Minda yogwiritsira ntchito komanso kufunikira kwa sodium cyanide

Introduction

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), ufa woyera wa kristalo, ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri koma ofunikira kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti ndi woopsa, umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mankhwala ake apadera. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza m'magawo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito sodium cyanide ndikuwonetsa kufunika kwake.

Mgodi wa Cyanide: Kutulutsa Zitsulo Zamtengo Wapatali

Njira ya Gold Cyanidation

Kuchotsa golide m'matanthwe, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti njira ya cyanide, ndiyo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa golide kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali. 70% ya kuchuluka kwa cyanide padziko lonse lapansi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Munjira iyi, Sodium Cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula chitsulo chagolide. Chifukwa cha mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa golide ndi cyanide, golide yemwe ali mu miyalayo amasungunuka ndikusungunuka akamakumana ndi mpweya, mpweya, ndi madzi. Njira iyi imalola kuti golide atulutsidwe bwino kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali yomwe ikanakhala yosafunikira kukonzedwa, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kuti golide apezeke padziko lonse lapansi.

Siliva ndi Zitsulo Zina Zamtengo Wapatali

Sodium cyanide sikuti amangotulutsa golide. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochotsa siliva ndi zitsulo zina zamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku miyala yawo. Popanga zitsulo zokhazikika - cyanide complexes, zimathandiza kulekanitsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatalizi kuchokera ku thanthwe lokhalamo. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pantchito yamigodi chifukwa zimathandizira kukulitsa kubweza kwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali komanso kupititsa patsogolo chuma cha migodi.

Chemical Feedstock: Zomangamanga za Chemical Compounds

Kaphatikizidwe ka Inorganic Cyanides

Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga ma cyanide osiyanasiyana osapangidwa . Zinthu monga cyanuric chloride, cyanogen chloride, ndi ma nitriles ambiri zimachokera ku iyo. Mwachitsanzo, cyanuric chloride ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala ophera udzu, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma polima. Kuthekera kopanga ma Cyanide osapangidwa kuchokera ku Sodium cyanide kumapanga maziko a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala.

Organic Synthesis

Mu organic synthesis, cyanide, monga nucleophile yamphamvu, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera nitriles. Nitriles ndi ofala mu mankhwala ambiri, kuphatikizapo mankhwala. Chitsanzo chofotokozera ndi kaphatikizidwe ka benzyl cyanide ndi zomwe benzyl chloride ndi sodium cyanide zimachita. Izi ndi gawo lofunikira pakuphatikizika kwazinthu zambiri zama organic, kuwonetsa kufunikira kwa sodium cyanide m'munda wa organic chemistry. Kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala ambiri, zokometsera, ndi zonunkhira nthawi zambiri zimadalira kugwiritsa ntchito nitriles okonzedwa kuchokera ku sodium cyanide.

Electroplating: Kukweza Pamwamba pa Zitsulo

M'makampani opanga ma electroplating, sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma electroplating azitsulo monga mkuwa, siliva, cadmium, ndi zinki, imagwira ntchito zingapo. Choyamba, amachepetsa anodic polarization, kuonetsetsa kusungunuka kosalala ndi kosalekeza kwa anode. Izi zimathandizira kuti ma ion azitsulo azikhala okhazikika muzitsulo zomangira. Kachiwiri, kumawonjezera cathodic polarization, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti mupeze yunifolomu komanso zitsulo zokutira pa cathode. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa sodium cyanide mu electroplating kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zowonongeka, maonekedwe, komanso kulimba. Izi ndizofunikira pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana, kuyambira kukongoletsa zokongoletsera muzodzikongoletsera ndi zinthu zogulira mpaka kumagwirira ntchito m'mafakitale amagalimoto ndi ndege.

Ntchito Zina za Niche

Kuuma kwa Zitsulo

Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani olimbitsa zitsulo. Mu njira zina zochizira kutentha, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyika Carbon ndi nayitrogeni pamwamba pa zigawo zachitsulo. Njira imeneyi, yomwe imadziwika kuti cyaniding, imakulitsa kuuma kwa pamwamba ndi kukana kuwonongeka kwa chitsulo pamene ikusunga kulimba kwake pakati. Zigawo monga magiya, shafts, ndi zomangira zimatha kukonzedwa motere kuti ziwongolere magwiridwe antchito awo komanso moyo wawo wonse mu ntchito zamakina.

Kusuta

Muzinthu zina zaulimi ndi zosungirako, sodium cyanide yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati fumigant. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yotulutsa mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide, womwe ndi wowopsa ku tizirombo, ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa tizilombo, makoswe, ndi tizirombo tina mu mbewu zosungidwa, mosungiramo katundu, ndi m'malo obiriwira. Komabe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake mu fumigation kumayendetsedwa bwino chifukwa cha kuopsa kwake komanso kuopsa kwa chilengedwe komanso thanzi.

Kufunika kwa sodium cyanide

Kufunika kwa sodium cyanide m'mafakitalewa sikunganenedwe mopambanitsa. M'makampani amigodi, imathandizira kuchotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi, makampani opanga zodzikongoletsera, komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo. M'makampani opanga mankhwala, imakhala ngati chomangira chamankhwala osawerengeka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzamankhwala, mapulasitiki, ulusi, ndi zina zambiri zogula ndi mafakitale. Mu electroplating, imatsimikizira kupanga zokutira zazitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimateteza ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zazitsulo. Ngakhale muzochita zake monga kuuma kwachitsulo ndi fumigation, imapereka mayankho apadera omwe ndi ovuta kuwasintha ndi mankhwala ena.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti kasamalidwe, kasungidwe, ndi kutaya kwa sodium cyanide kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri chifukwa cha kawopsedwe wake wambiri. Malamulo okhwima otetezedwa ndi maphunziro oyenera ndi ofunikira kuti muchepetse zoopsa zomwe zimachitika ndi mankhwalawa. Ngakhale zili zowopsa, kufunikira kwake munjira zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale kumapangitsa kukhala mankhwala amtengo wapatali komanso kupitiliza kuphunzira.