Kusamalira Motetezeka Ma Cyanides / Sodium Cyanide

Introduction

Cyanides, makamaka Sodium Cyanide, ndi zinthu zapoizoni kwambiri. Kusasamalira bwino kungayambitse ngozi zoopsa, kuwononga chilengedwe, ngakhalenso kuika miyoyo pachiswe. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa mozama ndikutsata mosamalitsa ndondomeko zachitetezo pochita ndi mankhwalawa.

Zida Zodzitetezera (PPE)

Chitetezo cha Kumapuma

Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chopumira chokha (SCBA) chokhala ndi chigoba chathunthu. Mutauzidwa kuti Cyanides amatha kutulutsa ngati fumbi, utsi, kapena mpweya, muyesowu ndi wofunikira kwambiri. SCBA iyenera kukhala ndi fyuluta ya air-effective particulate air (HEPA) kuti iteteze cyanide iliyonse - yomwe ili ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono kuti tilowe mu kupuma.

Zovala Zoteteza

Valani suti yosamva mankhwala yopangidwa ndi zinthu monga Tyvek kapena neoprene. Chovalacho chiyenera kuphimba thupi lonse, kuphatikizapo manja, mapazi, ndi mutu. Ndikoyenera kuvala magolovesi osatha opangidwa ndi mphira wa butyl kuteteza manja. Nsapato zodzitetezera zokhala ndi zala zachitsulo ndi zala zachitsulo - zosagwirizana ndi mankhwala ndizofunikiranso kuti muteteze bwino mapazi kuti asakhumane nawo. cyanides.

Chitetezo cha M'maso

Kuphatikiza pa chigoba cha nkhope cha SCBA, magalasi amadzi - splash ayeneranso kukhala ndi zida. Magalasi awa amatha kupereka chitetezo chowonjezera kuti atseke zitsulo za cyanide kuti zisagwe m'maso.

Kusamalira Njira Zodzitetezera

yosungirako

Cyanides ayenera kusungidwa m'malo osankhidwa mwapadera komanso mpweya wabwino, kutali ndi kutentha, zidulo, ndi oxidizing agents. Ma Cyanides amachita mwankhanza ndi zidulo kuti apange mpweya wapoizoni wa haidrojeni cyanide. The yosungirako zotengerazo ziyenera kusindikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi kulemba momveka bwino dzina la mankhwala, machenjezo owopsa, ndi malangizo a kagwiridwe.

Kusamutsa ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito

Mukasamutsa ma cyanides kuchokera ku chidebe chimodzi kupita ku china, gwiritsani ntchito ma fanizi apadera ndi zida zosamutsa zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ma cyanides. Kuthira mwachindunji ndi dzanja ndikoletsedwa. M'malo opangira ma labotale kapena mafakitale, ntchito zonse zomwe zimakhudzana ndi ma cyanides ziyenera kuchitidwa mu fume hood kuti utsi wapoizoni usafalikire kumalo ogwirira ntchito.

Gwiritsani ntchito sikelo zoyezera zoyezera kapena zida za volumetric kuti muyeze bwino ma cyanide. Pewani kwambiri - kuyeza kapena kutayikira, chifukwa ngakhale cyanide yaying'ono imatha kubweretsa zoopsa.

Emergency Response Plan

Training

Ogwira ntchito onse omwe angakumane ndi ma cyanides ayenera kuphunzitsidwa Emergency njira zoyankhira. Maphunzirowa akukhudza kuzindikira zizindikiro za poizoni wa cyanide (monga mutu, chizungulire, kupuma mofulumira, kutaya chidziwitso, ndi zina zotero) ndikudziŵa njira zogwiritsira ntchito njira zothandizira zoyamba.

Zida Zadzidzidzi

Malo osambitsira maso mwadzidzidzi ndi shawa yachitetezo ayenera kuperekedwa pamalo ogwirira ntchito. Pakhungu kapena kukhudzana ndi maso ndi ma cyanides, kuthamangitsidwa mwachangu ndi madzi ambiri ndikofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala apadera a cyanide monga hydroxocobalamin, sodium nitrite, ndi sodium thiosulfate ayenera kusungidwa pamalopo, koma ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsogozedwa ndi akatswiri azachipatala.

Njira zotulutsiramo zomveka bwino ndi ndondomeko ziyenera kupangidwa. Kukachitika kuti cyanide yatsitsidwa kapena kutulutsidwa, ogwira ntchito ayenera kudziwa momwe angatulukire m'deralo mwachangu komanso motetezeka.

Kutaya Cyanides

Mankhwala Chithandizo

Imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino zochizira cyanide - zomwe zimakhala ndi zinyalala ndi okosijeni wamankhwala. Sodium hypochlorite (bulichi) angagwiritsidwe ntchito oxidize cyanides kukhala zinthu zochepa poizoni. Izi ziyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino pamalo olowera mpweya wabwino. General reaction formula ndi motere:

2NaCN + 5NaClO + H₂O → N₂ + 2NaHCO₃ + 5NaCl

Njira ina ndikugwiritsa ntchito hydrogen peroxide pansi pa chothandizira. Izi zimathanso kusintha ma cyanides kukhala zinthu zopanda poizoni.

Kusalowerera ndale

Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha okosijeni, yankho lingafunike kuchepetsedwa. Ngati njira yothetsera vutoli ndi acidic chifukwa cha makutidwe ndi okosijeni, maziko monga sodium hydroxide angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusintha pH kufunika kwa ndale (pH 6 - 9).

Kutaya Kwamalamulo

Ma cyanides akathandizidwa ndikuchotsedwa, zinyalala zomwe zimapangidwazo ziyenera kutayidwa motsatira malamulo amderalo, boma, komanso boma. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kutumiza zinyalalazo kumalo omwe ali ndi chilolezo chotaya zinyalala zangozi.

Kutsiliza

Kusamalira ma cyanides, makamaka sodium cyanide, imafuna kusamala kwambiri ndikutsatira mosamalitsa njira zotetezera. Posankha zida zoyenera zodzitetezera, kupanga zadzidzidzi Mayankho Plans, kuti njira zotayira zotetezedwa, sitepe iliyonse pakugwira ntchito iyenera kuganiziridwa bwino. Potsatira mosamalitsa malangizowa, titha kuchepetsa kuwopsa kwa zinthu zapoizonizi ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito komanso chilengedwe.