zamkati" amanena adamulowetsa mpweya ndi mchere zamkati, motero, osati kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya monga ife tingathe kuganiza. Kutengera ndi nthawi yoyambira kaboni, timatchula njira ya leaching yotsatiridwa ndi adsorption ngati njira ya carbon pulp (CIP), pomwe leaching ndi ma adsorption munthawi yomweyo zimatchedwa njira ya carbon leaching (CIL). Chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida zopangira, kuchuluka kwa zomera za cyanide zikugwiritsa ntchito njirayi. Ubwino wake waukulu ndikuchotsa kufunikira kwa kutsuka zamkati ndi kulekanitsa kwamadzi olimba, chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji kaboni wa granular activated carbon kuti adsorbe golide kuchokera pazamkati, m'malo mwa kutsuka, kupatukana kwamadzi olimba, ndi kumveketsa bwino, kupukuta, ndi zinki m'malo mwa leachate. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri ntchito yopangira mafakitale, kumapangitsa kuti ntchito zitheke, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri zida ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

The ndondomeko cyanidation amafuna okhwima akupera fineness.

Kwa miyala yamtengo wapatali ya quartz vein oxidized ores, chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwa mchere wokhala ndi golidi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kupeza zizindikiro zabwino zopangira mchere pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyandama. Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya carbon zamkati, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa chiwopsezo chathunthu chopitilira 93% mukakhala ndi zonyansa zochepa.

Monga tanenera kale, mphamvu ya cyanidation ndondomeko zimadalira luso kumasula golide atakulungidwa, kupanga akupera kofunika kwambiri ntchito yokonzekera zomera carbon zamkati. Pazomera zodziwika bwino za carbon zamkati, kupukuta koyenera kwa cyanidation nthawi zambiri kumafunikira 80-95% yazinthuzo kukhala zabwino kuposa -0.074 mm. M'migodi ina yomwe ili ndi kagawidwe ka mchere wofalitsidwa, kufunikira kungakhale kopitilira 95% kukhala yabwino kuposa -0.037 mm. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kukwaniritsa fineness chofunika mu gawo limodzi la akupera mu carbon zamkati zomera ndi zovuta ndithu, nthawi zambiri zimafunika magawo awiri kapena atatu akupera.

Ulamuliro wa ndende akupera makamaka zimatheka ndi kusintha chakudya madzi voliyumu, ore chakudya kuchuluka, ndi kubwerera mchenga chiŵerengero. Ngati ndende yogaya ndiyokwera kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa madzi a chakudya kuyenera kuonjezedwa, kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha ore mu magawo awiri otsekedwa ozungulira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, ndipo chiŵerengero cha mchenga wobwerera chiyenera kuwonjezeka, ndipo mosiyana. Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kusefukira kumatha kuwongoleredwa posintha kuchuluka kwa madzi akusefukira, kutalika kwa weir osefukira, makulidwe olowera ndi kutulutsa, komanso kukula kwa kutulutsa. Kuwongolera kwa fineness kusefukira kumafuna kusintha kwa kutalika kwa weir kusefukira, kukula kwa kutulutsa kusefukira, kuchuluka ndi chiŵerengero cha mipira yachitsulo, kugaya ndende, ndi kusefukira.

Mwachidule, magawo onse aumisiri pantchito yogaya amalumikizana, ogwirizana, komanso amaletsa. Choncho, njira yokwanira komanso yogwirizana iyenera kuchitidwa panthawi yokonza ndi kuwongolera.

Kuteteza hydrolysis wa cyanides ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Ma Cyanide omwe timagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri (potassium cyanide, Sodium cyanide , calcium cyanide) ndi maziko olimba komanso mchere wofooka wa asidi, womwe umakonda kusungunuka m'madzi, ndikupanga hydrogen cyanide yomwe ingakhudze kuchuluka kwa ma cyanide ions mu zamkati. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupewa hydrolysis ya ma cyanide panthawi yochotsa ma cyanide. Njira yothandiza kwambiri ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma hydroxide ions, zomwe nthawi zambiri timazitcha kuti zimawonjezera pH. Chosintha pH chotsika mtengo kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi laimu, koma laimu imatha kuyambitsa flocculation mosavuta posintha pH. Chifukwa chake, timaiwonjezera panthawi yopukutira kuti tiwonetsetse kuti yafalikira bwino. Pakuchotsa cyanide, yankho liyenera kukhala ndi alkalinity inayake kuti lipewe kuwonongeka kwa ma cyanide, koma alkalinity ya yankho la cyanide siyenera kukhala yokwera kwambiri, chifukwa izi zitha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa golide.

Pamene nthawi ya leaching ikuchulukirachulukira, chiwongola dzanja cha golide chimayenda bwino, koma pakapita nthawi inayake, kukulitsa nthawi yotsitsa sikumawonjezera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa golide. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti pamakhala nthawi yothira cyanide kuti mutsimikizire kuti golide woyengedwa bwino. Nthawi zambiri, mtengo wa pH pakugwira ntchito kwa carbon pulp umakhala wothandiza kwambiri ukakhala pakati pa 10 ndi 11.

Kuwongolera ndende ya zamkati ndi gawo lofunikira la njira ya cyanidation.

