Malamulo a Sodium Cyanide ndi Kutsata

Introduction

Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri komanso owopsa. Chifukwa cha zoopsa zake kwambiri, okhwima Malamulo ndi malangizo zakhazikitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi kuti ziziyang'anira kupanga, kusungirako, kuyendetsa, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kutaya. Kuonetsetsa Compliance ndi malamulowa ndi ofunika kwambiri osati kuteteza chilengedwe komanso chitetezo cha anthu. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za malamulo ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi Sodium cyanide ndikuwunika mbali za kutsata.

Malamulo ndi Malamulo Oyendetsera Sodium Cyanide

Malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi

1. Msonkhano wa Rotterdam

• Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse uwu umayang'ana kwambiri za njira zovomerezera kale mankhwala owopsa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo pamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale Sodium Cyanide sizingatchulidwe mwachindunji pansi pa zinthu zazikuluzikulu za Msonkhano wa Rotterdam, malonda ake ndi kayendetsedwe kake zimakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi ndondomeko yonse ya kayendetsedwe ka mankhwala owopsa. Msonkhanowu cholinga chake ndi kuonetsetsa kuti mayiko akudziwa zoopsa zomwe zingachitike ndi mankhwala omwe amatumiza kunja, zomwe zimakhudza kayendetsedwe ka malire a mayiko. sodium cyanide.

2.Mgwirizano wa Stockholm pa Zowonongeka Zosalekeza za Organic

• Ngakhale kuti sodium cyanide siiwononga nthawi zonse, mfundo zachitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi kuchepetsa ngozi zomwe zili mumsonkhanowu zimakhudza njira yoyendetsera zinthu zoopsa kwambiri monga sodium cyanide. Kugogomezera kwa msonkhanowo pakuchepetsa kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zovulaza m'chilengedwe kumakhudzanso momwe sodium cyanide imayendetsedwa posungira ndi kutaya kuti zisawononge chilengedwe.

National - Level Regulations ku United States

1.The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)

• TSCA imapatsa bungwe la US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mphamvu zoyang'anira kupanga, kuitanitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kutaya mankhwala, kuphatikizapo sodium cyanide. Opanga ndi otumiza kunja kwa sodium cyanide akuyenera kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za mankhwalawo, monga kuchuluka kwake, kuchuluka kwake, momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, komanso zotsatira zake paumoyo ndi chilengedwe. Izi zimathandiza EPA kuwunika ndikuwongolera kuopsa kokhudzana ndi sodium cyanide.

2. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

• Pamene sodium cyanide ikhala chinthu chonyansa, RCRA imalowa. Imayika zinyalala zowopsa ndikuyika miyezo yoyendetsera, kuphatikiza kusungirako, kuyendetsa, ndi kutaya. Zinyalala za sodium cyanide ziyenera kusamaliridwa motsatira njira za RCRA - njira zopewera kuwononga chilengedwe komanso kuteteza thanzi la anthu. Mwachitsanzo, njira zotayira za cyanide ziyenera kuthandizidwa kuti ziwononge cyanide musanatayidwe.

Malamulo mu European Union

1.Kulembetsa, Kuunika, Kuvomerezeka, ndi Kuletsa Kwamankhwala (REACH)

• REACH imafuna makampani kuti alembetse mankhwala omwe amapanga kapena kuitanitsa ku EU. Kwa sodium cyanide, makampani ayenera kupereka chidziwitso chokwanira pa katundu wake, ntchito, ndi chitetezo. Izi zimathandiza EU kuti imvetse bwino kuopsa kokhudzana ndi sodium cyanide ndikuchita zoyenera kuwongolera. Njira yowunikira yomwe ili pansi pa REACH imatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ngati kuwopsa kwake kukuwoneka ngati kosavomerezeka.

2.Malangizo pa Zinthu Zowopsa ndi Kukonzekera

• Malangizowa, monga Dangerous Substances Directive (67/548/EEC) ndi Dangerous Preparations Directive (1999/45/EC), amaika sodium cyanide ngati chinthu choopsa kwambiri. Amakhazikitsa zofunikira zolembera, kulongedza, ndi mapepala achitetezo. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti ogwira ntchito ndi ogula akudziwa zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi sodium cyanide ndipo akhoza kutenga njira zoyenera.

Malingaliro Otsatira

Zopanga Zapamwamba

1. Njira Zachitetezo ndi Maphunziro

• Malo opangira ma cyanide a sodium cyanide ayenera kutsatira njira zotetezera. Izi zikuphatikiza kukhazikitsa njira zodziwira zotayikira, mpweya wabwino, ndi zida zothandizira pakachitika ngozi. Ogwira nawo ntchito yomangayi ayenera kuphunzitsidwa mokwanira za kagwiridwe ka sodium cyanide, kuphatikizapo njira zotetezera chitetezo, chithandizo choyamba pamene akhudzidwa, ndi njira zothandizira mwadzidzidzi. Kutsatira malamulowa sikungochepetsa ngozi komanso kumakwaniritsa zofunika zalamulo.

