Thiourea Gold M'zigawo Njira: Mfundo, Ntchito, ndi kuganizira

Introduction

Kuchotsa golide ndi njira yofunika kwambiri mu migodi ndi mafakitale a zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Pakati pa njira zosiyanasiyana zochotsera, njira ya Thiourea Gold Extraction yatchuka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Thiourea, yokhala ndi njira ya mankhwala \(SCN_2H_4\), ndi mankhwala achilengedwe omwe amachita gawo lofunikira kwambiri panjirayi. Nkhaniyi ya blog idzafufuza mokwanira njira yochotsera golide wa thiourea, kufotokoza mfundo zake, njira zogwirira ntchito, zinthu zomwe zimakhudza, ndi zabwino zake poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe.

Mfundo za Thiourea Gold Extraction

Mfundo yofunikira pakuchotsa golide wa thiourea yagona pakutha kwake kupanga malo okhazikika okhala ndi ayoni agolide mu sing'anga ya acidic. Pamaso pa oxidizing agent, golide mu ore amathiridwa ndi okosijeni kenako amakumana ndi thiourea kupanga sungunuka golide-thiourea complexes. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi okosijeni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita izi ndi ayoni ya iron(III) ndi mpweya wosungunuka.

Thiourea ndi yokhazikika bwino mu njira zotulutsira asidi, zomwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimapangitsa kuti njira yotulutsirayi ichitike. Mu malo okhala ndi asidi, thiourea imatha kupanga ma ayoni ovuta okhala ndi ma cations achitsulo. Komabe, kupatula MERCURY , kukhazikika kwa ma ayoni ovuta a thiourea ndi zitsulo zina ndi kochepa. Khalidweli limapangitsa kuti kuchotsa golide pogwiritsa ntchito thiourea kukhale ndi kusankha kwakukulu kwa golide.

Njira Zogwirira Ntchito mu Njira Yotulutsa Golide ya Thiourea

Kukonzekera Ore

Gawo loyamba pakuchotsa golide wa thiourea ndikukonza miyalayi. Mwala umayenera kuphwanyidwa ndi kugwa mpaka kukula koyenera kuti awonjezere malo kuti agwirizane bwino ndi njira ya thiourea. Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono kumakwera kwambiri pakati pa ore ndi njira yomwe ili ndi thiourea. Komabe, kugaya bwino kwambiri kumatha kubweretsanso zovuta zina, monga kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi komanso zovuta pakupatukana kwamadzimadzi.

Thiourea Leaching

Pambuyo pokonza miyala, miyala ya pansi imasakanizidwa ndi yankho lokhala ndi thiourea. Popeza thiourea siikhazikika mu mayankho a alkaline ndipo imawola mosavuta kukhala sulfides ndi amino cyanides , yankho lochotsa madzi nthawi zambiri limakhala yankho la sulfuric acid lochepetsedwa la thiourea. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera asidi kaye kenako thiourea kuti mupewe kutentha kwambiri kwa zamkati, zomwe zingayambitse hydrolysis ya thiourea ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake.

Panthawi ya Kuchotsa Madzi , zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa thiourea, mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa okosijeni, pH ya yankho, kutentha kwa zamkati, ndi nthawi yochotsa madzi zonse zimakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa golide wochotsa madzi. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa golide wochotsa madzi nthawi zambiri kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa thiourea, koma thiourea yochulukirapo ingayambitse kuchuluka kwa ndalama komanso mavuto azachilengedwe. pH ya chinthucho imagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa thiourea. Pansi pa kutentha kwabwinobwino ndi mlingo wa thiourea, pH ya chinthucho imakonda kukhala yochepera 1.5. Komabe, acidity siyenera kukhala yokwera kwambiri, apo ayi, idzawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zonyansa zomwe zimasungunuka mu asidi mu miyala.