Kaya ndi golidi ndi cyanide kapena golide wa cyanide ndi kaboni woyendetsedwa, kukhudzana kokwanira ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse zowonetsa bwino zama mineral processing, zomwe zimayika zofunikira kwambiri pazamkati. Ngati ndende ndi okwera kwambiri, mosavuta precipitate padziko adamulowetsa mpweya; ngati ili yotsika kwambiri, imatha kukhazikika mosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti mukhale ndi pH yoyenera komanso kuchuluka kwa cyanide, ma reagents ambiri ayenera kuwonjezeredwa. Posankha ma cyanides, zinthu monga kuthekera kwawo kusungunula golidi, kukhazikika, ndi zotsatira za zonyansa pakusungunuka kwa golide ziyenera kuganiziridwa.

Pambuyo pazaka zambiri zopanga, akukhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa 40-45% kwa carbon zamkati m'zigawo golide ndi cyanide ndende ya 300-500 ppm ndi abwino kwambiri. Komabe, monga tanena kale, kugaya nthawi zambiri kumafuna magawo awiri kapena atatu, ndipo chigawo chomaliza chimakhala chochepera 20%. Choncho, asanalowe ntchito leaching, zamkati ayenera kukumana thickening ndondomeko.

Kulamulira kuchuluka kwa Sodium Cyanide panthawi yochotsa golide kuyenera kutsatira mfundo izi: pamene mukuonetsetsa kuti golide wasungunuka bwino, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide kuti kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide kukhale kofanana m'matanki onse ochotsera golide, kapena kuonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide m'matanki oyambirira ochotsera golide kuli kokwera kuposa m'matanki otsiriza. Kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide komwe kumayendetsedwa mu thanki iliyonse yochotsera golide kumakhala kocheperako. Ndikwabwino kuti chiŵerengero cha matanki ochotsera golide omwe amawonjezera sodium cyanide ku chiwerengero chonse cha matanki ochotsera golide chikhale chokwera. Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa sodium hydroxide mobwerezabwereza ndikothandiza powongolera mikhalidwe yaukadaulo yogwirira ntchito. Sodium cyanide nthawi zambiri imawonjezeredwa ku thanki iliyonse pamlingo wa pafupifupi 10%.

Njira Yoyambira ya Cyanide Leaching process

Kuchokera pa ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti ndondomeko ya cyanidation ndi njira yomwe imafunikira mpweya, monga kuyambitsa kwa okosijeni panthawi yopanga kungathe kufulumizitsa kuchuluka kwa leaching. Zachidziwikire, titha kuwonjezeranso moyenera ma oxidizing agents, monga hydrogen peroxide; Komabe, ma okosijeni ochulukirapo angayambitse kupanga ayoni a cyanide kuchokera ku cyanide, zomwe sizopindulitsa pakupanga leaching.

Kuchokera pamndandandawu, titha kuwonanso kuti 1 mol ya golide imafuna 2 mol ya cyanide kuti ikhale yovuta. Pankhani ya kulemera, pafupifupi 1 g ya golide imafuna 0.5 g ya cyanide ngati wothandizira. Komabe, kupanga kwenikweni, chifukwa cha chikoka cha mchere wina, monga siliva, mkuwa, lead, ndi nthaka, amene angathenso kukumana zovuta zimachitikira ndi cyanide, mlingo wa reagents sayenera kuwerengera okha. Iyenera kusinthidwa potengera kuchuluka kwa leaching komaliza, ndipo zosintha ziyenera kutsatiridwa pamene zida zachitsulo zikusintha. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa 200 mpaka 500 nthawi zambiri kuposa mtengo wowerengeka kumaonedwa kuti n'koyenera. Mwachidule, kuonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa ayoni a cyanide mu zamkati ndizofunikira kuti mukwaniritse zizindikiro zabwino.

Pamene golide woyengedwa pa kaboni wodzaza afika pa 3000 g/t, timaona kuti njira yonse yotsatsira mpweya wa carbon zatha. Komabe, ores okhala ndi zonyansa zambiri zamkuwa ndi siliva amathanso kukhudza mphamvu ya ma adsorption a activated carbon, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti carbon yodzaza golide isakwaniritse zomwe timayembekezera. Pamene mpweya woyendetsedwa ulibenso mphamvu ya adsorption, timawona kuti ndi yodzaza. Pa saturated activated carbon, tiyenera kusungunula ndi electrolyze kuti tipeze golide. Komabe, ntchito zotsatila zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo zimafuna ndalama zambiri. M'madera omwe ali ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka golide, tikhoza kugulitsa carbon yodzaza golide kuti tipeze phindu, kapena njira yosavuta ndiyo kupeza golide powotcha.

Shaanxi United Chemical ndi katswiri wopanga komanso wogulitsa sodium cyanide, mankhwala ofunikira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga migodi ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala. Gulu la akatswiri pa United Chemical sikuti amangopereka zinthu koma amadziperekanso popereka chithandizo chokwanira chaukadaulo. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chambiri chamakampani, akatswiri athu amatha kuthana ndi mafunso kapena zovuta zilizonse zomwe mungakumane nazo. Posankha Shaanxi United Chemical monga othandizira anu a sodium cyanide, mupeza chidziwitso ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zitha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zanu ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito. Gwirizanani nafe tsopano kuti mupeze chithandizo chaukadaulo komanso zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri.