The Industrial Applications of Sodium Cyanide: Maudindo Angapo Kuchokera ku Mining kupita ku Chemical Synthesis

Sodium cyanide, chinthu chomwe chimamveka choopsa, chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri komanso yosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale. Chimapezeka kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri, kuyambira Migodi mpaka Kupanga Mankhwala , ndipo chimakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha mafakitale amakono.

Kutulutsa Golide mu Migodi

Mu mafakitale a migodi, ntchito yodziwika bwino ya Sodium Cyanide ndi ya Golide Extraction . Golide nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timafalikira m'miyala ndipo zimakhala zovuta kulekanitsa mwachindunji. Sodium cyanide imatha kuchita mankhwala ndi golide kuti ipange ma complexes a golide wosungunuka ndi madzi. Njira yeniyeni ndi iyi: pambuyo poti golide wokhala ndi golide wayamba kulandira chithandizo choyambirira monga kuphwanya ndi kupukuta, umasakanizidwa ndi yankho lokhala ndi sodium cyanide, ndipo mpweya umalowetsedwa. Pansi pa mikhalidwe ya alkaline, ion ya cyanide (CN⁻) mu sodium cyanide imayanjana ndi golide motere: 4Au + 8NaCN+O₂ + 2H₂O = 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+4NaOH. Golide wopangidwa ndi cyanide amatha kuchepetsedwa kuchokera ku yankho kudzera munjira zingapo, monga kusamutsa ndi ufa wa zinc, kuti akwaniritse kulekanitsa golide ndi zonyansa zina. Njira imeneyi yathandiza kwambiri kuti ntchito yofukula golide iyende bwino, zomwe zapangitsa kuti pakhale zotheka kufukula miyala yamtengo wapatali ya golide yomwe poyamba inali yovuta kugwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zakhazikitsa maziko olimba a chitukuko cha makampani opanga golide padziko lonse lapansi. M'migodi ina ikuluikulu ya golide, sodium cyanide yambiri ingagwiritsidwe ntchito tsiku lililonse kukonza matani masauzande ambiri a miyala, ndikupanga golide wamtengo wapatali mosalekeza.

Zopangira Zopangira Chemical Synthesis

Mu gawo la kapangidwe ka mankhwala achilengedwe, sodium cyanide ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga zinthu. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa gulu logwira ntchito la cyano (-CN), lomwe ndi lofunika kwambiri mu Organic Synthesis ndipo lingasinthidwe kukhala magulu ena osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito kudzera muzochita za mankhwala zotsatira, monga gulu la carboxyl (-COOH) ndi gulu la amino (-NH₂). Mwachitsanzo, pamene halogenated hydrocarbon imagwirizana ndi sodium cyanide mu nucleophilic substitution reaction, atomu ya halogen imasinthidwa ndi gulu la cyano kuti ipange nitrile compound. Potengera momwe ethyl bromide ndi sodium cyanide zimachitikira mwachitsanzo: C₂H₅Br + NaCN → C₂H₅CN + NaBr. Propionitrile yopangidwa imatha kuwonjezeredwa hydrolyzed kuti ipeze propionic acid kapena kuchepetsedwa kuti ipeze propylamine. Njira iyi yoyambitsa gulu la cyano kudzera mu sodium cyanide kenako nkusintha gulu logwira ntchito imapereka njira yofunika kwambiri yosinthira kapangidwe ka mankhwala achilengedwe ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga kupanga mankhwala ndi kupanga utoto. Njira zopangira mankhwala ambiri zimaphatikiza sodium cyanide, ndipo ili ngati "chomangira" chofunikira popanga kapangidwe ka mamolekyu achilengedwe.

Fine Chemical Viwanda

Popanga mankhwala abwino kwambiri, sodium cyanide imathandizanso kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, popanga mapulasitiki opangira uinjiniya wapamwamba kwambiri ndi zowonjezera za mphira, zomwe zimakhudzana ndi sodium cyanide zimatha kupatsa zinthu zina zapadera. Mu kaphatikizidwe ka polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, yomwe imadziwika kuti plexiglass), yapakatikati yopangidwa ndi kutenga nawo gawo kwa sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kupyolera mu zochitika zenizeni za mankhwala, cyano - yomwe ili ndi pawiri imasandulika kukhala monomer yokhala ndi kapangidwe kake ndi katundu, kenaka imapangidwa ndi polymerized kuti ipeze PMMA ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri. Nkhaniyi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda kuwala, zokongoletsa zomangamanga, etc. Komanso, kupanga ena vulcanization accelerators kwa mkulu - ntchito rubbers, sodium cyanide ndi zofunika zopangira. Ikhoza kulimbikitsa ndondomeko ya vulcanization ya mphira ndi kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu, kuvala kukana ndi zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali za mphira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zinthu za rabara zikwaniritse zofunikira za zochitika zosiyanasiyana zamphamvu monga matayala a galimoto ndi malamba oyendetsa mafakitale.

Mapulogalamu mu Electroplating Industry

Makampani Opanga Ma Electroplating ndi gawo lina lofunika kwambiri logwiritsira ntchito sodium cyanide. Mu njira yopangira ma electroplating, ndikofunikira kuyika chitsulo china mofanana pamwamba pa chitsulo kuti chikhale cholimba, chokongola komanso zinthu zina zachitsulocho. Sodium cyanide ili ndi ntchito zambiri mu njira yopangira ma electroplating. Kumbali imodzi, imatha kupanga ma complexes okhazikika okhala ndi ma ion achitsulo mu njira yopangira ma plating, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa ma ion achitsulo pamwamba pa cathode, kotero kuti chophimbacho chikhale chofanana komanso chabwino. Mwachitsanzo, mu njira yopangira ma electroplating a mkuwa, sodium cyanide imapanga ma ion ovuta monga [Cu(CN)₂]⁻ okhala ndi ma ion a mkuwa. Pamene ma ion ovuta awa atuluka pa cathode, ma atomu a mkuwa amatha kuyikidwa mofanana pamwamba pa chinthu chomwe chikuyikidwa, ndikupanga chophimba cha mkuwa chosalala komanso chokhuthala. Kumbali ina, sodium cyanide imathanso kukonza kuyendetsa kwamagetsi kwa njira yopangira ma plating ndi kuthekera kofalikira kwa njira yopangira ma plating, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zinthu zogwirira ntchito zooneka ngati zovuta zipezenso zotsatira zabwino zophimba. Ngakhale chifukwa cha poizoni wa sodium cyanide, njira zopangira ma electroplating opanda cyanide zapangidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa, m'magawo ena omwe ali ndi zofunikira kwambiri pakupanga utoto, monga kupanga ma electroplating a zida zamagetsi ndi zida zamlengalenga, njira zopangira ma electroplating yokhala ndi cyanide ikadali ndi gawo lina pamsika chifukwa cha zabwino zake zapadera, ndipo sodium cyanide ikadali ndi gawo lofunikira mu ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri zopangira ma electroplating.

Ntchito Zina Zamakampani

Kuwonjezera pa minda ikuluikulu yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa, sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mafakitale ena. Mumakampani opanga Metal Heat Treatment , sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza chitsulo. Mwa kutentha chitsulocho pamalo okhala ndi sodium cyanide ndi zinthu zina, nayitrogeni ndi kaboni zimalowetsedwa nthawi imodzi pamwamba pa chitsulocho kuti apange cyanide yokhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kukana kuwonongeka kwambiri komanso mphamvu zabwino zotsutsana ndi kugwidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pa chitsulocho pakhale bwino. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza zigawo zofunika kwambiri m'magawo opanga makina ndi magalimoto. Mu njira zina zapadera zachitsulo, sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kulekanitsa ndikuyeretsa zitsulo zina zosowa. Mwa kupanga zovuta zinazake ndi zitsulo zosowa, kulekanitsa zitsulo zosowa ndi zonyansa zina kumachitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zosowa zigwiritsidwe ntchito bwino.

Komabe, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri ndipo imayika chiwopsezo chachikulu ku chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu. Panthawi yopanga, kusungirako, kuyendetsa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito, malamulo okhudzana ndi chitetezo ndi zofunikira zotetezera zachilengedwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa, ndipo njira zotetezera ndi njira zowonongeka ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zoopsa zomwe zingakhalepo zikuyendetsedwa bwino. Ngakhale sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'makampani, ndikupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, anthu akuwunikanso mwachangu njira zina zotetezeka komanso zosamalira zachilengedwe kuti achepetse kudalira chinthu chakupha kwambirichi. Koma pakadali pano, chifukwa cha mankhwala ake apadera, sodium cyanide akadali ndi maudindo angapo osasinthika m'mafakitale ambiri, kuyambira migodi mpaka kuphatikizika kwamankhwala, kulimbikitsa chitukuko chamakampani amakono.