Udindo wa Sodium Cyanide mu Kusindikiza Zovala ndi Kudaya

Introduction

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), mankhwala omwe ali ndi kulemera kwa mamolekyulu a 49.007 g/mol, ndi crystalline yoyera yolimba. Ndi poizoni kwambiri ndipo imafuna kusamalidwa mosamala kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti ndi poizoni, sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika kwambiri mumakampani osindikiza ndi kupaka utoto nsalu . Nkhaniyi ifufuza mwatsatanetsatane ntchito izi, pamodzi ndi mfundo zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake.

Ntchito mu Kusindikiza Zovala ndi Kudaya

1. Mordant mu Njira Zopaka utoto

Pa utoto wa nsalu, mordant ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza utoto kumamatira ku nsalu. Sodium cyanide imatha kugwira ntchito ngati mordant munjira zina zopaka utoto. Imapanga ma complexes okhala ndi ma ayoni achitsulo omwe amapezeka mu utoto wina ndi ulusi wa nsalu. Mwachitsanzo, pankhani ya utoto wachilengedwe womwe uli ndi ma chromophores achitsulo (gawo la molekyulu lomwe limayang'anira utoto), Sodium Cyanide imatha kuwonjezera kulumikizana pakati pa utoto ndi ulusi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa cyanide ion (CN⁻) ili ndi mphamvu yayikulu pa ma ayoni achitsulo. Imatha kupanga ma coordination complexes, omwe amalumikiza kusiyana pakati pa utoto ndi nsalu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utotowo ukhale wolimba komanso wolimba.

2. Kaphatikizidwe wa Nsalu Zovala

Pafupifupi ulusi wonse wopangidwa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga nsalu umadalira Sodium cyanide panthawi yopanga. Mwachitsanzo, popanga nayiloni, imodzi mwa ulusi wopangidwa kwambiri, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga adiponitrile, yomwe ndi njira yofunika kwambiri. Njira yochitira izi imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kuyambitsa magulu a nitrile. Pankhani ya ulusi wa polyester, ngakhale kuti njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana a mankhwala poyerekeza ndi nayiloni, sodium cyanide ikhoza kukhalabe yogwira ntchito popanga zinthu zina zoyambira kapena munjira zina zoyambitsa. Ulusi wopangidwawu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga nsalu chifukwa cha zinthu zake zofunika monga mphamvu, kulimba, komanso kukana makwinya, ndipo sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga.

3. Kupanga Utoto

Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto wosiyanasiyana womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza nsalu ndi utoto. Zimagwira ntchito ngati zopangira popanga mitundu ina ya utoto, makamaka omwe ali ndi zida zovuta zamankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, popanga utoto wonyezimira, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podaya ulusi wa cellulosic ngati thonje, sodium cyanide imatha kuphatikizidwa munjira yophatikizira masitepe ambiri. Utoto wosunthika umapanga mgwirizano wolumikizana ndi mamolekyu a ulusi panthawi yopaka utoto, zomwe zimapereka utoto wabwino kwambiri. Ma cyanide omwe ali ndi mankhwala atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga magulu omwe akugwira ntchito mkati mwa molekyulu ya utoto omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano wogwirizana.

Kuganizira za Chitetezo ndi Zachilengedwe

Popeza kuti ndi poizoni kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide m'makampani opanga nsalu kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa. Kukoka mpweya, kukhudza khungu, kapena kumwa ngakhale pang'ono sodium cyanide kumatha kupha anthu. Zingayambitse maselo kuti asagwiritse ntchito mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo afe mofulumira ndipo pamapeto pake, ngati mlingo wokwanira utengeka, imfa ya munthuyo.

Malinga ndi chilengedwe, kutaya zinyalala zilizonse zomwe zili ndi sodium cyanide ndikofunikira. Ikatulutsidwa m'madzi, sodium cyanide imatha kupanga hydrolyze kupanga mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide, womwenso ndi wapoizoni kwambiri ndipo ukhoza kuwononga zamoyo zam'madzi ndi chilengedwe chozungulira. M’mayiko ambiri, muli malamulo okhwima okhudza kasungidwe, kasamalidwe, ndi katayidwe ka sodium cyanide m’mafakitale, kuphatikizapo malo osindikizira nsalu ndi opaka utoto. Malamulowa amafuna kuchepetsa ngozi za ngozi komanso kuonongeka kwa chilengedwe.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide, ngakhale imadziwika kuti ndi poizoni, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusindikiza nsalu ndi utoto, kuyambira pakuwongolera utoto - kumanga nsalu ngati mordant kukhala gawo lofunikira pakuphatikizika kwa ulusi wansalu ndi utoto. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuopsa kwake komanso kuopsa kwa chilengedwe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Pamene makampani opanga nsalu akupitilirabe kusintha, kuyesayesa kukuchitikanso kuti pakhale njira zina ndi mankhwala omwe atha kupeza zotsatira zomwezo popanda kuopsa kogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide.