Njira Zoyankhira Mwadzidzidzi za Kutayikira kwa Sodium Cyanide M'madzi

1. Introduction

Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri. Ikalowa m'madzi, imatha kuwononga kwambiri chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchita mwachangu komanso moyenera njira zoyankhira mwadzidzidzi. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza njira zothandizira mwadzidzidzi sodium cyanide kutayikira m'madzi mwatsatanetsatane.

2. Pa - site Control ndi Alert

2.1. Asanafike Magulu A Professional

Pakakhala Sodium Cyanide kutayikira m'madzi panthawi yamayendedwe kapena posungira, ngati ogwira ntchito pamalopo ali ndi zida zomangira kapena zoyezera ndipo atha kuwonetsetsa kuti ali otetezeka, ayenera kuchita mapulagi mwachangu kuti athetse kuchuluka kwa kutayikira. Komabe, ngati palibe mikhalidwe yotereyi, afotokoze mwamsanga ngoziyo ndikukhala ndi udindo wokhazikitsa chenjezo m’dera la ngozi.

Malingana ndi kope la 2000 la North American Chemical Rescue Guide, pamene kuchuluka kwakukulu (kuposa 200 kg) Sodium cyanide Kuchucha m'madzi, utali wodzipatula wadzidzidzi uyenera kukhala wosachepera 95 m. Nthawi zambiri, ogwira ntchito pamalowo amayenera kukhazikitsa malo ochenjeza pafupifupi 500 - 10000 m molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide, kufalikira, komanso malo omwe akhudzidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, konzani ogwira ntchito kuti akhazikitse zidziwitso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje kapena kuzungulira nyanja, ndikuletsa zochitika zonse monga kumwa madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, ndi usodzi.

2.2. Pambuyo pa Kufika kwa Professional Teams

Pamene ozimitsa moto kapena gulu la akatswiri oyankha mwadzidzidzi afika pamalopo, adzalandira ntchito yoyang'anira malo. Adzawunikanso momwe zinthu zilili, kulimbitsa malo ochenjeza, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe anthu osaloledwa kapena magalimoto omwe amalowa m'derali. Agwiritsanso ntchito zida zaukadaulo kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide m'madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa magawanidwe, kuti apereke maziko a njira zotsatirira zamankhwala.

3. Kuyeretsa chilengedwe - mmwamba

3.1. Zolepheretsa Kumanga

Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyamba pakuyeretsa zachilengedwe - ndikumanga zotchinga. Mwachitsanzo, kumanga mtsinje - kutsekereza damu m'mphepete mwa mtsinje kungathe kulepheretsa madzi oipitsidwa amtsinje kuti asapitirire kunsi kwa mtsinje, potero kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuipitsa. Izi zimafuna - ogwira ntchito pamalowo kuti adziwe mwachangu malo oyenera kumanga damulo molingana ndi mtunda ndi momwe madzi amayendera.

3.2. Chemical Neutralization

Pambuyo pomanga chotchinga, chotsatira ndicho kusokoneza ma cyanide ions m'madzi oipitsidwa. Kuchuluka kwa quicklime (calcium oxide) kapena calcium hypochlorite imatha kuyikidwa m'madzi oipitsidwa. Zinthuzi zimatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi sodium cyanide m'madzi kuti achepetse ayoni a cyanide ndikuchepetsa kawopsedwe. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala owonjezera kumafunika kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuipitsa komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi oipitsidwa. Nthawi zambiri, akatswiri oteteza zachilengedwe amawerengera ndikuwongolera ntchitoyi.

Ngati kuipitsako kuli koopsa, kungakhale koyenera kutsegula njira yatsopano yopita kumtunda kuti madzi aukhondo apatutse kuchokera kumtunda kukadutsa malo oipitsidwawo. Njirayi imatha kuchepetsa madzi oipitsidwa ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide m'madzi kumlingo wina.

