Udindo wa Calcium Oxide mu Kutulutsa Golide ndi Sodium Cyanide

Introduction

Gold cyanidation, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti cyanide leaching, ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa golide ku miyala yaiwisi. Munjira iyi, Sodium cyanide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula golidi mkati mwa thanthwe, monga golide mwiniyo sasungunuka mu cyanide. Komabe, kukhalapo kwa zonyansa zosiyanasiyana ndi chilengedwe chamankhwala cha ore kumatha kukhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito komanso mtengo wochotsa. Apa ndi pamene Kashiamu okusayidi imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri.

Kusintha pH Mtengo wa Zamkati

Imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za calcium oxide mu golide cyanidation ndikuwongolera pH ya ore zamkati. Kashiamu oxide ikawonjezedwa m'madzi, imachita kuti iwonjezere kuchuluka kwa ayoni a hydroxide mu yankho, potero kukweza pH mtengo.

Mu njira ya cyanidation, ndikofunikira kusunga pH mlingo wapamwamba, nthawi zambiri pamwamba pa 11. Ichi ndi chifukwa Sodium Cyanide hydrolyzes mu njira yamadzimadzi. Mlingo wa hydrolysis iyi umagwirizana ndi pH ya yankho. Pa pH yapamwamba, kufanana kwa hydrolysis reaction kumasintha kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa hydrogen cyanide mu yankho. Popeza kuti hydrogen cyanide imakhala yosasunthika ndipo imatha kuthawa m'dongosolo, kusunga pH yapamwamba kumathandiza kupewa kutaya kwa cyanide mu mawonekedwe a mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa chigawo chofunikira kwambiri pakutulutsa golide ndi cyanide ion, ndipo kutayika kulikonse kwa cyanide kungayambitse kuchulukitsidwa kwamafuta. sodium cyanide ndi kuchepa kwachangu kwa Kuchotsa golide.

Kulepheretsa Hydrolysis ya Cyanide

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, hydrolysis ya sodium cyanide ingapangitse mapangidwe a hydrogen cyanide, omwe sikuti amangowonongeka ndi reagent yamtengo wapatali ya cyanide komanso amawononga chilengedwe ndi chitetezo chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake. Calcium oxide imathandizira kuletsa hydrolysis iyi. Powonjezera pH ya yankho, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ayoni wa haidrojeni omwe amapezeka kuti agwirizane ndi ayoni a cyanide kupanga hydrogen cyanide. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti gawo lalikulu la cyanide limakhalabe mu mawonekedwe a cyanide ions, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti golide asungunuke.

Kuthetsa Zoyipa Za Ma Ioni Ena

Ore nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zonyansa zosiyanasiyana monga ma ayoni amkuwa ndi chitsulo, omwe amatha kusokoneza njira ya golide ya cyanidation. Mwachitsanzo, ayoni amkuwa amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi cyanide kupanga zinthu zovuta, motero amadya cyanide ndikuchepetsa kupezeka kwake pakusungunuka kwa golide. Iron ions, makamaka ferric ions, amathanso kuyanjana ndi cyanide, kupanga ma ferricyanide complexes.

Calcium oxide ingathandize kuchepetsa zotsatirazi. M'malo amchere opangidwa ndi calcium oxide, ena mwa ayoni achitsulo amatha kupanga ma precipitates. Mwachitsanzo, ma ion ferric amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi ayoni a hydroxide kuti apange ferric hydroxide precipitate. Mvula iyi imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ayoni mu yankho, kuwalepheretsa kudya cyanide ndikusokoneza njira yotulutsa golide.

Zomwe Zingachitike Zoyipa pa High pH

Ngakhale calcium oxide imapindulitsa mbali zambiri za ndondomeko ya cyanidation, ngati pH mtengo ndi wokwera kwambiri (nthawi zambiri pamwamba pa 12), ukhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa kuchotsa golide. Pa pH yokwera kwambiri, calcium oxide imatha kupanga gulu la calcium peroxide pamwamba pa tinthu tagolide. Chosanjikiza ichi chimakhala ngati chotchinga, cholepheretsa kukhudzana kwachindunji pakati pa ayoni a cyanide ndi pamwamba pa golide, motero amalepheretsa kusungunuka kwa golide. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mosamala kuchuluka kwa calcium oxide yomwe yawonjezeredwa kuonetsetsa kuti pH imasungidwa pamlingo woyenera kwambiri kuti muchotse golide.

Kutsiliza

Mwachidule, calcium oxide imagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika pakuchotsa golide pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Imasinthasintha pH ya zamkati ya ore, imalepheretsa hydrolysis ya cyanide, ndipo imathandizira kuthetsa zovuta za ayoni achitsulo. Komabe, kuwongolera moyenera pH ndikofunikira kuti mupewe zovuta zomwe zingachitike pakuchotsa golide. Kumvetsetsa ntchito za calcium okusayidi kungathandize kukhathamiritsa njira ya cyanidation, kupititsa patsogolo kachulukidwe ka golide, komanso kuchepetsa kumwa kwa sodium cyanide, komwe sikungopindulitsa pazachuma komanso kusungitsa chilengedwe pochepetsa kutulutsa poizoni wa cyanide.