Mfundo ya Sodium Cyanide mu Carbon-in-Pulp Process for Gold Extraction

Introduction

Njira ya Carbon -in-pulp (CIP) ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga golide potulutsa golide kuchokera ku miyala. Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pankhaniyi. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mfundo za momwe Sodium cyanide imagwirira ntchito mu njira ya CIP yochotsera golide.

Cyanidation Reaction: Maziko a Kuwonongeka kwa Golide

1. Chemical Reaction Mechanism

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi gulu lochita zinthu kwambiri. Ikafika ku oxygen, imakhudzidwa ndi golide wopezeka mu miyala. Zomwe zimasintha golide wosasungunuka mkati mwa ore kukhala mawonekedwe osungunuka popanga cholimba chokhazikika ndi golide. Njira yovutayi ndiyofunikira chifukwa imalola golide kukhala wolekanitsidwa ndi magawo olimba a miyala.

2. Udindo wa Oxygen

Mpweya wa okosijeni ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa Cyanidation reaction , lomwe limagwira ntchito ngati okosijeni kuti lithandize kuswa golide. Popanda mpweya, kusinthana kwa ayoni a golide ndi cyanide kumapitirira mofulumira ngati nkhono. Mpweya wa okosijeni umapereka zofunikira kuti golide-cyanide ipangidwe. Mu mafakitale, mpweya nthawi zambiri umatuluka mu cyanide solution kuti zitsimikizire kuti mpweya ukupezeka mokwanira. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu solution kumakhudza mwachindunji liwiro lomwe golide amasungunuka.

3. pH Control

Mulingo wa pH wa yankho la cyanide ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga cyanidation. Sodium cyanide, pokhala mchere wa asidi ofooka komanso maziko amphamvu, amatha kulowa mu hydrolysis m'madzi, zomwe zingathe kupanga hydrogen cyanide, mpweya wapoizoni komanso wosasunthika. Pofuna kupewa izi, yankho la pH limasungidwa mosamala pamlingo wapamwamba, nthawi zambiri kuzungulira 10 - 11. pH yapamwambayi sikuti imangokhala yokhazikika yothetsera vuto la cyanide komanso imakulitsa mphamvu ya kusungunuka kwa golide. Kuphatikiza apo, zimathandizira kuchepetsa kusokonezedwa ndi ayoni ena achitsulo mu ore omwe amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi ayoni a cyanide ndikulepheretsa kutulutsa golide.

Adsorption of Gold Cyanide Complexes ndi Activated Carbon

1. Kusankha Adsorption Katundu wa Activated Carbon

Golide akasungunuka mu njira ya cyanide ngati ma complexes, activated carbon imalowetsedwa mu zamkati. Mpweya wokhala ndi activated uli ndi malo akulu komanso mawonekedwe opindika, omwe amalola kuti azitha kukopa ndikugwiritsitsa ma golide a cyanide. Ma micropores ndi mesopores mkati mwa kaboni woyendetsedwa amapereka malo ambiri otsatsa. Mapangidwe a golide a cyanide amakokedwa kumalo awa kudzera mu mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mphamvu za van der Waals ndi ma electrostatic interactions.

2. Njira ya Adsorption

Njira yotsatsira ma complexes agolide a cyanide ndi activated carbon imachitika munjira zingapo. Choyamba, ma complexes omwe ali mu njira yothetsera vutoli amapita pamwamba pa carbon activated chifukwa cha kusiyana kwake pakati pa yankho ndi carbon surface. Kamodzi pamwamba, ma complexes amagwirizanitsa ndi malo omwe alipo. Chiyembekezo chimafikiridwa pamene mlingo umene ma complexes akugulitsidwa akufanana ndi mlingo umene akutulutsidwa. Kugwirizana kwakukulu kwa carbon activated for gold cyanide complexes kumathandizira kulekanitsa bwino kwa golidi kuchokera ku yankho, ndikuliyika pazitsulo zotsatila.

Kuwonongeka ndi Kubwezeretsanso Golide kuchokera ku Activated Carbon

1. Njira ya Desorption

Mpweya wopangidwa ukalowa mkati ukalowa mkati mwa golide wa cyanide complexes ndipo ukalowa mkati mwa golide, golideyo umafunika kuchotsedwa mu kaboni kuti ukagwiritsidwe ntchito. Njira yodziwika bwino ndi njira ya Zadra. Munjira iyi, mpweya wodzazidwa umathandizidwa ndi yankho lotentha la Sodium Cyanide ndi sodium hydroxide. Kutentha ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala a yankho kumaswa mgwirizano pakati pa golide ndi mpweya wopangidwa mkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golideyo abwerere mu yankho.

2. Gold Recovery ku Desorbed Solution

Golidiyo atabwereranso mu njira yothetsera vutoli, njira zingapo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti zibwezeretsedwe. Njira imodzi yotchuka ndi electroplating, kumene mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa mu njira yothetsera golide wachitsulo pa cathode. Njira ina ndi mvula ya zinki. Zinc ufa amawonjezedwa ku yankho, ndipo kudzera mu kachitidwe ka redox, zinki imachotsa golide kuchokera ku golide wa cyanide, kulola golide wokhazikika kupatulidwa ndi yankho pogwiritsa ntchito kusefera kapena njira zina zolekanitsa.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa njira yochotsera golide m'mafupa a carbon-in-pulp. Imalola kuti golide asungunuke kuchokera mumkuwa mwa kupanga zinthu zokhazikika pamaso pa mpweya komanso pH yolamulidwa. Njira zotsatirazi zoyamwitsa kaboni woyambitsa, kuchotsa kaboni kuchokera mumphika, ndi kubwezeretsa golide zonse zimamangidwa pa zomwe zimachitika poyamba pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide . Kumvetsetsa mfundo izi ndikofunikira kuti njira yochotsera golide igwire bwino ntchito komanso moyenera m'migodi, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo ndi chilengedwe chikuyenda bwino chifukwa cha poizoni wa sodium cyanide.