3.3. Chithandizo cha Micro - sungunuka kapena Insoluble Cyanide - wokhala ndi Zinthu

Ngati chinthu chotayidwacho ndi chamadzimadzi osungunuka kapena osasungunuka a nitrile (monga mitundu ina ya mankhwala a nitrile), njira zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kutengedwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwake.

Kwa zinthu zokhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kuposa madzi (monga phenylacetonitrile), posachedwa, dzenje kapena dzenje likumbidwe kunsi kwa mtsinjewo pansi pa mtsinje kapena nyanja. Pa nthawi yomweyi, payenera kumangidwanso dike pansi pa dzenje kapena dzenje kuti madzi asatayike.

Kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala zocheperako kuposa madzi (monga valeronitrile, phenylacetonitrile), dike, damu, ukonde wosefera, kapena mpanda woyandama uyenera kumangidwa mwachangu kunsi kwa madzi otayira kuti achepetse dera lamadzi oipitsidwa.

4. Kuzindikira Ubwino wa Madzi

Kuzindikira kwamadzi nthawi zonse ndi gawo lofunikira pakuyankha mwadzidzidzi. Ogwira ntchito yozindikira ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera akatswiri kuti azizindikira pafupipafupi madzi a malo oipitsidwa. Cholinga chachikulu ndikuzindikira kukula kwa cyanide m'madzi.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide m'madzi komwe kumapezeka m'madzi kumapitilira muyeso m'malo okulirapo kuposa momwe amayembekezeredwa, pangakhale kofunikira kukulitsa malo ochenjeza munthawi yake kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo cha malo ozungulira komanso anthu. Kuzindikira kwamadzi kuyenera kuchitika mosalekeza mpaka madziwo abwerera mwakale ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zachilengedwe.

5. Njira zopewera

5.1. Chitetezo Chaumwini

Onse ogwira ntchito pamalowo, kuphatikiza oyankha koyamba, ogwira ntchito yoyeretsa, ndi oyesa madzi, ayenera kuvala zida zodzitetezera zoyenera. Izi zikuphatikiza zida zopumira mpweya, zotchingira zotchingira mankhwala, komanso magolovesi osamva mankhwala. Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pofuna kuteteza khungu kuti lisakhumane ndi madzi oipitsidwa, monga sodium cyanide imatha kuyamwa pakhungu ndikuyambitsa poizoni.

5.2. Kupewa Kuipitsa Kwachiwiri

Panthawi yoyankha mwadzidzidzi, chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kutengedwa kuti tipewe kuipitsa kwachiwiri. Mwachitsanzo, madzi otayira omwe amapangidwa panthawi yoyeretsa amayenera kusonkhanitsidwa bwino ndikuyeretsedwa. Siziyenera kutulutsidwa mwachindunji m'madzi ena popanda chithandizo. Zinyalala zonse, monga zinthu zoyamwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa kutayikirako, ziyeneranso kutayidwa bwino kuti sodium cyanide isatayike.

5.3. Information Public and Communication

Ndikofunikira kudziwitsa anthu munthawi yake za ngozi ya sodium cyanide yotayikira komanso kupita patsogolo kwa njira zothandizira mwadzidzidzi. Anthu adziwitsidwe kuti asagwiritse ntchito madzi oipitsidwa komanso asamadye nsomba zogwidwa m’malo oipitsidwa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuyang'anira gwero la madzi kuyenera kulimbikitsidwa, zitsanzo ziyenera kutengedwa nthawi zonse komanso pamalo okhazikika, ndipo zotsatira zowunikira ziyenera kulengezedwa panthawi yake kuti athetse mantha a anthu ndi kusunga bata.

Pomaliza, sodium cyanide ikalowa m'madzi, njira zingapo zasayansi komanso zogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi ziyenera kutengedwa nthawi yomweyo. Kudzera pakuwongolera malo, kuyeretsa chilengedwe, kuzindikira zamadzi, komanso kutsatira mosamalitsa njira zodzitetezera, kuwonongeka komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kutayikira kwa sodium cyanide kumatha kuchepetsedwa kuteteza chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu.