Kodi Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji pamigodi ya golide?

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), monga core reagent ya Kutulutsa Golide, amazindikira kusintha kuchokera ku ore kupita ku golidi kudzera mu Cyanidation njira mu Migodi Yagolide. Njirayi imaphatikizapo machitidwe ovuta a mankhwala ndi kuwongolera mwamphamvu ndondomeko. Nawa masitepe ogwiritsira ntchito komanso mfundo zazikuluzikulu zaukadaulo:

Njira ya Gold Cyanidation

I. Ore Pretreatment

1.Kuphwanya ndi Kugaya

Mcherewo umaphwanyidwa ndi kuphwanyidwa kukhala ufa wosalala (nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ≤ 75μm) kuti malo olumikizirana ndi Sodium Cyanide awonjezereke.

2.Flotation kapena Gravity Concentration

Ma ore apansi amayenera kuyikapo zitsulo za golide kudzera mu kuyandama kapena mphamvu yokoka kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa miyala yopangira chithandizo cha cyanidation.

II. Cyanidation Leaching Reaction

1.Leaching Conditions

• Kukonzekera kwa Yankho: Sungunulani sodium cyanide m'madzi kuti mupange yankho losungunuka ndi kuchuluka kwa 0.01%-0.1% (kuchuluka kwake kumadalira mtundu wa miyala).

• Malo okhala ndi alkaline: Onjezani calcium oxide (CaO) kapena sodium hydroxide (NaOH) kuti musinthe pH kufika pa 10-11 kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa cyanide kukhala mpweya woopsa kwambiri wa hydrogen cyanide (HCN).

• Kupereka mpweya: Sungani kuchuluka kwa mpweya wosungunuka mu yankho (nthawi zambiri > 5 mg/L) mwa kulowetsa mpweya kapena kusakaniza kuti muwongolere zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha okosijeni.

2.Chemical Reaction

Golide amakumana ndi cyanide m'malo amchere ndi aerobic kupanga zinthu zosungunuka:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4NaAu(CN)₂ (sodium aurocyanide) + 4NaOH

Izi zimayenera kukhala kwa maola angapo mpaka masiku angapo kuti zitsimikizire kuti golide wasungunuka kwathunthu.

III. Kugwa ndi Kubwezanso kwa Golide

1.Zinc Replacement Njira

Onjezani ufa wa zinki kapena waya wa zinki ku yankho la leaching, ndipo golide amalowetsedwa kudzera m'malo mwake:

2Au(CN)₂⁻ + Zn → 2Au↓ + Zn(CN)₄²⁻

Ufa wagolide wopangidwa umatsukidwa ndikusungunulidwa kuti upeze golide wopanda pake.

2.Activated Carbon Adsorption Njira

Munjira ina, kaboni woyendetsedwa amatha kusankha Au(CN)₂⁻ mu yankho, ndiyeno golideyo amabwezedwa chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.

IV. Chithandizo cha Tailings ndi Chitetezo

1. Neutralization ya Cyanide

Zamkati zam'mimba zikatha kukhetsa zimayenera kuthira cyanide yotsalira powonjezera sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) kapena hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂):

CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2OH⁻

Pomaliza, chepetsani kuchuluka kwa cyanide kukhala muyezo wachitetezo cha chilengedwe (nthawi zambiri <0.5 mg/L).

2.Closed-loop Circulation System

Landirani njira yotsekedwa kuti muchepetse kutulutsa kwa cyanide yankho, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi ena ogwiritsiranso ntchito kumatha kupitilira 90%.

V. Zovuta Zaumisiri ndi Njira Zowongolera

1.Kusokoneza Zonyansa

Ma ayoni achitsulo monga mkuwa ndi chitsulo amadya cyanide. Kukonzekera (monga kuwotcha kwa desulfurization) kapena kuwonjezera zoletsa (monga sodium sulfide) kumafunika kuti muchepetse zotsatira zake.

2.Kuchiza Ores Ochepa

Pagolide wofalitsidwa bwino komanso wotsekeredwa, biological pre-oxidation (monga bakiteriya leaching) kapena ukadaulo wa oxidation wa pressure amatengedwa kuti aphwanye kapangidwe ka mchere ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa golide.

3.Kukweza kwa Environmental Protection Technologies

Pangani zotsitsa za cyanide kapena cyanide-free leaching agents (monga thiosulfates), ndikuwunika njira zatsopano zochira monga electrochemical deposition.

Kutsiliza

Kugwiritsa ntchito Sodium cyanide mu migodi ya golide kumadalira kuwongolera bwino njira ndi kasamalidwe kokhwima ka chitetezo. Ngakhale kuti poizoni wake wayambitsa mkangano, kugwira ntchito bwino kwake komanso phindu lake lazachuma limapangitsa kuti ikhale ukadaulo wodziwika bwino. M'tsogolomu, ndikusintha kwa zofunikira zoteteza chilengedwe, njira yopangira cyanidation idzakula mogwirizana ndi ukadaulo wobiriwira, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kusintha kwa migodi ya golide kupita ku njira yotetezeka komanso yokhazikika.