Zolimba - Kupatukana kwamadzi

Pambuyo pa leaching, olimba - kulekanitsa kwamadzimadzi kumachitika kuti alekanitse njira yapakati yomwe ili ndi golide-thiourea complexes ndi zotsalira zolimba. Njira zokhazikika zolimba - zolekanitsa zamadzimadzi zimaphatikizapo kusefedwa ndi kusefa. Kusankha njira yolekanitsa kumadalira zinthu monga momwe miyala inapangidwira, kukula kwa tinthu kolimba, ndi kukula kwa ntchitoyo. Kukhazikika kolimba - kulekanitsa kwamadzi ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire mtundu wa yankho lapakati ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito obwezeretsa golide.

Gold Recovery from Pregnant Solution

Pali njira zingapo zopezera golidi kuchokera ku njira yapakati yomwe imapezeka pambuyo pokhazikika - kulekanitsa kwamadzimadzi. Njira ziwiri zodziwika bwino ndizosintha zitsulo ndi electrowinning.

Kubwezeretsa Zitsulo : Zitsulo monga chitsulo ndi aluminiyamu zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zochepetsera kuti zilowe m'malo mwa golide kuchokera ku golide-thiourea complex mu yankho. Golide wosinthidwayo amapanga precipitate yolimba, yomwe imatha kukonzedwanso kuti ipeze golide weniweni.

Kupambana ndi Magetsi : Mu njira yopambana ndi Magetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa mu yankho la pregnant. Ma ayoni agolide mu yankho amachepetsedwa pa cathode ndikuyikidwa pamwamba pa cathode, pomwe thiourea ndi zinthu zina zimasungunuka pa anode. Njirayi imatha kubweretsa golide woyeretsedwa kwambiri koma imafuna zida zamagetsi zinazake komanso mikhalidwe yoyenera yogwirira ntchito.

Kusintha kwamitengo ya golide

Golide wopezeka atachira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zonyansa zina ndipo amafunikira kuyengedwa kuti apeze zinthu zagolide zoyera kwambiri. Njira yoyenga ndi yofanana ndi ya golidi yomwe imapezeka ndi njira zina zochotsera, monga cyanidation. Njira zoyeretsera zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo kuyenga kwamankhwala ndi kuyenga kwamagetsi, komwe kumatha kuchotsa zonyansa ndikuwongolera chiyero cha golide kuti akwaniritse zomwe msika ukufunikira.

Zomwe Zimakhudza Njira Yochotsera Golide ya Thiourea

Mapangidwe a Mineral a Ore

Kapangidwe ka mchere wa mkuwa kamakhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pa njira yotulutsira golide wa thiourea. Ma oxide a mkuwa, bismuth mu zinthu zopangira adzasungunuka mu asidi ndi zovuta ndi thiourea, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya thiourea leaching ya golide ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito kwa thiourea. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati zinthu zopangira zili ndi zinthu zambiri zosungunuka ndi asidi (monga divalent iron, Carbon ates, non-ferrous metal oxides, ndi zina zotero) ndi kuchepetsa zigawo, zidzawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito kwa ma oxidants ndi sulfuric acid ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa leaching ya golide. Komabe, mchere wa sulfide monga mkuwa, arsenic, antimony, ndi lead uli ndi zotsatirapo zochepa zovulaza pa leaching ya golide wa thiourea, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutulutsira golide kochokera ku thiourea kukhale kotheka kuchotsa golide ndi siliva kuchokera ku zinthu zopangira za golide zovuta zotsutsana.

Tinthu Kukula Kwa Golide mu Ore

Kukula kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono kwa golide mu ore ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa golide. Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono kwa golidi, kukulirapo kwa malo enieni, komanso kumakhala kosavuta kukhudzana ndi njira ya thiourea, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa leaching. Choncho, pokonzekera zitsulo, ntchito yopera yoyenera imafunika kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta golide tiwoneke bwino ndikuthandizira kutulutsa.

kutentha

Kutentha kumakhala ndi ziwiri - zotsatira pa njira yochotsa golide wa thiourea. Kumbali imodzi, kuwonjezera kutentha kumatha kufulumizitsa kufalikira kwa ma reactants komanso momwe golide ndi thiourea amachitira, potero kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa golide. Kumbali ina, thiourea ili ndi kusakhazikika kwamafuta. Kutentha kukakhala kokwera kwambiri, thiourea imakonda hydrolysis ndi kuwola, kuchepetsa mphamvu yake pakuchotsa. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwa njira ya thiourea leaching imakonda kuyendetsedwa pansi pa 55 ° C, ndipo nthawi zambiri, imachitika kutentha.

pH Mtengo wa Solution

Monga tanena kale, mtengo wa pH wa yankho umagwirizana kwambiri ndi kukhazikika kwa thiourea komanso kutulutsa kwagolide. Thiourea ndi yokhazikika pakatikati pa acidic, ndipo malo oyenera acidic amathandizira kupanga mapangidwe a golide-thiourea. Komabe, ngati mtengo wa pH uli wochepa kwambiri, sizimangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa zonyansa zosungunuka ndi asidi komanso zingayambitsenso zina zomwe sizingagwirizane ndi ndondomeko yochotsa. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera bwino kwa pH ya yankho ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti mulingo woyenera kwambiri wachotsa.

Kukhazikika kwa Thiourea ndi Oxidizing Agent

Kuchuluka kwa thiourea kumakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa golide-thiourea ma complex opangidwa. Nthawi zambiri, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa thiourea kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa golide. Komabe, poganizira zamitengo komanso zachilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa thiourea kuyenera kukulitsidwa. Mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa okosijeni wothandizira kumathandizanso kwambiri. Wokwanira wothira okosijeni amafunikira kuti awonetsetse kuti golide wopitilira muyeso amalowa, koma oxidizing oxidizing amathanso kubweretsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi kuwonongeka kwa thiourea, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa thiourea.

Ubwino wa Thiourea Gold Extraction Process

1. Kuthamanga Kwambiri Kochotsa golide : Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zachikhalidwe zochotsera golide monga cyanidation, njira yochotsera golide ya thiourea imakhala ndi liwiro lochotsa golide mwachangu. Kupangidwa kwa golide-thiourea complexes mu acidity medium kumatha kusungunula golide mwachangu, zomwe zingafupikitse kwambiri nthawi yochotsera.

2. Kuchepa kwa Poizoni : Thiourea ndi poizoni wochepa poyerekeza ndi cyanide yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zachikhalidwe zochotsera poizoni. Cyanide ndi poizoni woopsa kwambiri ndipo imawopseza kwambiri chilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu. Kugwiritsa ntchito thiourea pochotsa golide kumachepetsa zoopsa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha zinthu zoopsa komanso zachilengedwe.

3. Kusankha Bwino : Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kochepa kwa ma ayoni a thiourea complex omwe ali ndi zitsulo zambiri kupatula mercury, njira yochotsera golide yochokera ku thiourea imakhala ndi kusankha kwakukulu kwa golide. Imatha kutulutsa golide bwino kuchokera ku miyala yovuta yomwe ili ndi zonyansa zosiyanasiyana zachitsulo, kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa zonyansa pakuchotsa.

4. Posachedwa - kuchiza yankho : Pambuyo pochotsa golide, yankho lomwe lili ndi thiourea limakhala losavuta kuchiza. Mwachitsanzo, panthawi yobwezeretsa golide, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthira chitsulo kapena zopezera magetsi kumatha kulekanitsa golide ndi yankho mosavuta, ndipo yankho lotsalalo likhoza kuchiritsidwanso kuti lichepetse kuipitsa chilengedwe.

Kutsiliza

Njira yochotsera golide wa thiourea ndi njira yodalirika pantchito yochotsa golide. Pomvetsetsa mfundo zake, masitepe ogwirira ntchito, zinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsa, ndi ubwino wake, makampani amigodi ndi ofufuza angathe kuwongolera bwino ndondomekoyi kuti apititse patsogolo kutulutsa golide, kuchepetsa ndalama, ndi kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Ngakhale pali zovuta zina zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa, monga kukhathamiritsa kumwa kwa thiourea ndikuwongolera kukhazikika kwa njirayo pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyana ya ore, kufufuza kosalekeza ndi zatsopano m'derali kudzalimbikitsa kupititsa patsogolo ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yochotsa golide wa thiourea.