2.Kuteteza chilengedwe

• Malo opangira zinthu ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe mpweya wa sodium cyanide m'chilengedwe. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kugwiritsa ntchito umisiri wotsogola wowongolera kuwononga chilengedwe, monga zotsuka kuti zigwire cyanide - yomwe ili ndi mpweya. Kuyang'anira chilengedwe nthawi zonse ndikofunikiranso kuwonetsa kutsata malamulo a chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi otayira otulutsidwa kuchokera kumalo opangirako kuti atsimikizire kuti ali m'malire ololedwa.

Kusungirako ndi Kuyenda

1.Zofunika Zosungirako

• Sodium cyanide iyenera kusungidwa m'malo otetezeka, omwe ali ndi mpweya wabwino omwe amapangidwira kuti asatayike komanso kuti asatayike. Zotengera zosungiramo ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe sizingawonongeke ndi sodium cyanide. Kuonjezera apo, malo osungira ayenera kulembedwa momveka bwino kuti ali ndi zinthu zoopsa, ndipo malo osungira ayenera kuperekedwa kwa ogwira ntchito ovomerezeka okha. Kutsatira zofunikira zosungira izi ndikofunikira kuti mupewe kutulutsa mwangozi sodium cyanide.

2.Malamulo apaulendo

• Poyendetsa, sodium cyanide iyenera kutengedwa motsatira malamulo okhwima. Izi zikuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto ovomerezeka oyendera omwe ali ndi zida zosungira. Oyendetsa magalimotowa ayenera kuphunzitsidwa mmene angagwiritsire ntchito zinthu zoopsa komanso kutsatira njira zinazake kuti achepetse chiopsezo chokumana ndi anthu pangozi. Zofunikira pakunyamula sodium cyanide, monga mabilu onyamula ndi mapepala achitetezo, ziyeneranso kukwaniritsidwa.

Kutaya Zinyalala za Sodium Cyanide

1.Njira Zochizira ndi Kutaya

• Pamene sodium cyanide ikhala zinyalala, sichitha kutayidwa pamalo otayirapo wamba. M'malo mwake, iyenera kuthandizidwa kuti iwononge cyanide. Njira zochiritsira zodziwika bwino ndi monga kukhetsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni, monga kugwiritsa ntchito hydrogen peroxide kapena klorini kuti agwetse cyanide kukhala zinthu zosavulaza. Pambuyo pa chithandizo, zinyalalazo ziyenera kutayidwa m'malo otayirako zinyalala zovomerezeka zovomerezeka. Kutsatira njira zotayirazi ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kutulutsa poizoni wa cyanide m'chilengedwe.

2.Documentation and Reporting

• Zida zotayira zinyalala za sodium cyanide zimafunika kuti zisungidwe mwatsatanetsatane za kasamalidwe ka zinyalala ndi kutayira. Izi zikuphatikizapo zambiri za kuchuluka kwa zinyalala, njira yopangira mankhwala, ndi malo otayapo. Kupereka malipoti pafupipafupi kwa oyang'anira zachilengedwe ndikofunikiranso kuwonetsa kutsata malamulo oyendetsera zinyalala.

Zotsatira za Kusamvera

Kusatsatira malamulo ndi malamulo okhudzana ndi sodium cyanide kungakhale ndi zotsatira zoopsa. Pankhani ya kuphwanya chilengedwe, makampani akhoza kukumana ndi chindapusa chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, kuphwanya malamulo a RCRA kungachititse munthu kulipira chindapusa cha madola mamiliyoni angapo patsiku. Kuphatikiza pa zilango zandalama, kusatsatira malamulo kungayambitse kutsekedwa kwa malo, kuimbidwa milandu kwa anthu omwe ali ndi udindo, ndikuwononga mbiri ya kampani. Zikavuta kwambiri, kusamvera kumatha kubweretsa masoka achilengedwe ndikuyika thanzi la anthu pachiwopsezo, monga momwe zimawonekera m'mbiri ya ngozi zamakampani zomwe zimakhudzana ndi sodium cyanide.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala omwe amafunikira kuwongolera mosamalitsa chifukwa cha kawopsedwe wake wambiri. Malamulo ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, dziko, ndi zigawo akhazikitsidwa kuti aziyang'anira mbali iliyonse ya sodium cyanide, kuyambira kupanga mpaka kutaya. Kutsatira malamulowa si udindo walamulo kokha komanso ndi udindo woteteza chilengedwe ndi chitetezo cha anthu. Makampani ndi anthu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kagwiritsidwe ka sodium cyanide ayenera kukhala tcheru kuti awonetsetse kuti akukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse kuti apewe zotsatira zoopsa za kusamvera. Pamene kumvetsetsa kwathu kuopsa kokhudzana ndi sodium cyanide kumasintha, malamulo akuyenera kukonzedwanso, ndipo zoyesayesa zotsatila ziyenera kuyenda bwino.